Luis González Obregon describes the three basic types of tunics used to distinguish those being punished by the Inquisition. These were the Samarra, Fuego revolto, and the Sambenito. The Samarra was painted with dragons, devils, and flames amongst which the image of the prisoner could be distinguished, signifying that the impenitent heretic was condemned to be burnt alive at the stake. The Fuego revolto was painted simply with flames pointing downwards, signifying that the heretic who became penitent after being condemned was not to be burnt alive at the stake, but was to have the mercy of being strangled before the fire was lit. Finally the Sambenito featured red saltires, whose wearer was only to do penance. Eventually all three types of tunics became known as sambenito; a conical cap, denominated coroza (and capirote), of the same material and motifs as the corresponding sambenito, would also be worn.
The three sanbenitos engraved by Cornelis Vermeulen for Gabriel Dellon's Relation de l'inquisition de Goa, 1688
The Samarra
The Fuego revolto
The Sambenito
The heretics, found guilty by the inquisitors, had to walk in the procession wearing the sambenito as a Shirt of Flame, the coroza, the rope around the neck, the rosary, and in their hands a yellow or green wax candle.
Originally the penitential garments were hung up in the churches as mementos of disgrace to their wearers, and as the trophies of the Holy Inquisition. The lists of the punished were also called sambenitos. The bearers of the surnames of those listed in the church of Santo Domingo in Palma de Mallorca were discriminated against as xuetas (the local name for Converso Jews), even when those surnames were also borne by Old Christians and the surnames of other Majorcan Judaizers were not preserved at the cathedral.
The sanbenito should not be confused with the yellow robes worn by some monks; which are also garments related to penitence and which is one reason that caused the Inquisition to prefer common woollen dyed yellow with red crosses for the sambenito. Such were the penitential robes in 1514, when Cardinal Francisco Ximénez de Cisneros replaced the common crosses with those of Saint Andrew. The inquisitors afterwards designated a different tunic for each class of penitents.
In the 1945 edition of México Viejo, Luis González Obregón shows images from Felipe A. Limborch's Historia Inquisitionis, dated 1692, which were images of Sanbenitos used in the Inquisition.
González Obregon, Luis (1945). Època Colonial, México Viejo, Noticias Históricas, Tradiciones, Leyendas y Costumbres. Editorial Patria, S.A. pp. 107–108.
February 26, 2023
sanbenito, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, august, 2018, le. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Sanbenito news newspapers books scholar JSTOR August 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message Sanbenito Spanish sambenito 1 2 Catalan gramalleta sambenet Portuguese sambenito was a penitential garment that was used especially during the Spanish Inquisition It was similar to a scapular either yellow with red saltires for penitent heretics or black and decorated with devils and flames for impenitent heretics to wear at an auto da fe meaning act of faith 3 A convicted heretic before the Inquisition wearing a sanbenito and capirote Francisco de Goya Contents 1 Etymology 2 Description and use 3 See also 4 Citations 5 General referencesEtymology Edit San Benito is the Spanish name of either Benedict the Moor or Benedict of Nursia An alternative etymology by Covarrubias and former editions of the Diccionario de la Real Academia Espanola has it from saco bendito blessed sack Americo Castro proved that it does not come from saco bendito 4 Description and use EditLuis Gonzalez Obregon describes the three basic types of tunics used to distinguish those being punished by the Inquisition These were the Samarra Fuego revolto and the Sambenito The Samarra was painted with dragons devils and flames amongst which the image of the prisoner could be distinguished signifying that the impenitent heretic was condemned to be burnt alive at the stake The Fuego revolto was painted simply with flames pointing downwards signifying that the heretic who became penitent after being condemned was not to be burnt alive at the stake but was to have the mercy of being strangled before the fire was lit Finally the Sambenito featured red saltires whose wearer was only to do penance Eventually all three types of tunics became known as sambenito a conical cap denominated coroza and capirote of the same material and motifs as the corresponding sambenito would also be worn The three sanbenitos engraved by Cornelis Vermeulen for Gabriel Dellon s Relation de l inquisition de Goa 1688 The Samarra The Fuego revolto The SambenitoThe heretics found guilty by the inquisitors had to walk in the procession wearing the sambenito as a Shirt of Flame the coroza the rope around the neck the rosary and in their hands a yellow or green wax candle Originally the penitential garments were hung up in the churches as mementos of disgrace to their wearers and as the trophies of the Holy Inquisition The lists of the punished were also called sambenitos The bearers of the surnames of those listed in the church of Santo Domingo in Palma de Mallorca were discriminated against as xuetas the local name for Converso Jews even when those surnames were also borne by Old Christians and the surnames of other Majorcan Judaizers were not preserved at the cathedral The sanbenito should not be confused with the yellow robes worn by some monks which are also garments related to penitence and which is one reason that caused the Inquisition to prefer common woollen dyed yellow with red crosses for the sambenito Such were the penitential robes in 1514 when Cardinal Francisco Ximenez de Cisneros replaced the common crosses with those of Saint Andrew The inquisitors afterwards designated a different tunic for each class of penitents In the 1945 edition of Mexico Viejo Luis Gonzalez Obregon shows images from Felipe A Limborch s Historia Inquisitionis dated 1692 which were images of Sanbenitos used in the Inquisition See also EditCapirote Inquisition Inquisitorial system List of Grand Inquisitors of Spain Histoire de l Inquisition en France Sackcloth Vatican Secret ArchivesCitations Edit sambenito at the Diccionario de la Real Academia Espanola Archived 2011 06 08 at the Wayback Machine Swimming the Christian Atlantic Judeoconversos Afroiberians and Amerindians in the Seventeenth Century Jonathan Schorsch BRILL 2009 pag 99 sanbenito in Merriam Webster s Online Dictionary Americo Castro Revista de Filologia Espanola XV 179 80 Quoted in santo Diccionario critico etimologico de la lengua castellana volume 4 page 143 25 Joan Corominas Francke Verlag Bern 1954 ISBN 978 84 249 1361 8 General references EditGonzalez Obregon Luis 1945 Epoca Colonial Mexico Viejo Noticias Historicas Tradiciones Leyendas y Costumbres Editorial Patria S A pp 107 108 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sanbenito amp oldid 1136659562, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
