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Side (daughter of Ictinus)

January 01, 1970

This article is about the transformed woman. For other uses, see Side (mythology).

In Greek mythology, Side (/saɪdɪ/, SYE-dee; Ancient Greek: Σίδη, romanized: Sídē, lit. 'pomegranate', pronounced [sǐːdɛː]) is a minor figure who tried to escape her enamored father and was transformed into a tree, in part of an aetiological myth that attempts to explain the nature of trees and birds. Her brief tale survives in the works of Dionysius Periegetes, an ancient Greek author who is believed to have been born in the city of Alexandria, and to have lived around the time of Roman Emperor Hadrian (reigned 117–138 AD).

Etymology edit

The ancient Greek noun σίδη translates to "pomegranate",[1] and refers to both the tree and its fruit.[2] Robert Beekes and Furnée suggest that all of its variant spellings (such as σίβδη síbdē, ξίμβα xímba, and σίβδα síbda) point to a Pre-Greek origin of the word,[3] and Witczak says specifically a Western Anatolian one.[4]

Family edit

The only known member of Side's family is a father named Ictinus.[5] Nothing more is known about their family, nor is the land her myth takes place ever named, as most likely both Side and Ictinus were invented for the sake of this story.[6]

Mythology edit

According to the myth, Side's father Ictinus developed an incestuous desire for his daughter, and chased her down with the intention to rape her.[7][8] Side fled from him until she reached the gravestone of her dead mother, and killed herself on it to avoid his ravenous advances.[9] Her red blood spilt on the ground and gave rise to a pomegranate tree, while her father himself was transformed into a kite,[6][10][11] a bird of prey which, according to Oppian, hates to rest on pomegranate trees.[12][13]

Symbolism edit

 
Coin from Side with a pomegranate, circa 490-450 BC

Karl Kerenyi compared this story to both the goddess Persephone, who was abducted to the Underworld by its king Hades and forced to stay there for several months a year thanks to her consumption of pomegranate fruit, and the hunter Orion's first wife Side, who angered Hera and was cast in Tartarus as punishment. All three stories have in common the theme of a pomegranate-related maiden who dies, either literally or metaphorically, and is led to the Underworld. In this Side's case, her father Ictinus supplants the subterranean god who seduces/rapes the maiden. Kerenyi summarized the theme as a woman who has to go down to the Underworld for the benefit of her community.[14]

The pomegranate fruit was seen as a symbol of fertility and Aphrodite, the goddess of love and fertility, possibly because its numerable red seeds suggest procreation and sexuality; it was also used as birth-control.[15] Most significantly when it comes to this myth, other than the connection it has to kites, it has a bright red colour that resembles blood, as Side spilt her own when she took her life, which then gave rise to the tree.[6]

An ancient Greek colony in the region of Pamphylia (on the southern coast of Anatolia/Asia Minor, now in Turkey) was called Side, and coins from that city displayed pomegranate fruits on them.[16][17] Other Anatolian cities called Side include one in Caria and another in Pontus.

Side's myth has also similar elements with those of Nyctaea[18][19] and Nyctimene,[20][21] two other women who were transformed into something else in their effort to escape the embraces of their rapacious fathers.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Hünemörder, Christian (2006). Cancik, Hubert; Schneider, Helmuth (eds.). ""Pomegranate", in: Brill's New Pauly, Antiquity volumes". referenceworks.brillonline.com. Translated by Salazar, Christine F. Hamburg. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  2. ^ "Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, Σ ς, , σι^γεῖν , σίδη". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 2023-11-08.
  3. ^ Beekes 2010, p. 1329.
  4. ^ Witczak & Zadka 2014, pp. 113–126 and 131–139.
  5. ^ Rosemary M. Wright. . mythandreligion.upatras.gr. University of Patras. Archived from the original on December 30, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2023.
  6. ^ a b c Forbes Irving 1990, pp. 242–243.
  7. ^ Stone 2017, p. 15.
  8. ^ Roscher 1909, p. 815.
  9. ^ Grimal 1987, s.v. Side.
  10. ^ Theocritus (1857). Poetae bucolici et didactici (in Latin). Didot.
  11. ^ Garzya 1955, pp. 205-206.
  12. ^ Folkard 1884, p. 500.
  13. ^ Bell 1991, p. 400.
  14. ^ Kerenyi 1967, p. 139.
  15. ^ Cyrino 2010, pp. 63-64.
  16. ^ Sear 1978, p. 494.
  17. ^ Hill 1897, p. 81.
  18. ^ Lactantius Placidus; Jahnke, Richard (1898). Lactantii Placidi qvi dicitvr Commentarios in Statii Thebaida it Commentarivm in Achilleida recensvit Ricardvs Jahnke. unknown library. Lipsiae : in aedibvs B. G. Tevbneri.
  19. ^ von Pauly 1971, p. 1515.
  20. ^ Ovid 1916, pp. 100-101, lines 2.591-5.
  21. ^ Hyginus, Fabulae 204, 253

