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Sanjak of Vidin

May 29, 2023

The Sanjak of Vidin or the Vidin Sanjak (Bulgarian: Видински санджак, Serbian: Видински санџак, Turkish: Vidin Sancağı) was a sanjak in the Ottoman Empire, with Vidin as its administrative centre. It was established after the Battle of Nicopolis in 1396 out of the territories of the Tsardom of Vidin[2] and in the mid-15th century annexed some territories that belonged to the Serbian Despotate before the Ottomans captured it.

Sanjak of Vidin
Видински санджак
Видински санџак
Sancağı Vidin
Sanjak of the Ottoman Empire
1396–1878
Coat of arms
CapitalVidin
History
History 
1396
• Disestablished
1878
Today part ofBulgaria, Serbia
Baba Vida fortress

Background

 
Fethislam, Ottoman fortress near Kladovo

After the major breakthrough into the Balkans at the end of the 14th century, the Ottomans were well aware of the strategic importance of Danube and decided to capture all important fortresses on its banks. The Tsardom of Vidin, which was under control of Ivan Sratsimir, became an Ottoman vassal state in 1393, and a strong Ottoman garrison was stationed in Vidin.[3] Before the Battle of Nicopolis in 1396, Sratsimir surrendered the Ottoman garrison to the crusaders who were soon defeated, while Sratsimir was captured by the Ottomans and killed in 1397.[citation needed]

According to the Ottoman tax registers from 1454-55 the territory of the Sanjak included the following nahiyahs: Banya (Sokobanja), Belgrad (present-day Belogradchik), Veleshnitsa, Vidin, Gelvie (Glavje), Zagorie, Isvrlig (Svrljig), Kladobo (Kladovo), Krivina, Timok, Tcherna reka/Crna reka and the following fortresses: Vidin, Banya (Sokobanja), Belgrad (present-day Belogradchik), Isvrlig (Svrljig) and Florentin.[4]

Some scholars consider that the regions of Negotin, Kljuc and partly Tcherna reka/Crna reka belonged prior to the Ottoman conquest to Serbian Despotate and were included in the Sanjak of Vidin after 1455, because the first census of the Sanjak of Vidin does not mention them. It is assumed (by historian Bojanić-Lukač and other historians who confirm her opinion) that after the final Ottoman conquest, it was necessary to populate this depopulated territory before its inclusion in the timar system of the Sanjak of Vidin. Until then it was a separate administrative unit, one of many Ottoman borderlands.[5]

History

Some people from the neighbouring Romanian territory began migrating to the Sanjak of Vidin, especially after the Long War (1591–1606) and the hunger crisis which struck after the war.[6]

In 1807, during the First Serbian Uprising, Serbian rebels attacked parts of the sanjak, which at the time was still under the control of Ottoman renegade Osman Pazvantoglu. The rebels' aim was to establish communication with the Russian troops in Wallachia under General Ignatiev.[7] After the collapse of the First Serbian Uprising, part of the territory around Sokobanja and Svrljig recaptured from the rebels was annexed by the Sanjak of Vidin.[8]

The Sanjak of Vidin was one of six Ottoman sanjaks with the most developed shipbuilding (alongside the sanjaks of Smederevo, Nicopolis, Požega, Zvornik and Mohač).[9]

Administration

In 1396, Vidin was finally and permanently captured by the Ottomans, who improved its Baba Vida fortress and built long walls around it.[10]

In 1455, Ottomans registered all populated places in the sanjak for the first time.[11] Four defters were made in the Sanjak of Vidin in the period between 1483 and 1586.[12] In 1460, after his success in the battle near Baziaş (and the capture of Michael Szilágyi)[13] the sultan rewarded Ali Bey Mihaloğlu by appointing him as sanjakbey of Vidin.[14][15] In March 1834 Husseyn pasha was appointed as sanjakbey of the Sanjak of Nicopolis and Sanjak of Vidin.[16]

After 1541, the sanjak became part of the Budin Eyalet. From 1846 to 1864, the sanjak belonged to the Widdin Eyalet,[17] while from 1864 to 1878, it was part of the Danube Vilayet.[18]

