Shi'r (Arabic: مجلة شعر, lit. 'Poetry') was an avant-garde and modernist monthly literary magazine with a special reference to poetry. The magazine was published in Beirut, Lebanon, between 1957 and 1970 with a three-year interruption. The founders were two leading literary figures: Yusuf al-Khal and Adunis. It was named after Harriet Monroe’s Chicago-based magazine, Poetry.[1]
Shi'r was started in Beirut in 1957, and the first issue appeared in January.[2][3] Its founders were Yusuf al-Khal, Adunis[4] and Unsi Al Hajj.[5] The magazine was significantly affected from Ahmed Zaki Abu Shadi's the Apollo Poet Society founded in Cairo, Egypt, in 1932.[6]Salma Khadra Jayyusi argues that Shi'r is, in fact, the successor of Apollo which was the publication of this society.[7] It was started as a quarterly,[1] but later its frequency was switched to monthly.[4]
The goal of Shi'r which was an avant-garde journal was to present a non-political version of poetry.[4] This version of poetry is called Al Shi'r al Hurr (Arabic: Free Poetry)[7] which refers to prose poetry.[8] It also attempted to revive Arabic poetry and to reshape it away from formalism.[9] The magazine adopted a modernist approach towards poetry.[1] Its another aim was to encourage the Afro-Asian solidarity and nonalignment which had been stated in the Bandung Conference in 1955.[10] The magazine organized poetry meetings each Thursday at the Plaza Hotel in Hamra Street.[11] It frequently published translations of the Vietnamese literary work.[12]
Although both were avant-garde publications and supported free verse movement, Al Adab, a literary magazine established in Beirut in 1953, was the main adversary of Shi'r.[13] Because the contributors of Shi'r opposed the movement of committed literature (al-adab al-multazim in Arabic), a dominant approach in the 1950s and 1960s in the Arab world which was also supported by Al Adab.[4] The Al Adab contributors claimed that Shi'r had detrimental effects on the traditional heritage of Arabic literature.[9]
Shi'r was banned in some countries due to its alleged support for the cultural war against Arab nationalism and its being funded by the CIA and French intelligence.[4] It was temporarily shut down in 1964 and was restarted in Spring 1967.[2][3] In the second phase al-Khal also served as the editor-in-chief of the magazine of which the scope was expanded to cover other literary subjects in addition to poetry.[2]Shi'r ceased publication in Autumn 1970[2] after publishing forty-four issues.[1]
Editors and contributorsedit
Al-Khal was the editor-in-chief of Shi'r.[2] Adunis served in different positions: at the beginning he was the editor and from 1958 he began to function as the secretary of the editorial board.[2] He became the managing editor in 1961 and co-owner and co-editor-in-chief of Shi'r in 1963.[2] However, he left the magazine soon after these roles.[2]
Kamal Kheir Beik analyzed Shi'r in his PhD thesis which was completed at the University of Geneva in 1972.[17] Another comprehensive study on Shi'r is a book by Dounia Badini published in 2009.[1]
^Jens Hanssen; Hicham Safieddine (Spring 2016). "Lebanon's al-Akhbar and Radical Press Culture: Toward an Intellectual History of the Contemporary Arab Left". The Arab Studies Journal. 24 (1): 196. JSTOR 44746852.
^ abSalma Khadra Jayyusi (1977). Trends and Movements in Modern Arabic Poetry. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 569, 602. ISBN978-90-04-04920-8.
^S. Moreh (July 1968). "Poetry in Prose (al-Shi'r al-Manthūr) in Modern Arabic Literature". Middle Eastern studies. 4 (4): 353. doi:10.1080/00263206808700109. JSTOR 4282260.
^ abcMirene Arsanioos (1 November 2011). "Comparative Notes on the Cultural Magazine in Lebanon". Ibraaz. No. 2. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
^Monica Popescu (2020). At Penpoint. African Literatures, Postcolonial Studies, and the Cold War. Durham, NC; London: Duke University Press. p. 48. doi:10.1515/9781478012153. ISBN978-1-4780-0940-5. S2CID 241238726.