Bibliography edit

  • Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010). Lucien van Beek (ed.). Etymological Dictionary of Greek. Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series. Vol. ΙΙ. Leiden, the Netherlands: Brill Publications. ISBN 978-90-04-17419-1.
  • Bell, Robert E. (1991). Women of Classical Mythology: A Biographical Dictionary. ABC-Clio. ISBN 9780874365818.
  • Cyrino, Monica S. (June 25, 2010). Aphrodite. Gods and Heroes of the Ancient World. New York and London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-77523-6.
  • Folkard, Richard (1884). Plant Lore, Legends, and Lyrics: Embracing the Myths, Traditions, Superstitions, and Folk-lore of the Plant Kingdom. Michigan: S. Low, Marston, Searle, and Rivington.
  • Forbes Irving, Paul M. C. (1990). Metamorphosis in Greek Myths. Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-814730-9.
  • Garzya, Antonius (1955). "Paraphrasis Dionysii Poematis de Aucupio". Byzantion. 25–27 (1). Peeters Publishers, JSTOR: 195–240. JSTOR 44170039. Retrieved December 28, 2022.
  • Grimal, Pierre (1987). The Dictionary of Classical Mythology. Translated by A. R. Maxwell-Hyslop. New York, USA: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-13209-0.
  • Hill, Sir George Francis (1897). Catalogue of the Greek Coins of Lycia, Pamphylia, and Pisidia. Catalogue of the Greek Coins in the British Museum. Vol. 19. London, UK: Trustees of the British Museum.
  • Hyginus, Gaius Julius, The Myths of Hyginus. Edited and translated by Mary A. Grant, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1960.
  • Kerenyi, Karl (1967). Eleusis: Archetypal Image of Mother and Daughter. Translated by Ralph Manheim. New York City, New York: Pantheon Books.
  • Lactantius Placidus (1898). Lactantii Placidi qui dicitur Commentarios in Statii Thebaida it Commentarium in Achilleida recensuit. Translated by Ricahrd Jahnke. Lipsiae: B. G. Tevbneri.
  • Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1940). A Greek-English Lexicon, revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Online version at Perseus.tufts project.
  • Ovid (1916). Metamorphoses. Loeb Classical Library 42. Vol. I: Books 1-8. Translated by Frank Justus Miller, revised by G. P. Goold. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Roscher, Wilhelm Heinrich (1909). Ausführliches Lexikon der griechischen und römischen Mythologie [Detailed dictionary of Greek and Roman mythology] (in German). Vol. IV. Leipzig: Teubner-Verlag.
  • Sear, David R. (1978). Greek coins and their values. London, UK: Seaby. ISBN 978-0-900652-46-2.
  • Stone, Damien (May 15, 2017). Pomegranate: A Global History. London, UK: Reaktion Books Ltd. ISBN 9781780237954.
  • von Pauly, August Friedrich (1971). Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft: Neue Bearbeitung unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher Fachgenossen (in German). Vol. 17, part 2. Germany: Druckenmüller Verlag.
  • Witczak, Krzysztof Tomasz; Zadka, Małgorzata (2014). "Ancient Greek σίδη as a borrowing from a Pre-Greek substratum/On the Anatolian origin of Ancient Greek σίδη". Graeco-Latina Brunensia. 19 (1–2).

