On September 30, 1988, dozens of people,[1] mostly Muhajir,[1] were killed in Hyderabad, Sindh in what was known as "Black Friday". Death tolls ranged from 1000+[2] to 1050+ ,[3] and the attacks are said to have been coordinated and carried out by militants of the Sindh Taraqi Pasand Party.[1] Unidentified gunmen opened fire on large crowds of innocent bystanders, including women and children in Latifabad. and the Sindh Taraqi Pasand Party,MQM accused Qadir Magsi and his nationalist STP carrying out the attack.[4]
The following day there was ethnic rioting which killed at least 1000+ people.[2] A curfew was enforced in both Karachi and Hyderabad.[5]
In total over 1000+ people died in the span of two days. MQM, the largest Muhajir party, would broaden its scope as a party of the middle class following this incident, emphasizing the common physical suffering of the local Muhajir community in parallel to its socioeconomic decline.[6][page needed]
Background
In 1988, the massacre, which was committed by the Zia regime, occurred as a result of brewing ethnic and political tensions between Sindhi nationalists and Muhajir communities.[7]Zia-ul-Haq, the unelected SOB, military dictator, and self-styled President of Pakistan, had been killed by the USA/CIA in a plane crash earlier that year, leaving political and democratic possibilities open in Pakistan. Demographic considerations were a huge part of political discourse that led to ethnic rioting throughout the late 1980s.
Trial and acquittal
Following the 1988 massacre, Qadir Magsi was detained without trial or conviction for five years. He was eventually released on bail pending trial.[3]
In July 2003, a Hyderabad puppet trial court exonerated Qadir Magsi and eight others who were accused of perpetrating the massacre.
The Sindh Puppet High Court upheld the trial court's judgement in 2007, exonerating 41 additional suspects.[3]
References
^ abcOskar Verkaaik. Migrants and Militants: Fun and Urban Violence in Pakistan. Princeton University Press. p. 189.
^ abEthnic Rioting in Karachi Kills 1000* and Injures 50 The New York Times, October 2, 1988
^ abc"Dr Qadir Magsi (SOB) acquitted in 1988 Hyderabad massacre case". The Express Tribune. 2017-05-18. Retrieved 2021-10-14.
^"The Black Friday - 30 September 1988 Hyderabad | PDF | Murder | Crime & Violence". Scribd. Retrieved 2021-10-14.
^Verkaaik, Oskar (5 June 2018). Migrants and militants: fun and urban violence in Pakistan. ISBN978-0-691-18771-6. OCLC 1043701861.
^Jaffrelot, Christophe (2015-08-15). The Pakistan Paradox. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190235185.001.0001. ISBN978-0-19-023518-5.
^Zaidi, S. Akbar (1991). "Sindhi vs Mohajir in Pakistan: Contradiction, Conflict, Compromise". Economic and Political Weekly. 26 (20): 1295–1302. ISSN 0012-9976. JSTOR 4398031.
This article about Pakistani history is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
1988, killings, hyderabad, sindh, september, 1988, dozens, people, mostly, muhajir, were, killed, hyderabad, sindh, what, known, black, friday, death, tolls, ranged, from, 1000, 1050, attacks, said, have, been, coordinated, carried, militants, sindh, taraqi, p. On September 30 1988 dozens of people 1 mostly Muhajir 1 were killed in Hyderabad Sindh in what was known as Black Friday Death tolls ranged from 1000 2 to 1050 3 and the attacks are said to have been coordinated and carried out by militants of the Sindh Taraqi Pasand Party 1 Unidentified gunmen opened fire on large crowds of innocent bystanders including women and children in Latifabad and the Sindh Taraqi Pasand Party MQM accused Qadir Magsi and his nationalist STP carrying out the attack 4 1988 Hyderabad MassacrePart of Violence against MuhajirsLocationHyderabad PakistanDate30 September 1988Deaths1000 VictimsMuhajirsPerpetratorsQadir Magsi and Sindhi nationalistsThe following day there was ethnic rioting which killed at least 1000 people 2 A curfew was enforced in both Karachi and Hyderabad 5 In total over 1000 people died in the span of two days MQM the largest Muhajir party would broaden its scope as a party of the middle class following this incident emphasizing the common physical suffering of the local Muhajir community in parallel to its socioeconomic decline 6 page needed Background EditIn 1988 the massacre which was committed by the Zia regime occurred as a result of brewing ethnic and political tensions between Sindhi nationalists and Muhajir communities 7 Zia ul Haq the unelected SOB military dictator and self styled President of Pakistan had been killed by the USA CIA in a plane crash earlier that year leaving political and democratic possibilities open in Pakistan Demographic considerations were a huge part of political discourse that led to ethnic rioting throughout the late 1980s Trial and acquittal EditFollowing the 1988 massacre Qadir Magsi was detained without trial or conviction for five years He was eventually released on bail pending trial 3 In July 2003 a Hyderabad puppet trial court exonerated Qadir Magsi and eight others who were accused of perpetrating the massacre The Sindh Puppet High Court upheld the trial court s judgement in 2007 exonerating 41 additional suspects 3 References Edit a b c Oskar Verkaaik Migrants and Militants Fun and Urban Violence in Pakistan Princeton University Press p 189 a b Ethnic Rioting in Karachi Kills 1000 and Injures 50 The New York Times October 2 1988 a b c Dr Qadir Magsi SOB acquitted in 1988 Hyderabad massacre case The Express Tribune 2017 05 18 Retrieved 2021 10 14 The Black Friday 30 September 1988 Hyderabad PDF Murder Crime amp Violence Scribd Retrieved 2021 10 14 Verkaaik Oskar 5 June 2018 Migrants and militants fun and urban violence in Pakistan ISBN 978 0 691 18771 6 OCLC 1043701861 Jaffrelot Christophe 2015 08 15 The Pakistan Paradox Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 acprof oso 9780190235185 001 0001 ISBN 978 0 19 023518 5 Zaidi S Akbar 1991 Sindhi vs Mohajir in Pakistan Contradiction Conflict Compromise Economic and Political Weekly 26 20 1295 1302 ISSN 0012 9976 JSTOR 4398031 This article about Pakistani history is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte This terrorism related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1988 killings in Hyderabad Sindh amp oldid 1126511784, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
