This article is about the family of saltwater fish. For freshwater wolf fish, see Erythrinidae.
Anarhichadidae, the wolffishes, sea wolves or wolf eels, is a family of marine ray finned fishes belonging to the orderScorpaeniformes. These are predatory, eel shaped fishes which are native to the cold waters of the Arctic, North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans.
Anarhichadidae was first proposed as a family in 1832 by the French zoologistCharles Lucien Bonaparte.[1] The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies this family within the suborderZoarcoidei, within the order Scorpaeniformes.[3] Other authorities classify this family in the infraorder Zoarcales within the suborder Cottoidei of the Perciformes because removing the Scorpaeniformes from the Perciformes renders that taxon non monophyletic.[4]
Etymologyedit
Anarhichadidae is derived from the name of its type genusAnarhichas which is an Ancient Greek name for the Atlantic wolffish (A. lupus) and means "the climber", in turn derived from the Greek anarrhichesis which means "to climb or scramble up". This may be an allusion to the ancient belief that wolffishes left the water and climbed up on the rocks.[5]
Genera and speciesedit
Anarhichadidae contains two genera and five species:[2][6]
Anarhichadidae wolfishes have a largely compressed and, in the genus Anarhichas, a moderately elongate body. Anarrhichthys has an extremely elongate body, and this has given rise to its common name of wolf-eel. The long dorsal fin starts at the head and has many flexible spines and soft rays. The anal fin may have a single spine in Anarrhichthys, and again there is a large number of soft rays. The caudal fin is separate from the other median fins in Anarhichas but they are all three joined in Anarrhichthys. There is a single pair of nostrils. The scales, if present, are cycloid, tiny and do not overlap. There are well developed. movement sensitive sensory canals on the head and as the fish ages the pores grow very large. There are 1 or 2 lateral lines made up of superficial neuromasts.[2] There are robust conical teeth in the front of the jaws and large molar like teeth to the rear of those.[3] The gill membranes are joined to the isthmus and the gill openings are set widely apart. There is no swim bladder. The counts of vertebrae are 72–89 in Anarhichas and 221–251 in Anarrhichthys.[7] The longest published total length is for Anarrhichthys ocellatus and is 240 cm (94 in).[2]
Distribution and habitatedit
Anarhichadidae wolfishes prefer cooler waters and are found in the northern parts of the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans as well as in the Arctic Ocean.[3] They are demersal fishes occurring in shallow to moderately deep and cold seas.[2]
Biologyedit
Anarhichadidae wolffishes use their large teeth to feed on a diet of shelled invertebrates such as crabs, starfishes and sea urchins, as well as other prey,[8] The peak mating season for wolffish is September to October. The male wolffish will guard the eggs 3–9 months until they hatch.[9]
Fisheriesedit
Anarhichadidae wolffishes, in particular two Atlantic species, the spotted wolffish and the Atlantic wolffish, are targeted by commercial fisheries. The flesh is used for food and the skin to make leather.[7]
Referencesedit
^ abRichard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of Recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 001–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.
^ abcdeFroese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2022). "Anarhichadidae" in FishBase. February 2022 version.
^ abcJ. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 478–482. ISBN978-1-118-34233-6. Archived from the original on 2019-04-08. Retrieved 2022-07-24.
^Ricardo Betancur-R; Edward O. Wiley; Gloria Arratia; et al. (2017). "Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17 (162): 162. doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3. PMC5501477. PMID 28683774.
^Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (4 July 2021). "Order Perciformes (Part 11): Suborder Cottoidea: Infraorder Zoarcales: Families: Anarhichadidae, Neozoarcidae, Eulophias, Stichaeidae, Lumpenidae, Ophistocentridae, Pholidae, Ptilichthyidae, Zaproridae, Cryptacanthodidae, Cebidichthyidae, Scytalinidae and Bathymasteridae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
^ abCatherine W. Mecklenburg (2003). "Family Anarhichadidae Bonaparte 1846 wolffishes" (PDF). Annotated Checklist of Fishes (10). California Academy of Sciences. ISSN 1545-150X.
^"Wolffish". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
^"Fisheries, NOAA. "Atlantic Wolffish." NOAA". 2 December 2020.
Sepkoski, Jack (2002). . Bulletins of American Paleontology. 364: 560. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2011-05-18.
“The Wolffishes (Family : Anarhichadidae).” Finfish Aquaculture Diversification, by R. Le François Nathalie, CABI, 2010, pp. 417–418.