External links edit

  •   The dictionary definition of σίδη at Wiktionary

January 01, 1970
side, daughter, ictinus, this, article, about, transformed, woman, other, uses, side, mythology, greek, mythology, side, ancient, greek, Σίδη, romanized, sídē, pomegranate, pronounced, sǐːdɛː, minor, figure, tried, escape, enamored, father, transformed, into, . This article is about the transformed woman For other uses see Side mythology In Greek mythology Side s aɪ d ɪ SYE dee Ancient Greek Sidh romanized Side lit pomegranate pronounced sǐːdɛː is a minor figure who tried to escape her enamored father and was transformed into a tree in part of an aetiological myth that attempts to explain the nature of trees and birds Her brief tale survives in the works of Dionysius Periegetes an ancient Greek author who is believed to have been born in the city of Alexandria and to have lived around the time of Roman Emperor Hadrian reigned 117 138 AD Contents 1 Etymology 2 Family 3 Mythology 4 Symbolism 5 See also 6 References 7 Bibliography 8 External linksEtymology editThe ancient Greek noun sidh translates to pomegranate 1 and refers to both the tree and its fruit 2 Robert Beekes and Furnee suggest that all of its variant spellings such as sibdh sibde 3imba ximba and sibda sibda point to a Pre Greek origin of the word 3 and Witczak says specifically a Western Anatolian one 4 Family editThe only known member of Side s family is a father named Ictinus 5 Nothing more is known about their family nor is the land her myth takes place ever named as most likely both Side and Ictinus were invented for the sake of this story 6 Mythology editAccording to the myth Side s father Ictinus developed an incestuous desire for his daughter and chased her down with the intention to rape her 7 8 Side fled from him until she reached the gravestone of her dead mother and killed herself on it to avoid his ravenous advances 9 Her red blood spilt on the ground and gave rise to a pomegranate tree while her father himself was transformed into a kite 6 10 11 a bird of prey which according to Oppian hates to rest on pomegranate trees 12 13 Symbolism edit nbsp Coin from Side with a pomegranate circa 490 450 BC Karl Kerenyi compared this story to both the goddess Persephone who was abducted to the Underworld by its king Hades and forced to stay there for several months a year thanks to her consumption of pomegranate fruit and the hunter Orion s first wife Side who angered Hera and was cast in Tartarus as punishment All three stories have in common the theme of a pomegranate related maiden who dies either literally or metaphorically and is led to the Underworld In this Side s case her father Ictinus supplants the subterranean god who seduces rapes the maiden Kerenyi summarized the theme as a woman who has to go down to the Underworld for the benefit of her community 14 The pomegranate fruit was seen as a symbol of fertility and Aphrodite the goddess of love and fertility possibly because its numerable red seeds suggest procreation and sexuality it was also used as birth control 15 Most significantly when it comes to this myth other than the connection it has to kites it has a bright red colour that resembles blood as Side spilt her own when she took her life which then gave rise to the tree 6 An ancient Greek colony in the region of Pamphylia on the southern coast of Anatolia Asia Minor now in Turkey was called Side and coins from that city displayed pomegranate fruits on them 16 17 Other Anatolian cities called Side include one in Caria and another in Pontus Side s myth has also similar elements with those of Nyctaea 18 19 and Nyctimene 20 21 two other women who were transformed into something else in their effort to escape the embraces of their rapacious fathers See also edit nbsp Mythology portal nbsp Ancient Greece portal Corone Daphne Nyctaea NyctimeneReferences edit Hunemorder Christian 2006 Cancik Hubert Schneider Helmuth eds Pomegranate in Brill s New Pauly Antiquity volumes referenceworks brillonline com Translated