fbpx
Wikipedia

Shinsen Shōjiroku

March 15, 2024

Shinsen Shōjiroku (新撰姓氏録, "New Selection and Record of Hereditary Titles and Family Names") is an imperially commissioned Japanese genealogical record. Thirty volumes in length, it was compiled under the order of Emperor Saga by his brother, the Imperial Prince Manta (万多親王, 788–830). Also by Fujiwara no Otsugu and Fujiwara no Sonohito et al. It was initially completed in 814, but underwent a revision to be re-completed in 815.

Contents edit

The book itself has been lost, but its table of contents and fragments remain. According to the preface, the record contains genealogical records for 1182 families living in the Heian-kyo capital and the Kinai region (encompassing Izumi, Kawachi, Setsu, Yamashiro, Yamato), which means "close to capital"; but also warns even this record comprises less than half of all the surnames in circulation there.

Imperial ancestry edit

Known as "Kōubetsu (皇別)" in Japanese,[1] includes 335 families.

  • Scholars have noted that at least one family, the Yoshida family, is listed under "imperial ancestry" but was likely of foreign origin.[2]

Divine ancestry edit

Known as "Shinbetsu (神別)" in Japanese,[1] includes 404 families; of which 246 were of direct heavenly descent claiming to be born of gods who came down to Japan with Ninigi-no-Mikoto, 128 were of heavenly cadet descent, and 30 of 地祇 earthly divine as from gods who already existed in Japan before Ninigi descended.

Foreign ancestry edit

Known as "Shoban (諸蕃)" in Japanese,[1] includes 326 families. The families classified under "foreign" were clans that did not identify with the previously mentioned ancestries and were generally called the "Sankan no Zoku (三韓の族)" or "Families of the Samhan".[3] During the Meiji period, they were also called "Sotobetsu (外別)".

These include (from most to least populated):

  • 163 of Kan/Kara (漢) origin
    • Where "Kan (漢)" is written as the Han dynasty in on’yomi, but in truth were families who could not identify with the other four Korean kingdoms (Goguryeo, Baekje, Silla and Gaya) also known as "Kara (漢)" in kun’yomi.[4] Sources such as the Jinnō Shōtōki reference a record that stated Japan and the Korean kingdoms being the same, a sentiment that is thought to have been carried over until the reign of Emperor Kanmu.

      昔『日本は三韓と同種也』と云事のありし、かの書をば、桓武の御代にやきすてられしなり。
      Originally, it was recorded that "Japan and the Three Kingdoms of Korea are the same" but the book was lost during Emperor Kanmu's reign.

      — Kitabatake Chikafusa, Jinnō Shōtōki
      For example, at the end of the 8th century, a warrior of Baekje descent named Sakanoue no Karitamaro credited the Yamatonoaya clan as his roots during Emperor Kanmu's reign and in an attempt to give further credence, he claimed his ancestor Achi no omi to come from "Korea", hence the reason why his clan is recorded in the book under "Kara".[4]
      • For further context, in Old Japanese, ancient Koreans (and things deriving from Korea) were called "Kara (から)", which under the same kun’yomi used three separate characters "韓", "漢" and "唐". The etymology is thought to have been derived from the "Gaya Confederacy" which was known as "Kara (加羅)" in ancient Japan which later on adopted the aforementioned characters (韓/漢/唐) to represent Korea (and later on China or in general, lands outside of Japan as seen in Karate).
      • In Old Korean, ancient Koreans used two characters of Han (using eumcha/음차), "韓" or "漢" (and to less extent "幹" or "刊") to describe themselves since both words shared the same pronunciation "한 (Han)" meaning "big" or "great" in native Korean[5] which is thought to have derived from the now obsolete adjective "~하다 (Hada)" of the same meaning.
        • Though now obsolete, such is evident in "Jinhan (辰韓)", "Byeonhan (弁韓)", "Mahan (馬韓)", "Hanguk (韓國)", "Hallasan (漢拏山)", "Han River (漢江)", or in "Hanseong (漢城)" an old name for Seoul. On top of place names, Korean used "漢 (Han)" to describe something that was big or have matured as evident in "황소 (Hwangso)" meaning bull evolving from "漢쇼 (Han-sho)" which meant "matured cow". Some place names also carry the meaning as seen in "Hallasan (Reaching big sky Mountain)", "Han River (Big River)" and "Hanseong (Big city/Capital)".
      • All mentioned characters are used separately from Chinese Han (state), Han (NW Zhou state), Han dynasty, Han Chinese and Tang dynasty which also use the same characters in respective languages.
    • Notable clans classified under "Kara" that have been given identified origins by modern historians (from most to least populated):
  • 104 of Baekje origin
  • 41 of Goguryeo origin
  • 9 of Silla origin
  • 9 of Gaya origin

