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Sandu Popescu

April 11, 2024

Sandu Popescu FRS[3] (born 1956 in Oradea, Romania[citation needed]) is a Romanian-British physicist working in the foundations of quantum mechanics and quantum information.[4]

Sandu Popescu

FRS
Popescu at the Royal Society admissions day in London, July 2017
Born1956 (age 67–68)
Oradea, Romania
Known for
Awards
Scientific career
FieldsPhysics
InstitutionsUniversity of Bristol
Doctoral advisorYakir Aharonov[citation needed]
Websitesandupopescu.com

Education and career edit

He studied with Yakir Aharonov, followed by postdoctoral research positions with François Englert, and then with Abner Shimony and Bahaa Saleh.[citation needed] From 1996 to 1999 he was Reader at the Isaac Newton Institute, University of Cambridge.[citation needed]

Popescu has been Professor of Physics at the University of Bristol since 1999.[citation needed]

Popescu is co-editor and co-author of the first textbook on quantum information and computation.[5]

In 2015, Popescu appeared on Science Channel's Through the Wormhole with Morgan Freeman.

Research edit

His most important contributions are in the area of quantum nonlocality.[citation needed] In collaboration with Daniel Rohrlich, simultaneously and independently from Nicolas Gisin, Popescu showed that non-locality is a generic property of nature: every entangled pure quantum state (i. e. almost every pure state) has nonlocal properties.[6] In collaboration with Charles Bennett, Herbert Bernstein, and Benjamin Schumacher, he established the quantitative theory of entanglement by the discovery of entanglement concentration[7] and dilution, and together with Bennett, Schumacher, Gilles Brassard, John Smolin, and William Wootters a method of entanglement purification (distillation).[8] These works introduced the idea of entanglement manipulation by local operations and classical communication (LOCC), and introduced the notions of entanglement of distillation and entanglement of formation. He also proved that there is a unique measure of entanglement for pure bi-partite quantum states[9] (the von Neumann entropy of the reduced density matrix).

With Daniel Rohrlich, Popescu showed that nonlocal correlations stronger than those allowed by quantum mechanics could exist without violating Einstein's principle of no superluminal signalling.[10] These correlations are now known as Popescu-Rohrlich correlations (PR boxes). This work started the intensive research program taking place at the moment to find new principles of nature that would limit nonlocality to only quantum correlations, and in this way recover quantum mechanics from general principles.

In 1997, he was one of the first researchers to implement quantum teleportation,[11] one of the landmark experiments in quantum information.

Another of Popescu's interests is the foundations of statistical mechanics. In collaboration with Noah Linden, Anthony J. Short and Andreas Winter he proved that virtually any quantum system interacting with a larger system (the "bath") reaches equilibrium.[12] Crucially, this is the first demonstration of equilibration – the most important aspect of statistical mechanics – directly from first principles, without any additional assumptions. The result holds even in situations in which the standard assumptions of statistical mechanics do not apply, such as systems with strong long-range, non-screened interactions where temperature cannot even be defined. In an earlier work with Short and Winter he showed that the so-called equal a priori probability postulate, one of the basic postulates of statistical mechanics, is redundant, and is simply a consequence of typicality.[13] (A similar proof is due to Goldstein et al.[14])

With Yakir Aharonov and his group, Popescu discovered a number of quantum paradoxes, such as the quantum Cheshire cat,[15][16] and the quantum pigeonhole principle.[17][18] They also introduced the idea of superposition of time evolutions.[19]

Together with Serge Massar, Popescu pioneered the study of optimal measurements and proved that in general they require collective (i.e. entangled) measurements on all of the particles in a finite statistical ensemble.[20] Among the counter-intuitive consequences of quantum theory is his discovery with Nicolas Gisin that two antiparallel spins contain more information about their direction than parallel spins.[21]

