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Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome

January 01, 1970

Santa Maria della Vittoria (English: Saint Mary of Victory, Latin: S. Mariae de Victoria) is a Catholic titular church and basilica dedicated to the Virgin Mary in Rome, Italy. The church is known for the masterpiece by Gian Lorenzo Bernini in the Cornaro Chapel, the Ecstasy of Saint Teresa. The church is in the Rione Sallustiano, on number 98 via XX Settembre, where this street intersects with Largo Santa Susanna. It stands to the side of the Fontana dell'Acqua Felice. The church mirrors the Church of Santa Susanna across the Largo. It is about two blocks northwest of the Piazza della Repubblica and Teatro dell'Opera metro station.

Santa Maria della Vittoria
Façade of Santa Maria della Vittoria
Click on the map for a fullscreen view
41°54′17″N 12°29′39″E / 41.90472°N 12.49417°E / 41.90472; 12.49417
LocationVia Venti Settembre 17, Rome
CountryItaly
DenominationCatholic
History
StatusTitular church, basilica
DedicationMary, mother of Jesus
Architecture
Architect(s)Carlo Maderno
Giovanni Battista Soria
StyleBaroque
Groundbreaking1605
Completed1620
Specifications
Length35 m (115 ft)
Width19 m (62 ft)
Clergy
Cardinal protectorSeán Patrick O'Malley[1]

History edit

The land for the church was purchased on April 20, 1607,[2] and the church was built from 1608 to 1620 as a chapel dedicated to Saint Paul for the Discalced Carmelites.[3] After the Catholic victory at the Battle of White Mountain in 1620, which reversed the Reformation in Bohemia, the church was rededicated to the Virgin Mary. Ottoman standards captured at the 1683 Battle of Vienna were later hung in the church, reinforcing to the theme of the Virgin helping lead Catholic armies to victory.[2]

The order itself funded the building work until the discovery of the Borghese Hermaphroditus in the excavations. Scipione Borghese, Cardinal-nephew of Pope Paul V, appropriated this sculpture but, in return, funded the rest of work on the façade and granted the order his architect, Giovanni Battista Soria. These grants only came into effect in 1624, and work was completed two years later.[2]

Exterior edit

The church is the only structure entirely designed and completed by the early Baroque architect Carlo Maderno, though the interior suffered a fire in 1833 and required restoration. Its façade, however, was erected by Giovanni Battista Soria during Maderno's lifetime, 1624–1626, showing the unmistakable influence of Maderno's Santa Susanna nearby.[citation needed]

Interior edit

 
Cantoria of the Santa Maria della Vittoria church, decorated by Mattia de Rossi

The interior of the church has a single wide nave under a low segmental vault, with three interconnecting side chapels behind arches separated by colossal Corinthian pilasters with gilded capitals that support an enriched entablature. Contrasting marble revetments are enriched with white and gilded stucco angels and putti in full relief. The interior was sequentially enriched after Maderno's death; its vault was frescoed in 1675 with triumphant themes within shaped compartments with feigned frames: The Virgin Mary Triumphing over Heresy and Fall of the Rebel Angels executed by Giovanni Domenico Cerrini in 1675.

 
View of the interior.

Other sculptural detail abounds: The Dream of Joseph (left transept, Domenico Guidi, flanked by relief panels by Pierre Etienne Monnot) and the funeral monument to Cardinal Berlinghiero Gessi. There are paintings by Guercino, Domenichino, and Nicolas Lorrain. The church is also the final resting place of Saint Victoria, whose preserved remains are on display inside.

Cornaro Chapel edit

The Cornaro Chapel is a private chapel commissioned by Federico Cornaro to Baroque sculptor Gian Lorenzo Bernini. Bernini lost papal patronage following the death of Pope Urban VIII and his replacement by Pope Innocent X, who disliked his artistic style, which enabled his commissioning by private patrons at this accomplished stage in his career. The entire architectural and sculptural ensemble of the chapel was designed by Bernini.