Notes edit

The above categories were further sub-categorized by their present region of registration. A total of 117 families have not been categorized.

Main article: Korean influence on Japanese culture § Notable clans and their descendants

Many Japanese clans and their influential members are said to be descendants of these Korean immigrants, some even becoming ancestors to the Imperial House of Japan.

  • Amenohiboko of Silla was the ancestor to Empress Jingū's mother, Kazurakinotakanuka-hime (葛城高額媛). His lineage was continued when Empress Jingū later gave birth to Emperor Ōjin.
  • Muryeong of Baekje was the ancestor to Emperor Kanmu's mother, Takano no Niigasa who was later honored posthumously after her son became the Emperor of Japan and thus, the Korean influence in the Japanese Imperial line was introduced once again. Kanmu's lineage was carried over to many clans such as the Oda clan which is famous for its head, Oda Nobunaga, a daimyō and one of the leading figures of the Sengoku period. In addition, the Minamoto clan became the latest clan of the lineage which later survived as a surname in modern times.
    • Due to Korea's profound impact on the Imperial House of Japan throughout its history, Emperor Akihito told reporters in 2001 "I, on my part, feel a certain kinship with Korea, given the fact that it is recorded in the Chronicles of Japan that the Emperor Kammu's mother was one of the descendant of King Muryong of Baekje".[7]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c "Shinsen Shōjiroku • . A History . . of Japan . 日本歴史". . A History . . of Japan . 日本歴史. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
  2. ^ Murayama 1983 : 49.
  3. ^ Shimonaka, Hiro, ed. (1997). Nihonshi daijiten = Cyclopedia of Japanese history. 3: Ko - Shi (Shohan dai 3 satsu ed.). Tōkyō: Heibonsha. ISBN 978-4-582-13103-1.
  4. ^ a b 『古代国家と天皇』創元社、1957年
  5. ^ "한". Namu (in Korean).
  6. ^ 鈴木, 靖民 (1984-11-14). 渡来人・渡来系氏族人物事典 (in Japanese). Japan: 新人物往来社. p. 201.
  7. ^ "Guardian". TheGuardian.com.

Bibliography edit

  • Kubota, Jun (2007). Iwanami Nihon Koten Bungaku Jiten [Iwanami dictionary of Japanese classical literature] (in Japanese). Iwanami Shoten. ISBN 978-4-00-080310-6.
  • Nihon Koten Bungaku Daijiten: Kan'yakuban [A Comprehensive Dictionary of Classical Japanese Literature: Concise Edition]. Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten. 1986. ISBN 4-00-080067-1.
  • Murayama, Izuru 1983 (23rd ed. 2005) Ōtomo no Tabito, Yamanoue no Okura: Yūshū to Kunō. Tokyo : Shintensha.