More recently Popescu's interest is in the thermodynamics of quantum systems. In collaboration with Noah Linden and Paul Skrzypczyk, he described the smallest possible refrigerator,[22] and together with Skrzypczyk and Anthony J. Short, extended the laws of thermodynamics to individual quantum systems.[23]

Awards and honours edit

Popescu has won numerous awards and honours including:

References edit

  1. ^ "2011 John Stewart Bell Prize". Cqiqc.physics.utoronto.ca. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  2. ^ "2016 Dirac Medal". Iop.org. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  3. ^ a b Anon (2017). . Royalsociety.org. Royal Society. Archived from the original on 5 May 2017.
  4. ^ with H.-K. Lo, T. Spiller (Editor) Introduction to Quantum Information and Computation , World Scientific, 1998.
  5. ^ Popescu, editors, Hoi-Kwong Lo, Tim Spiller, Sandu (1998). Introduction To Quantum Computation And Information. Singapore: World Scientific. ISBN 978-981-238-525-3. {{cite book}}: |first1= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ Popescu, Sandu; Rohrlich, Daniel (June 1992). "Generic quantum nonlocality". Physics Letters A. 166 (5–6): 293–297. Bibcode:1992PhLA..166..293P. doi:10.1016/0375-9601(92)90711-T.
  7. ^ Bennett, Charles H.; Bernstein, Herbert J.; Popescu, Sandu; Schumacher, Benjamin (1 April 1996). "Concentrating partial entanglement by local operations". Physical Review A. 53 (4): 2046–2052. arXiv:quant-ph/9511030. Bibcode:1996PhRvA..53.2046B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.53.2046. PMID 9913106. S2CID 8032709.
  8. ^ Bennett, Charles H.; Brassard, Gilles; Popescu, Sandu; Schumacher, Benjamin; Smolin, John A.; Wootters, William K. (29 January 1996). "Purification of Noisy Entanglement and Faithful Teleportation via Noisy Channels". Physical Review Letters. 76 (5): 722–725. arXiv:quant-ph/9511027. Bibcode:1996PhRvL..76..722B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.722. PMID 10061534. S2CID 8236531.
  9. ^ Popescu, Sandu; Rohrlich, Daniel (1 November 1997). "Thermodynamics and the measure of entanglement". Physical Review A. 56 (5): R3319–R3321. arXiv:quant-ph/9610044. Bibcode:1997PhRvA..56.3319P. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.56.R3319. S2CID 18480289.
  10. ^ Popescu, Sandu; Rohrlich, Daniel (March 1994). "Quantum nonlocality as an axiom". Foundations of Physics. 24 (3): 379–385. Bibcode:1994FoPh...24..379P. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.508.4193. doi:10.1007/BF02058098. S2CID 120333148.
  11. ^ Boschi, D.; Branca, S.; De Martini, F.; Hardy, L.; Popescu, S. (9 February 1998). "Experimental Realization of Teleporting an Unknown Pure Quantum State via Dual Classical and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Channels". Physical Review Letters. 80 (6): 1121–1125. arXiv:quant-ph/9710013. Bibcode:1998PhRvL..80.1121B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.1121. S2CID 15020942.
  12. ^ Linden, Noah; Popescu, Sandu; Short, Anthony J.; Winter, Andreas (4 June 2009). "Quantum mechanical evolution towards thermal equilibrium". Physical Review E. 79 (6): 061103. arXiv:0812.2385. Bibcode:2009PhRvE..79f1103L. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.79.061103. PMID 19658469. S2CID 29261455.
  13. ^ Popescu, Sandu; Short, Anthony J.; Winter, Andreas (29 October 2006). "Entanglement and the foundations of statistical mechanics". Nature Physics. 2 (11): 754–758. arXiv:quant-ph/0511225. Bibcode:2006NatPh...2..754P. doi:10.1038/nphys444. S2CID 44243736.