The altarpiece of the Cornaro Chapel, the Ecstasy of St. Teresa, is among the most celebrated works of all of Baroque sculpture, and widely considered one of Bernini's masterpieces.[4] The statues depict a moment as described by Saint Teresa of Avila in her autobiography, where she had the vivid vision of a Seraph piercing her heart with a golden shaft, causing her both immense joy and pain. The flowing robes and contorted posture abandon classical restraint and repose to depict a more passionate, almost voluptuous trance. Although artistically a tour de force, nonetheless, during Bernini's lifetime and in the centuries following, the Ecstasy of St. Teresa has been accused[by whom?] of crossing a line of decency by sexualizing the visual depiction of the saint's experience, to a degree that no artist, before or after Bernini, dared to do: in depicting her at an impossibly young chronological age, as an idealized delicate beauty, in a semi-prostrate position with her mouth open and her legs splayed-apart, her wimple coming undone, with prominently displayed bare feet (Discalced Carmelites, for modesty, always wore sandals with heavy stockings) and with the seraph "undressing" her by (unnecessarily) parting her mantle to penetrate her heart with his arrow.[5][6]

Titulus edit

 
The Virgin Mary Triumphing over Heresy and Fall of the Rebel Angels, in the vault

Santa Maria della Vittoria was established as a titular church by Pope Pius VII on 23 December 1801.[citation needed] The following is a list of its Cardinal-Priests:[7]

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References edit

  1. ^ Official website of the vicariate of Rome November 3, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ a b c "Chiesa di Santa Maria della Vittoria" (in Italian). Padri Carmelitani Scalzi: Storia. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  3. ^ "Chiesa di Santa Maria della Vittoria" (in Italian). Padri Carmelitani Scalzi. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  4. ^ "Cornaro Chapel – Experiencing The Divine". Retrieved 2023-12-19.
  5. ^ For these visual details of the statue and an examination of the charge of indecency, see Franco Mormando, 'Did Bernini's Ecstasy of St. Teresa Cross a 17th-century Line of Decorum? (Mormando's answer is yes): [1].
  6. ^ Zirpolo, Lilian H. (2010). Historical Dictionary of Baroque Art and Architecture. Scarecrow Press. pp. 170–171. ISBN 978-1-4616-5919-8.
  7. ^ David M. Cheyney, Catholic-Hierarchy: S. Maria della Vittoria. Retrieved: 2016-03-14.

Sources edit

  • Rendina, Claudio (1999). Enciclopedia di Roma. Rome: Newton Compton.
  • Matthiae, Guglielmo (1999). The Church of Santa Maria della Vittoria. Rome: Order of the Discalced Carmelite Fathers. ISBN 978-88-86542-86-9.
  • Sturm, Saverio (2015). L’architettura dei Carmelitani Scalzi in età barocca: La ‘Provincia Romana’. Lazio, Umbria e Marche (1597-1705). Roma: Gangemi Editore.
  • Hibbert, Howard (1965). Bernini. New York: Pelican-Penguin.
  • Susanne Juliane Warma (1981). A Study of the Iconography of Bernini's Cornaro Chapel in Santa Maria Della Vittoria Athens: University of Georgia.
  • G. Matthiae (1965). S. Maria della Vittoria. Rome.

External links edit

  • Roberto Piperno, "santa Maria della Vittoria"
  • "Santa Maria della Vittoria" (in Italian)
  • Roma SPQR: "Santa Maria della Vittoria"

  Media related to Santa Maria della Vittoria at Wikimedia Commons

Preceded by
Santa Maria in Via Lata 		Landmarks of Rome
Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome 		Succeeded by
San Martino ai Monti

