Wayō (和様, lit. Japanese style) is a Buddhist architectural style developed in Japan before the Kamakura period (1185－1333), and is one of the important Buddhist architectural styles in Japan along with Daibutsuyō and the Zenshūyō, which were developed based on Chinese architectural styles from the Kamakura period. This style originated in the Asuka (538－710) and Nara period (710－794), when Japanese studied Buddhist architecture of the Tang dynasty, and was improved in the Heian period (794－1185) to suit the Japanese climate and aesthetic sense. After the Kamakura period, the Wayō developed into the Shin-wayō style by combining it with the Daibutsuyō, and further developed into the Setchūyō by combining it with the Zenshūyō, and pure Wayō architecture decreased.[1][2]
The name was coined later, during the Kamakura period when the other two styles were born.[3] Because by then the style was considered to be native, the term started to be used to distinguish older styles from those just arrived from China.[4] It was characterized by simplicity, refraining from ornamentation, use of natural timber and in general plain materials. Structurally, it was distinguished by a main hall divided in two parts, an outer area for novices and an inner area for initiates, a hip-and-gable roof covering both areas, a raised wooden floor instead of the tile or stone floors of earlier temples, extended eaves to cover the front steps; shingles or bark rather than tile roofing; and a disposition of the shichidō garan adapting to the natural environment, rather than following the symmetrical layouts prevalent for example in Zen temples.[5][6]
During the Heian period temples were built using only non-penetrating tie beams (nageshi (長押)) made to fit around columns and pillars and nailed. The daibutsuyō style, first, and the zenshūyō style, later, replaced them with penetrating tie-beams (nuki (長押)), which actually pierced the column, and were therefore much more effective against earthquakes.[7][8] The nageshi was, however, retained as a purely decorative element.[9]
Temples in this style, uninfluenced by the later styles, can be found mostly in the Kansai region, and particularly in Nara.
Shin-Wayōedit
During the Muromachi period, the combination of wayō with elements of the daibutsuyō style became so frequent that sometimes it is called by scholars Shin-wayō (新和様, new wayō).[10]
Nishi, Kazuo; Hozumi, Kazuo (1996) [1983]. What is Japanese architecture? (illustrated ed.). Kodansha International. ISBN4-7700-1992-0. Retrieved 2009-11-11.
Young, David; Young, Michiko (2007) [2004]. The art of Japanese architecture. Architecture and Interior Design (illustrated, revised ed.). Tuttle Publishing. ISBN978-0-8048-3838-2. Retrieved 2009-11-11.
Young, David; Young, Michiko Kimura; Yew, Tan Hong (2004). Introduction to Japanese architecture. Periplus Asian architecture (illustrated ed.). Tuttle Publishing. ISBN0-7946-0100-6. Retrieved 2010-01-11.
January 01, 1970
wayō, wayo, redirects, here, other, uses, wayo, disambiguation, 和様, japanese, style, buddhist, architectural, style, developed, japan, before, kamakura, period, 1185, 1333, important, buddhist, architectural, styles, japan, along, with, daibutsuyō, zenshūyō, w. Wayo redirects here For other uses see WAYO disambiguation Wayō 和様 lit Japanese style is a Buddhist architectural style developed in Japan before the Kamakura period 1185 1333 and is one of the important Buddhist architectural styles in Japan along with Daibutsuyō and the Zenshuyō which were developed based on Chinese architectural styles from the Kamakura period This style originated in the Asuka 538 710 and Nara period 710 794 when Japanese studied Buddhist architecture of the Tang dynasty and was improved in the Heian period 794 1185 to suit the Japanese climate and aesthetic sense After the Kamakura period the Wayō developed into the Shin wayō style by combining it with the Daibutsuyō and further developed into the Setchuyō by combining it with the Zenshuyō and pure Wayō architecture decreased 1 2 Ichijō ji s pagoda is an example of the wayō style Contents 1 Overview 2 Shin Wayō 3 See also 4 References 5 BibliographyOverview editThe name was coined later during the Kamakura period when the other two styles were born 3 Because by then the style was considered to be native the term started to be used to distinguish older styles from those just arrived from China 4 It was characterized by simplicity refraining from ornamentation use of natural timber and in general plain materials Structurally it was distinguished by a main hall divided in two parts an outer area for novices and an inner area for initiates a hip and gable roof covering both areas a raised wooden floor instead of the tile or stone floors of earlier temples extended eaves to cover the front steps shingles or bark rather than tile roofing and a disposition of the shichidō garan adapting to the natural environment rather than following the symmetrical layouts prevalent for example in Zen temples 5 6 During the Heian period temples were built using only non penetrating tie beams nageshi 長押 made to fit around columns and pillars and nailed The daibutsuyō style first and the zenshuyō style later replaced them with penetrating tie beams nuki 長押 which actually pierced the column and were therefore much more effective against earthquakes 7 8 The nageshi was however retained as a purely decorative element 9 Temples in this style uninfluenced by the later styles can be found mostly in the Kansai region and particularly in Nara Shin Wayō editDuring the Muromachi period the combination of wayō with elements of the daibutsuyō style became so frequent that sometimes it is called by scholars Shin wayō 新和様 new wayō 10 See also editJapanese Buddhist architecture Heian period SetchuyōReferences edit Wayo kenchiku Kotobank Setchuyō Kotobank Parent Mary Neighbour Wayou Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System Retrieved 2011 04 17 Nishi amp Hozumi 1996 p 23 Young amp Young 2007 p 44 Young Young amp Yew 2004 p 47 Hamashima Masashi 1999 Jisha Kenchiku no Kanshō Kiso Chishiki in Japanese Tokyo Shibundō p 160 Nishi amp Hozumi 1996 pp 24 25 Parent Mary Neighbour Nageshi Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System Retrieved 2011 04 06 Nishi amp Hozumi 1996 p 29 Bibliography edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wayō Nishi Kazuo Hozumi Kazuo 1996 1983 What is Japanese architecture illustrated ed Kodansha International ISBN 4 7700 1992 0 Retrieved 2009 11 11 Young David Young Michiko 2007 2004 The art of Japanese architecture Architecture and Interior Design illustrated revised ed Tuttle Publishing ISBN 978 0 8048 3838 2 Retrieved 2009 11 11 Young David Young Michiko Kimura Yew Tan Hong 2004 Introduction to Japanese architecture Periplus Asian architecture illustrated ed Tuttle Publishing ISBN 0 7946 0100 6 Retrieved 2010 01 11 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Wayō amp oldid 1176506553, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