  14. ^ Goldstein, Sheldon; Lebowitz, Joel L.; Tumulka, Roderich; Zanghì, Nino (8 February 2006). "Canonical Typicality". Physical Review Letters. 96 (5): 050403. arXiv:cond-mat/0511091. Bibcode:2006PhRvL..96e0403G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.050403. PMID 16486907. S2CID 2110805.
  15. ^ Aharonov, Yakir; Popescu, Sandu; Rohrlich, Daniel; Skrzypczyk, Paul (7 November 2013). "Quantum Cheshire Cats". New Journal of Physics. 15 (11): 113015. arXiv:1202.0631. Bibcode:2013NJPh...15k3015A. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/15/11/113015. S2CID 55422570.
  16. ^ "'Quantum Cheshire Cat' becomes reality".
  17. ^ Aharonov, Yakir; Colombo, Fabrizio; Popescu, Sandu; Sabadini, Irene; Struppa, Daniele C.; Tollaksen, Jeff (19 January 2016). "Quantum violation of the pigeonhole principle and the nature of quantum correlations". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (3): 532–535. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113..532A. doi:10.1073/pnas.1522411112. PMC 4725468. PMID 26729862.
  18. ^ "Pigeon paradox reveals quantum cosmic connections". Newscientist.com. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  19. ^ Aharonov, Yakir; Anandan, Jeeva; Popescu, Sandu; Vaidman, Lev (18 June 1990). "Superpositions of time evolutions of a quantum system and a quantum time-translation machine". Physical Review Letters. 64 (25): 2965–2968. Bibcode:1990PhRvL..64.2965A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.64.2965. PMID 10041860.
  20. ^ Massar, S.; Popescu, S. (20 February 1995). "Optimal Extraction of Information from Finite Quantum Ensembles" (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 74 (8): 1259–1263. Bibcode:1995PhRvL..74.1259M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.1259. PMID 10058975.
  21. ^ Gisin, N.; Popescu, S. (12 July 1999). "Spin Flips and Quantum Information for Antiparallel Spins". Physical Review Letters. 83 (2): 432–435. arXiv:quant-ph/9901072. Bibcode:1999PhRvL..83..432G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.432. S2CID 55002749.
  22. ^ Linden, Noah; Popescu, Sandu; Skrzypczyk, Paul (21 September 2010). "How Small Can Thermal Machines Be? The Smallest Possible Refrigerator". Physical Review Letters. 105 (13): 130401. arXiv:0908.2076. Bibcode:2010PhRvL.105m0401L. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.130401. PMID 21230755. S2CID 2707740.
  23. ^ Skrzypczyk, Paul; Short, Anthony J.; Popescu, Sandu (2014). "Work extraction and thermodynamics for individual quantum systems". Nature Communications. 5: 4185. arXiv:1307.1558. Bibcode:2014NatCo...5.4185S. doi:10.1038/ncomms5185. PMID 24969511. S2CID 205326939.
  24. ^ "Cozzarelli Prize". Pnas.org. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  25. ^ "Royal Society announces next round of prestigious Wolfson Research Merit Awards". Royalsociety.org. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  26. ^ "Sandu Popescu". Cqiqc.physics.utoronto.ca. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  27. ^ "Professor Popescu awarded ERC Advanced Research Grant". Bristol.ac.uk. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  28. ^ "Members, Institute of Quantum Studies, Chapman University". Chapman.edu. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  29. ^ "Award winners: Clifford Paterson Lecture". Docs.google.com. Retrieved 22 December 2017.