References

  1. ^ Tolan, John Victor; Veinstein, Gilles; Laurens, Henry (2013). Europe and the Islamic World: A History. Princeton University Press. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-691-14705-5.
  2. ^ Gliša Elezović (1974). Turski spomenice. p. 174. Retrieved 5 September 2013. Vidinski Sandžak (Livâ-i Vidin...) obrazovao se u granicama nekadašnjeg Vidinskog Carstva i vidinske mitropolije.
  3. ^ Kenneth M. Setton; Harry W. Hazard; Norman P. Zacour (1 June 1990). A History of the Crusades: The Impact of the Crusades on Europe. Univ of Wisconsin Press. p. 251. ISBN 978-0-299-10744-4. Retrieved 6 September 2013. Farther to the west at Vidin, the Bulgarian tsar Sracimir (Sratsimir) was a loyal vassal of the sultan, and an Ottoman garrison...
  4. ^ Андрей Пантев, Иван Божилов, Илия Илиев, Невен Илиев, Захарин Захариев, Тодор Диков. "Град Видин: Кратък исторически очерк", 2008, pg. 98
  5. ^ Tomislav Pajić (1973). Bor i okolina: prošlost i tradicionalna kultura. Skupština opštine. p. 54. Retrieved 6 September 2013. Године 1455. видински санџак није обухватао данашњу Неготинску крајину, Кључ и један део Црне Реке; ово подручје сачињавало ;е у то доба посебно војно крајиште, у коме, разумљиво, није постојао тимарски систем.
  6. ^ Collected papers. Institut. 1973. p. 25. Retrieved 6 September 2013. Неколико година после тога настаће у- сел>авање становништва са румуноке стране у видински санџак, особито после аустријско-турског рата 1593 – 1606. и глади која је после тога завладала
  7. ^ Viktor Novak (2003). Revue historique. p. 171. Retrieved 6 September 2013. Борбе на овом ратишту вођене су великом жестином 1807, јер је устаничка војска покушавала да nуспостави и учврсти комуникацију са руском војском генерала Игњатијева у Влашкој. То им је пошло за руком, а турски утврђени гарнизони Фетислам (Кладово) и Неготин, остали су изолована острва, која су дуго одолевала српско – руским нападима. Подручје Кључа и Крајине коначно је ослобођено тек 1810, у садејству српске са руском војском
  8. ^ Dragoljub Mirčetić (1994). Vojna istorija Niša. Prosveta. p. 89. Retrieved 6 September 2013.
  9. ^ Godis̆njak grada Beograda. Beogradske novine. 1979. p. 35. Retrieved 7 September 2013. Ипак градња бродова се посебно везивала за шест санџака: никопољски, видински, смедеревски, зворнички, пожешки и мохачки.
  10. ^ Bulgaria. Ediz. Inglese. Lonely Planet. 2008. p. 257. ISBN 978-1-74104-474-4. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
  11. ^ Hristo Gandev (1987). The Bulgarian People During the 15th Century: A Demographic and Ethnographic Study. Sofia-Press. p. 123. Retrieved 5 September 2013. ...a complete registration of settlements in the Vidin sanjak, points out that at the time the register was made – 1455,
  12. ^ Prilozi za orijentalnu filologiju: Revue de philologie orientale. 1977. p. 53. Retrieved 5 September 2013. 4 deftera za Vidin od 1483. do 1586. godine
  13. ^ Suvajdžić, Boško (2004). "Three good heroes" (PDF). Prilozi za književnost, jezik, istoriju i folklor. 70: 32. Retrieved 9 September 2013.
  14. ^ Gradeva, Rositsa (2004). Rumeli under the Ottomans, 15th–18th centuries: institutions and communities. Isis Press. p. 26. ISBN 978-975-428-271-9. Retrieved 24 June 2011. In 1460, Ali Bey Mihaloglu was the subasi of the district residing in Giivercinlik [Golubac, Serbia]. Later during the same year he became the sancakbey of Vidin for the first time. In 1462–63, he became sancakbey of Semendire
  15. ^ Prilozi proučavanju narodne poezije. 1935. p. 123. 1460 у боју код данашњег Базијаша по- тукао је Мађаре и заробио њиховог вођу Михаила Силађија (Свило- јевић у нар. песмама), те је од султана као награду добио Видински санџак.
  16. ^ sir Grenville Temple (1836). Excursions in the Mediterranean. p. 277. Husseyn pasha confirmed to the sanjaks of Widin and Nicopolis, and to the command of the fortress of Widin
  17. ^ The three eras of Ottoman history, a political essay on the late reforms of ..., p. 75, at Google Books By James Henry Skene
  18. ^ Stanford Jay Shaw; Ezel Kural. Shaw (1977). History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey. Cambridge University Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-521-29166-8. Retrieved 28 May 2013.

Further reading

  • Dušanka Bojanić-Lukač (1973). Fragmenti jednog zbirnog i jednog opširnog popisa Vidinskog sandžaka iz druge polovine petnaestog veka (in Serbian). Istorijski institut. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
  • "Historical circumstances and administrative division of the Sanjak of Vidin in 15th and 16th century". Зборник Матице српске за ликовне уметности (in Serbian). Матица. 1993. Retrieved 6 September 2013.

