Scalidophora is a group of marine pseudocoelomateprotostomes that was proposed on morphological grounds to unite three phyla: the Kinorhyncha, the Priapulida and the Loricifera.[2][3] The three phyla have four characters in common — chitinous cuticle that is moulted, rings of scalids on the introvert, flosculi, and two rings of introvert retracts.[4] However, the monophyly of the Scalidophora was not supported by two molecular studies, where the position of the Loricifera was uncertain[2] or as sister to the Panarthropoda.[3] Both studies supported a reduced Scalidophora comprising the Kinorhyncha and Priapulida as sister phyla. Their closest relatives are the Panarthropoda, Nematoda and Nematomorpha; thus, they are placed in the group Ecdysozoa.
Scalidophora
Ottoia prolifica from the Walcott Quarry of the Burgess Shale (Middle Cambrian) near Field, British Columbia, Canada.
The two species in the genus Markuelia, known from fossilized embryos from the middle Cambrian, are thought to be stem Scalidophorans.
The group has also been considered a single group, Cephalorhyncha,[5] with three classes.
The group is named after the spines (scalids) covering the introvert (head that can be retracted into the trunk).[6]
References
^Harvey, T. H.; Dong, X.; Donoghue, P. C. (March–April 2010). "Are palaeoscolecids ancestral ecdysozoans?". Evolution & Development. 12 (2): 177–200. doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2010.00403.x. PMID 20433458. S2CID 16872271.
^ abTelford, M. J.; Bourlat, S. J.; Economou, A.; Papillon, D.; Rota-Stabelli, O. (27 April 2008). "The evolution of the Ecdysozoa". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 363 (1496): 1529–1537. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2243. PMC2614232. PMID 18192181.
^ abYamasaki, Hiroshi; Fujimoto, Shinta; Miyazaki, Katsumi (2015-06-30). "Phylogenetic position of Loricifera inferred from nearly complete 18S and 28S rRNA gene sequences". Zoological Letters. 1: 18. doi:10.1186/s40851-015-0017-0. ISSN 2056-306X. PMC4657359. PMID 26605063.
^Heiner, I., Kristensen, R.H. 2005. Two new species of the genus Pliciloricus (Loricifera, Pliciloricidae) from the Faroe Bank, North Atlantic. Zoologischer Anzeiger. 243: 121–138.
^Dirnberger, J. "Explanations and Difficulties in Invertebrate Phylogeny". Invertebrate Zoology. Kennesaw State University. Retrieved 2012-08-11.
^Dunn, C. W.; Hejnol, A.; Matus, D. Q.; Pang, K.; Browne, W. E.; Smith, S. A.; Seaver, E.; Rouse, G. W.; Obst, M.; et al. (10 April 2008). "Broad Phylogenomic Sampling Improves Resolution of the Animal Tree of Life". Nature. 452 (7188): 745–749. Bibcode:2008Natur.452..745D. doi:10.1038/nature06614. PMID 18322464. S2CID 4397099.
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scalidophora, cephalorhyncha, redirects, here, kinorhynch, genus, cephalorhyncha, genus, group, marine, pseudocoelomate, protostomes, that, proposed, morphological, grounds, unite, three, phyla, kinorhyncha, priapulida, loricifera, three, phyla, have, four, ch. Cephalorhyncha redirects here For the kinorhynch genus see Cephalorhyncha genus Scalidophora is a group of marine pseudocoelomate protostomes that was proposed on morphological grounds to unite three phyla the Kinorhyncha the Priapulida and the Loricifera 2 3 The three phyla have four characters in common chitinous cuticle that is moulted rings of scalids on the introvert flosculi and two rings of introvert retracts 4 However the monophyly of the Scalidophora was not supported by two molecular studies where the position of the Loricifera was uncertain 2 or as sister to the Panarthropoda 3 Both studies supported a reduced Scalidophora comprising the Kinorhyncha and Priapulida as sister phyla Their closest relatives are the Panarthropoda Nematoda and Nematomorpha thus they are placed in the group Ecdysozoa ScalidophoraOttoia prolifica from the Walcott Quarry of the Burgess Shale Middle Cambrian near Field British Columbia Canada Scientific classificationKingdom AnimaliaSubkingdom EumetazoaClade ParaHoxozoaClade BilateriaClade Nephrozoa unranked ProtostomiaSuperphylum EcdysozoaClade ScalidophoraLemburg 1995PhylaKinorhynchaPriapulidaLoriciferapossible stem groups Palaeoscolecida 1 Archaeopriapulida SynonymsCephalorhyncha PriapozoaThe two species in the genus Markuelia known from fossilized embryos from the middle Cambrian are thought to be stem Scalidophorans The group has also been considered a single group Cephalorhyncha 5 with three classes The group is named after the spines scalids covering the introvert head that can be retracted into the trunk 6 References Edit Harvey T H Dong X Donoghue P C March April 2010 Are palaeoscolecids ancestral ecdysozoans Evolution amp Development 12 2 177 200 doi 10 1111 j 1525 142X 2010 00403 x PMID 20433458 S2CID 16872271 a b Telford M J Bourlat S J Economou A Papillon D Rota Stabelli O 27 April 2008 The evolution of the Ecdysozoa Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 363 1496 1529 1537 doi 10 1098 rstb 2007 2243 PMC 2614232 PMID 18192181 a b Yamasaki Hiroshi Fujimoto Shinta Miyazaki Katsumi 2015 06 30 Phylogenetic position of Loricifera inferred from nearly complete 18S and 28S rRNA gene sequences Zoological Letters 1 18 doi 10 1186 s40851 015 0017 0 ISSN 2056 306X PMC 4657359 PMID 26605063 Heiner I Kristensen R H 2005 Two new species of the genus Pliciloricus Loricifera Pliciloricidae from the Faroe Bank North Atlantic Zoologischer Anzeiger 243 121 138 Dirnberger J Explanations and Difficulties in Invertebrate Phylogeny Invertebrate Zoology Kennesaw State University Retrieved 2012 08 11 Dunn C W Hejnol A Matus D Q Pang K Browne W E Smith S A Seaver E Rouse G W Obst M et al 10 April 2008 Broad Phylogenomic Sampling Improves Resolution of the Animal Tree of Life Nature 452 7188 745 749 Bibcode 2008Natur 452 745D doi 10 1038 nature06614 PMID 18322464 S2CID 4397099 This protostome related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Scalidophora amp oldid 1121896718, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