by Salazar Christine F Hamburg Retrieved February 10 2023 Henry George Liddell Robert Scott A Greek English Lexicon S s si geῖn sidh www perseus tufts edu Retrieved 2023 11 08 Beekes 2010 p 1329 Witczak amp Zadka 2014 pp 113 126 and 131 139 Rosemary M Wright A Dictionary of Classical Mythology Summary of Transformations mythandreligion upatras gr University of Patras Archived from the original on December 30 2022 Retrieved January 3 2023 a b c Forbes Irving 1990 pp 242 243 Stone 2017 p 15 Roscher 1909 p 815 Grimal 1987 s v Side Theocritus 1857 Poetae bucolici et didactici in Latin Didot Garzya 1955 pp 205 206 Folkard 1884 p 500 Bell 1991 p 400 Kerenyi 1967 p 139 Cyrino 2010 pp 63 64 Sear 1978 p 494 Hill 1897 p 81 Lactantius Placidus Jahnke Richard 1898 Lactantii Placidi qvi dicitvr Commentarios in Statii Thebaida it Commentarivm in Achilleida recensvit Ricardvs Jahnke unknown library Lipsiae in aedibvs B G Tevbneri von Pauly 1971 p 1515 Ovid 1916 pp 100 101 lines 2 591 5 Hyginus Fabulae 204 253Bibliography editBeekes Robert S P 2010 Lucien van Beek ed Etymological Dictionary of Greek Leiden Indo European Etymological Dictionary Series Vol II Leiden the Netherlands Brill Publications ISBN 978 90 04 17419 1 Bell Robert E 1991 Women of Classical Mythology A Biographical Dictionary ABC Clio ISBN 9780874365818 Cyrino Monica S June 25 2010 Aphrodite Gods and Heroes of the Ancient World New York and London Routledge ISBN 978 0 415 77523 6 Folkard Richard 1884 Plant Lore Legends and Lyrics Embracing the Myths Traditions Superstitions and Folk lore of the Plant Kingdom Michigan S Low Marston Searle and Rivington Forbes Irving Paul M C 1990 Metamorphosis in Greek Myths Clarendon Press ISBN 0 19 814730 9 Garzya Antonius 1955 Paraphrasis Dionysii Poematis de Aucupio Byzantion 25 27 1 Peeters Publishers JSTOR 195 240 JSTOR 44170039 Retrieved December 28 2022 Grimal Pierre 1987 The Dictionary of Classical Mythology Translated by A R Maxwell Hyslop New York USA Wiley Blackwell ISBN 0 631 13209 0 Hill Sir George Francis 1897 Catalogue of the Greek Coins of Lycia Pamphylia and Pisidia Catalogue of the Greek Coins in the British Museum Vol 19 London UK Trustees of the British Museum Hyginus Gaius Julius The Myths of Hyginus Edited and translated by Mary A Grant Lawrence University of Kansas Press 1960 Kerenyi Karl 1967 Eleusis Archetypal Image of Mother and Daughter Translated by Ralph Manheim New York City New York Pantheon Books Lactantius Placidus 1898 Lactantii Placidi qui dicitur Commentarios in Statii Thebaida it Commentarium in Achilleida recensuit Translated by Ricahrd Jahnke Lipsiae B G Tevbneri Liddell Henry George Scott Robert 1940 A Greek English Lexicon revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie Oxford Clarendon Press Online version at Perseus tufts project Ovid 1916 Metamorphoses Loeb Classical Library 42 Vol I Books 1 8 Translated by Frank Justus Miller revised by G P Goold Cambridge MA Harvard University Press Roscher Wilhelm Heinrich 1909 Ausfuhrliches Lexikon der griechischen und romischen Mythologie Detailed dictionary of Greek and Roman mythology in German Vol IV Leipzig Teubner Verlag Sear David R 1978 Greek coins and their values London UK Seaby ISBN 978 0 900652 46 2 Stone Damien May 15 2017 Pomegranate A Global History London UK Reaktion Books Ltd ISBN 9781780237954 von Pauly August Friedrich 1971 Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft Neue Bearbeitung unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher Fachgenossen in German Vol 17 part 2 Germany Druckenmuller Verlag Witczak Krzysztof Tomasz Zadka Malgorzata 2014 Ancient Greek sidh as a borrowing from a Pre Greek substratum On the Anatolian origin of Ancient Greek sidh Graeco Latina Brunensia 19 1 2 External links edit nbsp The dictionary definition of sidh at Wiktionary Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Side daughter of Ictinus amp oldid 1222175843, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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