External links edit

  • Academic page University of Bristol
  • Through the Wormhole with Morgan Freeman – Can Time go Backwards?

April 11, 2024
sandu, popescu, this, biography, living, person, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, adding, reliable, sources, contentious, material, about, living, persons, that, unsourced, poorly, sourced, must, removed, immediately, from, article, ta. This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification Please help by adding reliable sources Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page especially if potentially libelous Find sources Sandu Popescu news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article relies excessively on references to primary sources Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources Find sources Sandu Popescu news newspapers books scholar JSTOR October 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message Sandu Popescu FRS 3 born 1956 in Oradea Romania citation needed is a Romanian British physicist working in the foundations of quantum mechanics and quantum information 4 Sandu PopescuFRSPopescu at the Royal Society admissions day in London July 2017Born1956 age 67 68 Oradea RomaniaKnown forEntanglement distillation Quantum teleportation Quantum nonlocality Superquantum nonlocality Quantum Cheshire catAwardsAdams Prize 2001 Clifford Paterson Lecture 2004 John Stewart Bell Prize 2011 1 Wolfson Research Merit Award 2012 IOP Dirac Medal 2016 2 Scientific careerFieldsPhysicsInstitutionsUniversity of BristolDoctoral advisorYakir Aharonov citation needed Websitesandupopescu wbr com Contents 1 Education and career 2 Research 3 Awards and honours 4 References 5 External linksEducation and career editHe studied with Yakir Aharonov followed by postdoctoral research positions with Francois Englert and then with Abner Shimony and Bahaa Saleh citation needed From 1996 to 1999 he was Reader at the Isaac Newton Institute University of Cambridge citation needed Popescu has been Professor of Physics at the University of Bristol since 1999 citation needed Popescu is co editor and co author of the first textbook on quantum information and computation 5 In 2015 Popescu appeared on Science Channel s Through the Wormhole with Morgan Freeman Research editHis most important contributions are in the area of quantum nonlocality citation needed In collaboration with Daniel Rohrlich simultaneously and independently from Nicolas Gisin Popescu showed that non locality is a generic property of nature every entangled pure quantum state i e almost every pure state has nonlocal properties 6 In collaboration with Charles Bennett Herbert Bernstein and Benjamin Schumacher he established the quantitative theory of entanglement by the discovery of entanglement concentration 7 and dilution and together with Bennett Schumacher Gilles Brassard John Smolin and William Wootters a method of entanglement purification distillation 8 These works introduced the idea of entanglement manipulation by local operations and classical communication LOCC and introduced the notions of entanglement of distillation and entanglement of formation He also proved that there is a unique measure of entanglement for pure bi partite quantum states 9 the von Neumann entropy of the reduced density matrix With Daniel Rohrlich Popescu showed that nonlocal correlations stronger than those allowed by quantum mechanics could exist without violating Einstein s principle of no superluminal signalling 10 These correlations are now known as Popescu Rohrlich correlations PR boxes This work started the intensive research program taking place at the moment to find new principles of nature that would limit nonlocality to only quantum correlations and in this way recover quantum mechanics from general principles In 1997 he was one of the first researchers to implement quantum teleportation 11 one of the landmark experiments in quantum information Another of Popescu s interests is the foundations of statistical mechanics In collaboration with Noah Linden Anthony J Short and Andreas Winter