^Fawwaz Traboulsi (2012). "From Social Crisis to Civil War (1968–1975)". A History of Modern Lebanon (2nd ed.). London: Pluto Press. p. 179. doi:10.2307/j.ctt183p4f5.16. ISBN9780745332741. JSTOR j.ctt183p4f5.16.
^Rebecca C. Johnson (2021). "Cross-Revolutionary Reading: Visions of Vietnam in the Transnational Arab Avant-Garde". Comparative Literature. 73 (3): 361. doi:10.1215/00104124-8993990.
^Yvonne Albers (26 July 2018). . Eurozine. Archived from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
^ abCarl C. Yonker (2021). The Rise and Fall of Greater Syria A Political History of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party. Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter. p. 250. doi:10.1515/9783110729092-005. ISBN9783110729092. S2CID 242711638.
^Peter Clark (18 January 2008). "Obituary: Sargon Boulus: Iraqi poet who joined the Beat generation". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 February 2022.
^Maureen O’Rourke (2009). The Experience of Exile in Modern Arab Poetry (PhD thesis). University of London. p. 169. doi:10.25501/SOAS.00028768.
^Salma Harland (3 March 2021). "Two Poems by Kamal Kheir Beik". ArabLit Quarterly.
January 01, 1970
19th, century, rabbinic, scholar, solomon, judah, loeb, rapoport, arabic, مجلة, شعر, poetry, avant, garde, modernist, monthly, literary, magazine, with, special, reference, poetry, magazine, published, beirut, lebanon, between, 1957, 1970, with, three, year, i. For the 19th century rabbinic scholar see Solomon Judah Loeb Rapoport Shi r Arabic مجلة شعر lit Poetry was an avant garde and modernist monthly literary magazine with a special reference to poetry The magazine was published in Beirut Lebanon between 1957 and 1970 with a three year interruption The founders were two leading literary figures Yusuf al Khal and Adunis It was named after Harriet Monroe s Chicago based magazine Poetry 1 Shi rCategoriesPoetry literary magazineFrequencyQuarterlyMonthlyFounderYusuf al KhalAdunisUnsi Al HajjFounded1957First issueJanuary 1957Final issueAutumn 1970CountryLebanonBased inBeirutLanguageArabic Contents 1 History and profile 2 Editors and contributors 2 1 Studies on Shi r 3 ReferencesHistory and profile editShi r was started in Beirut in 1957 and the first issue appeared in January 2 3 Its founders were Yusuf al Khal Adunis 4 and Unsi Al Hajj 5 The magazine was significantly affected from Ahmed Zaki Abu Shadi s the Apollo Poet Society founded in Cairo Egypt in 1932 6 Salma Khadra Jayyusi argues that Shi r is in fact the successor of Apollo which was the publication of this society 7 It was started as a quarterly 1 but later its frequency was switched to monthly 4 The goal of Shi r which was an avant garde journal was to present a non political version of poetry 4 This version of poetry is called Al Shi r al Hurr Arabic Free Poetry 7 which refers to prose poetry 8 It also attempted to revive Arabic poetry and to reshape it away from formalism 9 The magazine adopted a modernist approach towards poetry 1 Its another aim was to encourage the Afro Asian solidarity and nonalignment which had been stated in the Bandung Conference in 1955 10 The magazine organized poetry meetings each Thursday at the Plaza Hotel in Hamra Street 11 It frequently published translations of the Vietnamese literary work 12 Although both were avant garde publications and supported free verse movement Al Adab a literary magazine established in Beirut in 1953 was the main adversary of Shi r 13 Because the contributors of Shi r opposed the movement of committed literature al adab al multazim in Arabic a dominant approach in the 1950s and 1960s in the Arab world which was also supported by Al Adab 4 The Al Adab contributors claimed that Shi r had detrimental effects on the traditional heritage of Arabic literature 9 Shi r was banned in some countries due to its alleged support for the cultural war against Arab nationalism and its being funded by the CIA and French intelligence 4 It was temporarily shut down in 1964 and was