January 01, 1970
santa, maria, della, vittoria, rome, this, article, includes, list, references, related, reading, external, links, sources, remain, unclear, because, lacks, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, decembe. This article includes a list of references related reading or external links but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations December 2023 Learn how and when to remove this message Santa Maria della Vittoria English Saint Mary of Victory Latin S Mariae de Victoria is a Catholic titular church and basilica dedicated to the Virgin Mary in Rome Italy The church is known for the masterpiece by Gian Lorenzo Bernini in the Cornaro Chapel the Ecstasy of Saint Teresa The church is in the Rione Sallustiano on number 98 via XX Settembre where this street intersects with Largo Santa Susanna It stands to the side of the Fontana dell Acqua Felice The church mirrors the Church of Santa Susanna across the Largo It is about two blocks northwest of the Piazza della Repubblica and Teatro dell Opera metro station Santa Maria della VittoriaSaint Mary of Victory English Mariae de Victoria Latin Facade of Santa Maria della VittoriaClick on the map for a fullscreen view41 54 17 N 12 29 39 E 41 90472 N 12 49417 E 41 90472 12 49417LocationVia Venti Settembre 17 RomeCountryItalyDenominationCatholicHistoryStatusTitular church basilicaDedicationMary mother of JesusArchitectureArchitect s Carlo MadernoGiovanni Battista SoriaStyleBaroqueGroundbreaking1605Completed1620SpecificationsLength35 m 115 ft Width19 m 62 ft ClergyCardinal protectorSean Patrick O Malley 1 Contents 1 History 2 Exterior 3 Interior 3 1 Cornaro Chapel 4 Titulus 5 References 6 Sources 7 External linksHistory editThe land for the church was purchased on April 20 1607 2 and the church was built from 1608 to 1620 as a chapel dedicated to Saint Paul for the Discalced Carmelites 3 After the Catholic victory at the Battle of White Mountain in 1620 which reversed the Reformation in Bohemia the church was rededicated to the Virgin Mary Ottoman standards captured at the 1683 Battle of Vienna were later hung in the church reinforcing to the theme of the Virgin helping lead Catholic armies to victory 2 The order itself funded the building work until the discovery of the Borghese Hermaphroditus in the excavations Scipione Borghese Cardinal nephew of Pope Paul V appropriated this sculpture but in return funded the rest of work on the facade and granted the order his architect Giovanni Battista Soria These grants only came into effect in 1624 and work was completed two years later 2 Exterior editThe church is the only structure entirely designed and completed by the early Baroque architect Carlo Maderno though the interior suffered a fire in 1833 and required restoration Its facade however was erected by Giovanni Battista Soria during Maderno s lifetime 1624 1626 showing the unmistakable influence of Maderno s Santa Susanna nearby citation needed Interior edit nbsp Cantoria of the Santa Maria della Vittoria church decorated by Mattia de Rossi The interior of the church has a single wide nave under a low segmental vault with three interconnecting side chapels behind arches separated by colossal Corinthian pilasters with gilded capitals that support an enriched entablature Contrasting marble revetments are enriched with white and gilded stucco angels and putti in full relief The interior was sequentially enriched after Maderno s death its vault was frescoed in 1675 with triumphant themes within shaped compartments with feigned frames The Virgin Mary Triumphing over Heresy and Fall of the Rebel Angels executed by Giovanni Domenico Cerrini in 1675 nbsp View of the interior Other sculptural detail abounds The Dream of Joseph left transept Domenico Guidi flanked by relief panels by Pierre Etienne Monnot and the funeral monument to Cardinal Berlinghiero Gessi There are paintings by Guercino Domenichino and Nicolas Lorrain The church is also the final resting place of Saint Victoria whose preserved remains are on display inside Cornaro Chapel edit The Cornaro Chapel is a private chapel commissioned by Federico Cornaro to Baroque sculptor Gian Lorenzo Bernini Bernini lost papal patronage following the death of Pope Urban VIII and his replacement by Pope Innocent X who disliked his artistic