External links edit

    March 15, 2024
    shinsen, shōjiroku, 新撰姓氏録, selection, record, hereditary, titles, family, names, imperially, commissioned, japanese, genealogical, record, thirty, volumes, length, compiled, under, order, emperor, saga, brother, imperial, prince, manta, 万多親王, also, fujiwara, o. Shinsen Shōjiroku 新撰姓氏録 New Selection and Record of Hereditary Titles and Family Names is an imperially commissioned Japanese genealogical record Thirty volumes in length it was compiled under the order of Emperor Saga by his brother the Imperial Prince Manta 万多親王 788 830 Also by Fujiwara no Otsugu and Fujiwara no Sonohito et al It was initially completed in 814 but underwent a revision to be re completed in 815 Contents 1 Contents 1 1 Imperial ancestry 1 2 Divine ancestry 1 3 Foreign ancestry 2 Notes 3 References 4 Bibliography 5 External linksContents editThe book itself has been lost but its table of contents and fragments remain According to the preface the record contains genealogical records for 1182 families living in the Heian kyo capital and the Kinai region encompassing Izumi Kawachi Setsu Yamashiro Yamato which means close to capital but also warns even this record comprises less than half of all the surnames in circulation there Imperial ancestry edit Known as Kōubetsu 皇別 in Japanese 1 includes 335 families Scholars have noted that at least one family the Yoshida family is listed under imperial ancestry but was likely of foreign origin 2 Divine ancestry edit Known as Shinbetsu 神別 in Japanese 1 includes 404 families of which 246 were of direct heavenly descent claiming to be born of gods who came down to Japan with Ninigi no Mikoto 128 were of heavenly cadet descent and 30 of 地祇 earthly divine as from gods who already existed in Japan before Ninigi descended Foreign ancestry edit Known as Shoban 諸蕃 in Japanese 1 includes 326 families The families classified under foreign were clans that did not identify with the previously mentioned ancestries and were generally called the Sankan no Zoku 三韓の族 or Families of the Samhan 3 During the Meiji period they were also called Sotobetsu 外別 These include from most to least populated 163 of Kan Kara 漢 origin Where Kan 漢 is written as the Han dynasty in on yomi but in truth were families who could not identify with the other four Korean kingdoms Goguryeo Baekje Silla and Gaya also known as Kara 漢 in kun yomi 4 Sources such as the Jinnō Shōtōki reference a record that stated Japan and the Korean kingdoms being the same a sentiment that is thought to have been carried over until the reign of Emperor Kanmu 昔 日本は三韓と同種也 と云事のありし かの書をば 桓武の御代にやきすてられしなり Originally it was recorded that Japan and the Three Kingdoms of Korea are the same but the book was lost during Emperor Kanmu s reign Kitabatake Chikafusa Jinnō ShōtōkiFor example at the end of the 8th century a warrior of Baekje descent named Sakanoue no Karitamaro credited the Yamatonoaya clan as his roots during Emperor Kanmu s reign and in an attempt to give further credence he claimed his ancestor Achi no omi to come from Korea hence the reason why his clan is recorded in the book under Kara 4 For further context in Old Japanese ancient Koreans and things deriving from Korea were called Kara から which under the same kun yomi used three separate characters 韓 漢 and 唐 The etymology is thought to have been derived from the Gaya Confederacy which was known as Kara 加羅 in ancient Japan which later on adopted the aforementioned characters 韓 漢 唐 to represent Korea and later on China or in general lands outside of Japan as seen in Karate In Old Korean ancient Koreans used two characters of Han using eumcha 음차 韓 or 漢 and to less extent 幹 or 刊 to describe themselves since both words shared the same pronunciation 한 Han meaning big or great in native Korean 5 which is thought to have derived from the now obsolete adjective 하다 Hada of the same meaning Though now obsolete such is evident