he proved that virtually any quantum system interacting with a larger system the bath reaches equilibrium 12 Crucially this is the first demonstration of equilibration the most important aspect of statistical mechanics directly from first principles without any additional assumptions The result holds even in situations in which the standard assumptions of statistical mechanics do not apply such as systems with strong long range non screened interactions where temperature cannot even be defined In an earlier work with Short and Winter he showed that the so called equal a priori probability postulate one of the basic postulates of statistical mechanics is redundant and is simply a consequence of typicality 13 A similar proof is due to Goldstein et al 14 With Yakir Aharonov and his group Popescu discovered a number of quantum paradoxes such as the quantum Cheshire cat 15 16 and the quantum pigeonhole principle 17 18 They also introduced the idea of superposition of time evolutions 19 Together with Serge Massar Popescu pioneered the study of optimal measurements and proved that in general they require collective i e entangled measurements on all of the particles in a finite statistical ensemble 20 Among the counter intuitive consequences of quantum theory is his discovery with Nicolas Gisin that two antiparallel spins contain more information about their direction than parallel spins 21 More recently Popescu s interest is in the thermodynamics of quantum systems In collaboration with Noah Linden and Paul Skrzypczyk he described the smallest possible refrigerator 22 and together with Skrzypczyk and Anthony J Short extended the laws of thermodynamics to individual quantum systems 23 Awards and honours editPopescu has won numerous awards and honours including 2017 Elected Fellow of the Royal Society 3 2016 Dirac Medal from the Institute of Physics 2016 Cozzarelli Prize 24 2012 Wolfson Research Merit Award 25 awarded by the Royal Society 2012 2015 Templeton Frontiers Distinguished Visiting Research Chair Perimeter Institute 2011 John Stewart Bell Prize 26 2011 European Research Council ERC Advanced Grant on Nonlocality in Space and Time 27 2011 present Distinguished Research Chair 28 Chapman University 2010 The Ambassador s Diploma citation needed awarded by the Romanian Embassy 2009 2011 Distinguished Research Chair Perimeter Institute citation needed 2004 Clifford Paterson Lecture 29 awarded by The Royal Society 2001 Adams Prize awarded by the Faculty of Mathematics University of CambridgeReferences edit 2011 John Stewart Bell Prize Cqiqc physics utoronto ca Retrieved 22 December 2017 2016 Dirac Medal Iop org Retrieved 22 December 2017 a b Anon 2017 Sandu Popescu Royalsociety org Royal Society Archived from the original on 5 May 2017 with H K Lo T Spiller Editor Introduction to Quantum Information and Computation World Scientific 1998 Popescu editors Hoi Kwong Lo Tim Spiller Sandu 1998 Introduction To Quantum Computation And Information Singapore World Scientific ISBN 978 981 238 525 3 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a first1 has generic name help CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Popescu Sandu Rohrlich Daniel June 1992 Generic quantum nonlocality Physics Letters A 166 5 6 293 297 Bibcode 1992PhLA 166 293P doi 10 1016 0375 9601 92 90711 T Bennett Charles H Bernstein Herbert J Popescu Sandu Schumacher Benjamin 1 April 1996 Concentrating partial entanglement by local operations Physical Review A 53 4 2046 2052 arXiv quant ph 9511030 Bibcode 1996PhRvA 53 2046B doi 10 1103 PhysRevA 53 2046 PMID 9913106 S2CID 8032709 Bennett Charles H Brassard Gilles Popescu Sandu Schumacher Benjamin Smolin John A Wootters William K 29 January 1996 Purification of Noisy Entanglement and Faithful Teleportation via Noisy Channels Physical Review Letters 76 5 722 725 arXiv quant ph 9511027 Bibcode 1996PhRvL 76 722B doi 10 1103 PhysRevLett 76 722 PMID 10061534 S2CID 8236531 Popescu Sandu Rohrlich Daniel 1 November 1997 Thermodynamics and the measure of entanglement Physical Review A 56 5 R3319 R3321 arXiv quant ph 