January 01, 1970
anarhichadidae, this, article, about, family, saltwater, fish, freshwater, wolf, fish, erythrinidae, wolffishes, wolves, wolf, eels, family, marine, finned, fishes, belonging, order, scorpaeniformes, these, predatory, shaped, fishes, which, native, cold, water. This article is about the family of saltwater fish For freshwater wolf fish see Erythrinidae Anarhichadidae the wolffishes sea wolves or wolf eels is a family of marine ray finned fishes belonging to the order Scorpaeniformes These are predatory eel shaped fishes which are native to the cold waters of the Arctic North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans Anarhichadidae Northern wolffish Anarhichas denticulatus Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Actinopterygii Order Scorpaeniformes Suborder Zoarcoidei Family AnarhichadidaeBonaparte 1832 1 Genera 2 See text Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Etymology 3 Genera and species 4 Timeline of genera 5 Characteristics 6 Distribution and habitat 7 Biology 8 Fisheries 9 ReferencesTaxonomy editAnarhichadidae was first proposed as a family in 1832 by the French zoologist Charles Lucien Bonaparte 1 The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies this family within the suborder Zoarcoidei within the order Scorpaeniformes 3 Other authorities classify this family in the infraorder Zoarcales within the suborder Cottoidei of the Perciformes because removing the Scorpaeniformes from the Perciformes renders that taxon non monophyletic 4 Etymology editAnarhichadidae is derived from the name of its type genus Anarhichas which is an Ancient Greek name for the Atlantic wolffish A lupus and means the climber in turn derived from the Greek anarrhichesis which means to climb or scramble up This may be an allusion to the ancient belief that wolffishes left the water and climbed up on the rocks 5 Genera and species editAnarhichadidae contains two genera and five species 2 6 Image Genus Living species nbsp Anarhichas Linnaeus 1758 Northern wolffish Anarhichas denticulatus Kroyer 1845 Atlantic wolffish or sea wolf Anarhichas lupus Linnaeus 1758 Spotted wolffish Anarhichas minor Olafsen 1772 Bering wolffish Anarhichas orientalis Pallas 1814 nbsp Anarrhichthys Ayres 1855 Wolf eel Anarrhichthys ocellatus Ayres 1855 Timeline of genera editCharacteristics editAnarhichadidae wolfishes have a largely compressed and in the genus Anarhichas a moderately elongate body Anarrhichthys has an extremely elongate body and this has given rise to its common name of wolf eel The long dorsal fin starts at the head and has many flexible spines and soft rays The anal fin may have a single spine in Anarrhichthys and again there is a large number of soft rays The caudal fin is separate from the other median fins in Anarhichas but they are all three joined in Anarrhichthys There is a single pair of nostrils The scales if present are cycloid tiny and do not overlap There are well developed movement sensitive sensory canals on the head and as the fish ages the pores grow very large There are 1 or 2 lateral lines made up of superficial neuromasts 2 There are robust conical teeth in the front of the jaws and large molar like teeth to the rear of those 3 The gill membranes are joined to the isthmus and the gill openings are set widely apart There is no swim bladder The counts of vertebrae are 72 89 in Anarhichas and 221 251 in Anarrhichthys 7 The longest published total length is for Anarrhichthys ocellatus and is 240 cm 94 in 2 Distribution and habitat editAnarhichadidae wolfishes prefer cooler waters and are found in the northern parts of the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans as well as in the Arctic Ocean 3 They are demersal fishes occurring in shallow to moderately deep and cold seas 2 Biology editAnarhichadidae wolffishes use their large teeth to feed on a diet of shelled invertebrates such as crabs starfishes and sea urchins as well as other prey 8 The peak mating season for wolffish is September to October The male wolffish will guard the eggs 3 9 months until they hatch 9 Fisheries editAnarhichadidae wolffishes in particular two Atlantic species the spotted wolffish and the Atlantic wolffish are targeted by commercial fisheries The flesh is used for food and the skin to make leather 7 References edit a b Richard van der Laan William N Eschmeyer amp Ronald Fricke 2014 Family group names of Recent fishes Zootaxa 3882 2 001 230 doi 10 11646 zootaxa 3882 1 1 PMID 25543675 a b c d e Froese Rainer and Daniel Pauly eds 2022 Anarhichadidae in FishBase February 2022 version a b c J S Nelson T C Grande M V H Wilson 2016 Fishes of the World 5th ed Wiley pp 478 482 ISBN 978 1 118 34233 6 Archived from the original on 2019 04 08 Retrieved 2022 07 24 Ricardo Betancur R Edward O Wiley Gloria Arratia et al 2017 Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes BMC Evolutionary Biology 17 162 162 doi 10 1186 s12862 017 0958 3 PMC 5501477 PMID 28683774 Christopher Scharpf amp Kenneth J Lazara eds 4 July 2021 Order Perciformes Part 11 Suborder Cottoidea Infraorder Zoarcales Families Anarhichadidae Neozoarcidae Eulophias Stichaeidae Lumpenidae Ophistocentridae Pholidae Ptilichthyidae Zaproridae Cryptacanthodidae Cebidichthyidae Scytalinidae and Bathymasteridae The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J Lazara Retrieved 24 July 2022 Eschmeyer William N Fricke Ron amp van der Laan Richard eds Genera in the family Anarhichadidae Catalog of Fishes California Academy of Sciences Retrieved 23 July 2022 a b Catherine W Mecklenburg 2003 Family Anarhichadidae Bonaparte 1846 wolffishes PDF Annotated Checklist of Fishes 10 California Academy of Sciences ISSN 1545 150X Wolffish Encyclopedia Britannica Retrieved 24 July 2022 Fisheries NOAA Atlantic Wolffish NOAA 2 December 2020 Anarhichadidae Integrated Taxonomic Information System Retrieved 5 December 2004 Sepkoski Jack 2002 A compendium of fossil marine animal genera Bulletins of American Paleontology 364 560 Archived from the original on 2011 07 23 Retrieved 2011 05 18 The Wolffishes Family Anarhichadidae Finfish Aquaculture Diversification by R Le Francois Nathalie CABI 2010 pp 417 418 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Anarhichadidae amp oldid 1210329722, 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