restarted in Spring 1967 2 3 In the second phase al Khal also served as the editor in chief of the magazine of which the scope was expanded to cover other literary subjects in addition to poetry 2 Shi r ceased publication in Autumn 1970 2 after publishing forty four issues 1 Editors and contributors editAl Khal was the editor in chief of Shi r 2 Adunis served in different positions at the beginning he was the editor and from 1958 he began to function as the secretary of the editorial board 2 He became the managing editor in 1961 and co owner and co editor in chief of Shi r in 1963 2 However he left the magazine soon after these roles 2 The contributors were part of the Shi r school and the magazine was an organ of this movement 6 They were also related to the Syrian Social Nationalist Party 14 The latter group included Adunis Kamal Kheir Beik and Muhammad Maghut 14 Sargon Boulus an Iraq born Assyrian poet started his career in Shi r in 1961 15 Fouad Refka and Jabra Ibrahim Jabra were among the contributors of the magazine 9 Palestinian poet Tawfiq Sayigh also published a poem in the magazine in 1961 16 Studies on Shi r edit Kamal Kheir Beik analyzed Shi r in his PhD thesis which was completed at the University of Geneva in 1972 17 Another comprehensive study on Shi r is a book by Dounia Badini published in 2009 1 References edit a b c d e Robyn Creswell 2019 City of Beginnings Poetic Modernism in Beirut Princeton NJ Princeton University Press pp 117 204 ISBN 9780691185149 a b c d e f g h Ed de Moor 2000 The rise and fall of the review shi r Quaderni di Studi Arabi 18 85 96 JSTOR 25802897 a b Basilius Bawardi November 2019 The Magazine Shi r and the Poetics of Modern Arabic Poetry Book summary Peter Lang a b c d e Mark D Luce 2017 Shi r Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism doi 10 4324 9781135000356 REM1626 1 ISBN 9781135000356 Jens Hanssen Hicham Safieddine Spring 2016 Lebanon s al Akhbar and Radical Press Culture Toward an Intellectual History of the Contemporary Arab Left The Arab Studies Journal 24 1 196 JSTOR 44746852 a b John Haywood 1978 Book review Die Welt des Islams 18 3 4 236 JSTOR 1570475 a b Salma Khadra Jayyusi 1977 Trends and Movements in Modern Arabic Poetry Leiden E J Brill pp 569 602 ISBN 978 90 04 04920 8 S Moreh July 1968 Poetry in Prose al Shi r al Manthur in Modern Arabic Literature Middle Eastern studies 4 4 353 doi 10 1080 00263206808700109 JSTOR 4282260 a b c Mirene Arsanioos 1 November 2011 Comparative Notes on the Cultural Magazine in Lebanon Ibraaz No 2 Retrieved 16 May 2023 Monica Popescu 2020 At Penpoint African Literatures Postcolonial Studies and the Cold War Durham NC London Duke University Press p 48 doi 10 1515 9781478012153 ISBN 978 1 4780 0940 5 S2CID 241238726 Fawwaz Traboulsi 2012 From Social Crisis to Civil War 1968 1975 A History of Modern Lebanon 2nd ed London Pluto Press p 179 doi 10 2307 j ctt183p4f5 16 ISBN 9780745332741 JSTOR j ctt183p4f5 16 Rebecca C Johnson 2021 Cross Revolutionary Reading Visions of Vietnam in the Transnational Arab Avant Garde Comparative Literature 73 3 361 doi 10 1215 00104124 8993990 Yvonne Albers 26 July 2018 Start stop begin again The journal Mawaqif and Arab intellectual positions since 1968 Eurozine Archived from the original on 17 April 2021 Retrieved 10 February 2022 a b Carl C Yonker 2021 The Rise and Fall of Greater Syria A Political History of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party Berlin Boston De Gruyter p 250 doi 10 1515 9783110729092 005 ISBN 9783110729092 S2CID 242711638 Peter Clark 18 January 2008 Obituary Sargon Boulus Iraqi poet who joined the Beat generation The Guardian Retrieved 9 February 2022 Maureen O Rourke 2009 The Experience of Exile in Modern Arab Poetry PhD thesis University of London p 169 doi 10 25501 SOAS 00028768 Salma Harland 3 March 2021 Two Poems by Kamal Kheir Beik ArabLit Quarterly Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Shi 27r amp oldid 1218736208, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