External links

  • Видинският санджак през 15 век on www.vidin-online.com

May 29, 2023
sanjak, vidin, vidin, sanjak, bulgarian, Видински, санджак, serbian, Видински, санџак, turkish, vidin, sancağı, sanjak, ottoman, empire, with, vidin, administrative, centre, established, after, battle, nicopolis, 1396, territories, tsardom, vidin, 15th, centur. The Sanjak of Vidin or the Vidin Sanjak Bulgarian Vidinski sandzhak Serbian Vidinski sanџak Turkish Vidin Sancagi was a sanjak in the Ottoman Empire with Vidin as its administrative centre It was established after the Battle of Nicopolis in 1396 out of the territories of the Tsardom of Vidin 2 and in the mid 15th century annexed some territories that belonged to the Serbian Despotate before the Ottomans captured it Sanjak of VidinVidinski sandzhakVidinski sanџakSancagi VidinSanjak of the Ottoman Empire1396 1878Coat of armsCapitalVidinHistoryHistory Battle of Nicopolis 1 1396 Disestablished1878Preceded by Succeeded byTsardom of VidinSerbian Despotate Principality of BulgariaPrincipality of SerbiaToday part ofBulgaria Serbia Baba Vida fortress Contents 1 Background 2 History 3 Administration 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksBackground Edit Fethislam Ottoman fortress near Kladovo After the major breakthrough into the Balkans at the end of the 14th century the Ottomans were well aware of the strategic importance of Danube and decided to capture all important fortresses on its banks The Tsardom of Vidin which was under control of Ivan Sratsimir became an Ottoman vassal state in 1393 and a strong Ottoman garrison was stationed in Vidin 3 Before the Battle of Nicopolis in 1396 Sratsimir surrendered the Ottoman garrison to the crusaders who were soon defeated while Sratsimir was captured by the Ottomans and killed in 1397 citation needed According to the Ottoman tax registers from 1454 55 the territory of the Sanjak included the following nahiyahs Banya Sokobanja Belgrad present day Belogradchik Veleshnitsa Vidin Gelvie Glavje Zagorie Isvrlig Svrljig Kladobo Kladovo Krivina Timok Tcherna reka Crna reka and the following fortresses Vidin Banya Sokobanja Belgrad present day Belogradchik Isvrlig Svrljig and Florentin 4 Some scholars consider that the regions of Negotin Kljuc and partly Tcherna reka Crna reka belonged prior to the Ottoman conquest to Serbian Despotate and were included in the Sanjak of Vidin after 1455 because the first census of the Sanjak of Vidin does not mention them It is assumed by historian Bojanic Lukac and other historians who confirm her opinion that after the final Ottoman conquest it was necessary to populate this depopulated territory before its inclusion in the timar system of the Sanjak of Vidin Until then it was a separate administrative unit one of many Ottoman borderlands 5 History EditSome people from the neighbouring Romanian territory began migrating to the Sanjak of Vidin especially after the Long War 1591 1606 and the hunger crisis which struck after the war 6 In 1807 during the First Serbian Uprising Serbian rebels attacked parts of the sanjak which at the time was still under the control of Ottoman renegade Osman Pazvantoglu The rebels aim was to establish communication with the Russian troops in Wallachia under General Ignatiev 7 After the collapse of the First Serbian Uprising part of the territory around Sokobanja and Svrljig recaptured from the rebels was annexed by the Sanjak of Vidin 8 The Sanjak of Vidin was one of six Ottoman sanjaks with the most developed shipbuilding alongside the sanjaks of Smederevo Nicopolis Pozega Zvornik and Mohac 9 Administration EditIn 1396 Vidin was finally and permanently captured by the Ottomans who improved its Baba Vida fortress and built long walls around it 10 In 1455 Ottomans registered all populated places in the sanjak for the first time 11 Four defters were made in the Sanjak of Vidin in the period between 1483 and 1586 12 In 1460 after his success in the battle near Bazias and the capture of Michael Szilagyi 13 the sultan rewarded Ali Bey Mihaloglu by appointing him as sanjakbey of Vidin 14 15 In March 1834 Husseyn pasha was appointed as sanjakbey of the Sanjak of Nicopolis and Sanjak of Vidin 16 After 1541 the sanjak became part of the Budin Eyalet From 1846 to 1864 the sanjak belonged to the Widdin Eyalet 17 while from 1864 to 1878 it was part of the Danube Vilayet 18 References Edit Tolan John Victor Veinstein Gilles Laurens