in Jinhan 辰韓 Byeonhan 弁韓 Mahan 馬韓 Hanguk 韓國 Hallasan 漢拏山 Han River 漢江 or in Hanseong 漢城 an old name for Seoul On top of place names Korean used 漢 Han to describe something that was big or have matured as evident in 황소 Hwangso meaning bull evolving from 漢쇼 Han sho which meant matured cow Some place names also carry the meaning as seen in Hallasan Reaching big sky Mountain Han River Big River and Hanseong Big city Capital All mentioned characters are used separately from Chinese Han state Han NW Zhou state Han dynasty Han Chinese and Tang dynasty which also use the same characters in respective languages Notable clans classified under Kara that have been given identified origins by modern historians from most to least populated Hata clan Immigrant clan founded by Yuzuki no Kimi originating from Silla Yamatonoaya clan Immigrant clan founded by Achi no omi originating from Baekje Kawachinofumi clan 西文氏 and Kawachinoaya clan 西漢氏 Immigrant clans founded by Wani originating from Baekje Kudara no Konikishi clan Immigrant clan originating from Baekje Tarisusu clan 多利須須氏 Immigrant clan originating from Baekje Shamonei clan 沙門詠氏 Immigrant clan originating from Baekje Mantoku no Omi clan 万徳使主氏 Immigrant clan originating from Goryeo 6 Hachida no Kusushi clan 蜂田薬師氏 Immigrant clan originating from Baekje Others Unclassified 104 of Baekje origin 41 of Goguryeo origin 9 of Silla origin 9 of Gaya originNotes editThe above categories were further sub categorized by their present region of registration A total of 117 families have not been categorized Main article Korean influence on Japanese culture Notable clans and their descendants Many Japanese clans and their influential members are said to be descendants of these Korean immigrants some even becoming ancestors to the Imperial House of Japan Amenohiboko of Silla was the ancestor to Empress Jingu s mother Kazurakinotakanuka hime 葛城高額媛 His lineage was continued when Empress Jingu later gave birth to Emperor Ōjin Muryeong of Baekje was the ancestor to Emperor Kanmu s mother Takano no Niigasa who was later honored posthumously after her son became the Emperor of Japan and thus the Korean influence in the Japanese Imperial line was introduced once again Kanmu s lineage was carried over to many clans such as the Oda clan which is famous for its head Oda Nobunaga a daimyō and one of the leading figures of the Sengoku period In addition the Minamoto clan became the latest clan of the lineage which later survived as a surname in modern times Due to Korea s profound impact on the Imperial House of Japan throughout its history Emperor Akihito told reporters in 2001 I on my part feel a certain kinship with Korea given the fact that it is recorded in the Chronicles of Japan that the Emperor Kammu s mother was one of the descendant of King Muryong of Baekje 7 References edit a b c Shinsen Shōjiroku A History of Japan 日本歴史 A History of Japan 日本歴史 Retrieved 2021 12 07 Murayama 1983 49 Shimonaka Hiro ed 1997 Nihonshi daijiten Cyclopedia of Japanese history 3 Ko Shi Shohan dai 3 satsu ed Tōkyō Heibonsha ISBN 978 4 582 13103 1 a b 古代国家と天皇 創元社 1957年 한 Namu in Korean 鈴木 靖民 1984 11 14 渡来人 渡来系氏族人物事典 in Japanese Japan 新人物往来社 p 201 Guardian TheGuardian com Bibliography editKubota Jun 2007 Iwanami Nihon Koten Bungaku Jiten Iwanami dictionary of Japanese classical literature in Japanese Iwanami Shoten ISBN 978 4 00 080310 6 Nihon Koten Bungaku Daijiten Kan yakuban A Comprehensive Dictionary of Classical Japanese Literature Concise Edition Tōkyō Iwanami Shoten 1986 ISBN 4 00 080067 1 Murayama Izuru 1983 23rd ed 2005 Ōtomo no Tabito Yamanoue no Okura Yushu to Kunō Tokyo Shintensha External links editShinsen Shōjiroku an online edition Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Shinsen Shōjiroku amp oldid 1212346567, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

    article

    , read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.