style which enabled his commissioning by private patrons at this accomplished stage in his career The entire architectural and sculptural ensemble of the chapel was designed by Bernini The altarpiece of the Cornaro Chapel the Ecstasy of St Teresa is among the most celebrated works of all of Baroque sculpture and widely considered one of Bernini s masterpieces 4 The statues depict a moment as described by Saint Teresa of Avila in her autobiography where she had the vivid vision of a Seraph piercing her heart with a golden shaft causing her both immense joy and pain The flowing robes and contorted posture abandon classical restraint and repose to depict a more passionate almost voluptuous trance Although artistically a tour de force nonetheless during Bernini s lifetime and in the centuries following the Ecstasy of St Teresa has been accused by whom of crossing a line of decency by sexualizing the visual depiction of the saint s experience to a degree that no artist before or after Bernini dared to do in depicting her at an impossibly young chronological age as an idealized delicate beauty in a semi prostrate position with her mouth open and her legs splayed apart her wimple coming undone with prominently displayed bare feet Discalced Carmelites for modesty always wore sandals with heavy stockings and with the seraph undressing her by unnecessarily parting her mantle to penetrate her heart with his arrow 5 6 Titulus edit nbsp The Virgin Mary Triumphing over Heresy and Fall of the Rebel Angels in the vault Santa Maria della Vittoria was established as a titular church by Pope Pius VII on 23 December 1801 citation needed The following is a list of its Cardinal Priests 7 Michelangelo Luchi 1801 1802 Joseph Fesch 1803 1822 in commendam 1822 1839 Ferdinando Maria Pignatelli 1839 1853 Adriano Fieschi 1853 1858 Joseph Othmar von Rauscher 1858 1875 Godefroy Brossais Saint Marc 1876 1878 Louis Edouard Francois Desire Pie 1879 1880 Luigi Jacobini 1880 1887 Elzear Alexandre Taschereau 1887 1898 Giovanni Battista Casali del Drago 1899 1908 Francois Marie Anatole de Roverie de Cabrieres 1911 1921 Alexis Armand Charost 1922 1930 Angelo Maria Dolci 1933 1936 Federico Tedeschini 1936 1951 Giuseppe Siri 1953 1989 Giuseppe Caprio 1990 2005 Sean Patrick O Malley OFM Cap 2006 incumbent nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp References edit Official website of the vicariate of Rome Archived November 3 2011 at the Wayback Machine a b c Chiesa di Santa Maria della Vittoria in Italian Padri Carmelitani Scalzi Storia Retrieved 19 November 2020 Chiesa di Santa Maria della Vittoria in Italian Padri Carmelitani Scalzi Retrieved 19 November 2020 Cornaro Chapel Experiencing The Divine Retrieved 2023 12 19 For these visual details of the statue and an examination of the charge of indecency see Franco Mormando Did Bernini s Ecstasy of St Teresa Cross a 17th century Line of Decorum Mormando s answer is yes 1 Zirpolo Lilian H 2010 Historical Dictionary of Baroque Art and Architecture Scarecrow Press pp 170 171 ISBN 978 1 4616 5919 8 David M Cheyney Catholic Hierarchy S Maria della Vittoria Retrieved 2016 03 14 Sources editRendina Claudio 1999 Enciclopedia di Roma Rome Newton Compton Matthiae Guglielmo 1999 The Church of Santa Maria della Vittoria Rome Order of the Discalced Carmelite Fathers ISBN 978 88 86542 86 9 Sturm Saverio 2015 L architettura dei Carmelitani Scalzi in eta barocca La Provincia Romana Lazio Umbria e Marche 1597 1705 Roma Gangemi Editore Hibbert Howard 1965 Bernini New York Pelican Penguin Susanne Juliane Warma 1981 A Study of the Iconography of Bernini s Cornaro Chapel in Santa Maria Della Vittoria Athens University of Georgia G Matthiae 1965 S Maria della Vittoria Rome External links editChris Nyborg Churches of Rome Santa Maria della Vittoria Roberto Piperno santa Maria della Vittoria Santa Maria della Vittoria in Italian Roma SPQR Santa Maria della Vittoria nbsp Media related to Santa Maria della Vittoria at Wikimedia Commons Preceded bySanta Maria in Via Lata Landmarks of RomeSanta Maria della Vittoria Rome Succeeded bySan Martino ai Monti Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Santa Maria della Vittoria Rome amp oldid 1200017092, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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