Henry 2013 Europe and the Islamic World A History Princeton University Press p 126 ISBN 978 0 691 14705 5 Glisa Elezovic 1974 Turski spomenice p 174 Retrieved 5 September 2013 Vidinski Sandzak Liva i Vidin obrazovao se u granicama nekadasnjeg Vidinskog Carstva i vidinske mitropolije Kenneth M Setton Harry W Hazard Norman P Zacour 1 June 1990 A History of the Crusades The Impact of the Crusades on Europe Univ of Wisconsin Press p 251 ISBN 978 0 299 10744 4 Retrieved 6 September 2013 Farther to the west at Vidin the Bulgarian tsar Sracimir Sratsimir was a loyal vassal of the sultan and an Ottoman garrison Andrej Pantev Ivan Bozhilov Iliya Iliev Neven Iliev Zaharin Zahariev Todor Dikov Grad Vidin Kratk istoricheski ocherk 2008 pg 98 Tomislav Pajic 1973 Bor i okolina proslost i tradicionalna kultura Skupstina opstine p 54 Retrieved 6 September 2013 Godine 1455 vidinski sanџak niјe obuhvatao danashњu Negotinsku kraјinu Kљuch i јedan deo Crne Reke ovo podruchјe sachiњavalo e u to doba posebno voјno kraјishte u kome razumљivo niјe postoјao timarski sistem Collected papers Institut 1973 p 25 Retrieved 6 September 2013 Nekoliko godina posle toga nastaћe u sel gt avaњe stanovnishtva sa rumunoke strane u vidinski sanџak osobito posle austriјsko turskog rata 1593 1606 i gladi koјa јe posle toga zavladala Viktor Novak 2003 Revue historique p 171 Retrieved 6 September 2013 Borbe na ovom ratishtu voђene su velikom zhestinom 1807 јer јe ustanichka voјska pokushavala da nuspostavi i uchvrsti komunikaciјu sa ruskom voјskom generala Igњatiјeva u Vlashkoј To im јe poshlo za rukom a turski utvrђeni garnizoni Fetislam Kladovo i Negotin ostali su izolovana ostrva koјa su dugo odolevala srpsko ruskim napadima Podruchјe Kљucha i Kraјine konachno јe osloboђeno tek 1810 u sadeјstvu srpske sa ruskom voјskom Dragoljub Mircetic 1994 Vojna istorija Nisa Prosveta p 89 Retrieved 6 September 2013 Godis njak grada Beograda Beogradske novine 1979 p 35 Retrieved 7 September 2013 Ipak gradњa brodova se posebno vezivala za shest sanџaka nikopoљski vidinski smederevski zvornichki pozheshki i mohachki Bulgaria Ediz Inglese Lonely Planet 2008 p 257 ISBN 978 1 74104 474 4 Retrieved 5 September 2013 Hristo Gandev 1987 The Bulgarian People During the 15th Century A Demographic and Ethnographic Study Sofia Press p 123 Retrieved 5 September 2013 a complete registration of settlements in the Vidin sanjak points out that at the time the register was made 1455 Prilozi za orijentalnu filologiju Revue de philologie orientale 1977 p 53 Retrieved 5 September 2013 4 deftera za Vidin od 1483 do 1586 godine Suvajdzic Bosko 2004 Three good heroes PDF Prilozi za knjizevnost jezik istoriju i folklor 70 32 Retrieved 9 September 2013 Gradeva Rositsa 2004 Rumeli under the Ottomans 15th 18th centuries institutions and communities Isis Press p 26 ISBN 978 975 428 271 9 Retrieved 24 June 2011 In 1460 Ali Bey Mihaloglu was the subasi of the district residing in Giivercinlik Golubac Serbia Later during the same year he became the sancakbey of Vidin for the first time In 1462 63 he became sancakbey of Semendire Prilozi proucavanju narodne poezije 1935 p 123 1460 u boјu kod danashњeg Baziјasha po tukao јe Maђare i zarobio њihovog voђu Mihaila Silaђiјa Svilo јeviћ u nar pesmama te јe od sultana kao nagradu dobio Vidinski sanџak sir Grenville Temple 1836 Excursions in the Mediterranean p 277 Husseyn pasha confirmed to the sanjaks of Widin and Nicopolis and to the command of the fortress of Widin The three eras of Ottoman history a political essay on the late reforms of p 75 at Google Books By James Henry Skene Stanford Jay Shaw Ezel Kural Shaw 1977 History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey Cambridge University Press p 90 ISBN 978 0 521 29166 8 Retrieved 28 May 2013 Further reading EditDusanka Bojanic Lukac 1973 Fragmenti jednog zbirnog i jednog opsirnog popisa Vidinskog sandzaka iz druge polovine petnaestog veka in Serbian Istorijski institut Retrieved 5 September 2013 Historical circumstances and administrative division of the Sanjak of Vidin in 15th and 16th century Zbornik Matice srpske za likovne umetnosti in Serbian Matica 1993 Retrieved 6 September 2013 External links EditVidinskiyat sandzhak prez 15 vek on www vidin online com Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sanjak of Vidin amp oldid 1109100822, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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