9610044 Bibcode 1997PhRvA 56 3319P doi 10 1103 PhysRevA 56 R3319 S2CID 18480289 Popescu Sandu Rohrlich Daniel March 1994 Quantum nonlocality as an axiom Foundations of Physics 24 3 379 385 Bibcode 1994FoPh 24 379P CiteSeerX 10 1 1 508 4193 doi 10 1007 BF02058098 S2CID 120333148 Boschi D Branca S De Martini F Hardy L Popescu S 9 February 1998 Experimental Realization of Teleporting an Unknown Pure Quantum State via Dual Classical and Einstein Podolsky Rosen Channels Physical Review Letters 80 6 1121 1125 arXiv quant ph 9710013 Bibcode 1998PhRvL 80 1121B doi 10 1103 PhysRevLett 80 1121 S2CID 15020942 Linden Noah Popescu Sandu Short Anthony J Winter Andreas 4 June 2009 Quantum mechanical evolution towards thermal equilibrium Physical Review E 79 6 061103 arXiv 0812 2385 Bibcode 2009PhRvE 79f1103L doi 10 1103 PhysRevE 79 061103 PMID 19658469 S2CID 29261455 Popescu Sandu Short Anthony J Winter Andreas 29 October 2006 Entanglement and the foundations of statistical mechanics Nature Physics 2 11 754 758 arXiv quant ph 0511225 Bibcode 2006NatPh 2 754P doi 10 1038 nphys444 S2CID 44243736 Goldstein Sheldon Lebowitz Joel L Tumulka Roderich Zanghi Nino 8 February 2006 Canonical Typicality Physical Review Letters 96 5 050403 arXiv cond mat 0511091 Bibcode 2006PhRvL 96e0403G doi 10 1103 PhysRevLett 96 050403 PMID 16486907 S2CID 2110805 Aharonov Yakir Popescu Sandu Rohrlich Daniel Skrzypczyk Paul 7 November 2013 Quantum Cheshire Cats New Journal of Physics 15 11 113015 arXiv 1202 0631 Bibcode 2013NJPh 15k3015A doi 10 1088 1367 2630 15 11 113015 S2CID 55422570 Quantum Cheshire Cat becomes reality Aharonov Yakir Colombo Fabrizio Popescu Sandu Sabadini Irene Struppa Daniele C Tollaksen Jeff 19 January 2016 Quantum violation of the pigeonhole principle and the nature of quantum correlations Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113 3 532 535 Bibcode 2016PNAS 113 532A doi 10 1073 pnas 1522411112 PMC 4725468 PMID 26729862 Pigeon paradox reveals quantum cosmic connections Newscientist com Retrieved 22 December 2017 Aharonov Yakir Anandan Jeeva Popescu Sandu Vaidman Lev 18 June 1990 Superpositions of time evolutions of a quantum system and a quantum time translation machine Physical Review Letters 64 25 2965 2968 Bibcode 1990PhRvL 64 2965A doi 10 1103 PhysRevLett 64 2965 PMID 10041860 Massar S Popescu S 20 February 1995 Optimal Extraction of Information from Finite Quantum Ensembles PDF Physical Review Letters 74 8 1259 1263 Bibcode 1995PhRvL 74 1259M doi 10 1103 PhysRevLett 74 1259 PMID 10058975 Gisin N Popescu S 12 July 1999 Spin Flips and Quantum Information for Antiparallel Spins Physical Review Letters 83 2 432 435 arXiv quant ph 9901072 Bibcode 1999PhRvL 83 432G doi 10 1103 PhysRevLett 83 432 S2CID 55002749 Linden Noah Popescu Sandu Skrzypczyk Paul 21 September 2010 How Small Can Thermal Machines Be The Smallest Possible Refrigerator Physical Review Letters 105 13 130401 arXiv 0908 2076 Bibcode 2010PhRvL 105m0401L doi 10 1103 PhysRevLett 105 130401 PMID 21230755 S2CID 2707740 Skrzypczyk Paul Short Anthony J Popescu Sandu 2014 Work extraction and thermodynamics for individual quantum systems Nature Communications 5 4185 arXiv 1307 1558 Bibcode 2014NatCo 5 4185S doi 10 1038 ncomms5185 PMID 24969511 S2CID 205326939 Cozzarelli Prize Pnas org Retrieved 22 December 2017 Royal Society announces next round of prestigious Wolfson Research Merit Awards Royalsociety org Retrieved 22 December 2017 Sandu Popescu Cqiqc physics utoronto ca Retrieved 22 December 2017 Professor Popescu awarded ERC Advanced Research Grant Bristol ac uk Retrieved 22 December 2017 Members Institute of Quantum Studies Chapman University Chapman edu Retrieved 22 December 2017 Award winners Clifford Paterson Lecture Docs google com Retrieved 22 December 2017 External links editAcademic page University of Bristol Through the Wormhole with Morgan Freeman Can Time go Backwards Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sandu Popescu amp oldid 1205302735, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, 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