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Samtökin '78

January 20, 2023

Samtökin '78 (officially The National Queer Organisation in English)[1] is the national queer organisation of Iceland, which is an NGO dedicated to the interest and rights of lesbian, homosexual, bisexual, asexual, pansexual, transgender and intersex people in Iceland. The organisation provides education about LGBTQIA+ related matters, counselling and legal consultation for queer people in addition to running a youth club for young people that identify as queer and hosting open houses once a week intended for queer people and their allies.[2][3][4]

Organisation

The first chairperson of the group was Guðni Baldursson [is].[5] As of March 2022, the chairperson of the organization was Álfur Birkir, succeeding Þorbjörg Þorvaldsdóttir.[6] In April 2022, the organisation had four employees.[7][8] As of 2020, it also had ten contractors.[9] As of 2018, the group's executive director was Daníel E. Arnarsson [is].[1]

The organisation receives funding from the government for providing education, consultation, and services.[10][11] In 2017, the national government of Iceland granted them 6 million Icelandic króna (ISK). This was doubled to a grant of 12 million in 2018. They then received a grant of 15 million ISK in 2019.[10] In 2020, it came to an agreement with the government of Reykjavík to receive 8.7 million ISK annually, for three years.[8]

The organisation has a number of partnered groups that it collaborates with. These include Hinsegin dagar [is], HIN – Hinsegin Norðurland [is], Trans Ísland, Intersex Ísland [is], Q – félag hinsegin stúdenta [is] (the affiliated queer students' organisation), BDSM á Íslandi [is], Hinsegin kórinn [is], and Íþróttafélagið Styrmir [is].[2] At least some of these, such as the students' group that was founded in 1999, operated as independent subgroups within Samtökin '78.[12][13]

History

Samtökin '78 - The National Organisation for Lesbians and Gay Men in Iceland was founded on May 2, 1978 primarily by Hörður Torfason as a scene for the social life of gay people and the fight for gay rights in Iceland.[5][14][15][16] Its name and original rulebook were inspired by that of Forbundet af 1948, a Danish organisation that was also named after the year it was founded.[17][15] At founding, the group had twenty members who were all men. However, a number of women joined in the first year, and the amount of gay men and lesbians eventually became about equal.[15]

The first declaration published by the group stated, "We, lesbians and gay men in Iceland, want to share our knowledge with other homosexuals, to strengthen their understanding of themselves, and to encourage them to strengthen their self-respect. We want to increase awareness of our situation in the society at large so people will understand that we are a normal part of society. We want to enjoy the full ethical and legal rights; without discrimination, but we don't ask for special treatment."[15]

In March 1978, the organisation was denied publication of an advertisement for its meeting by the national radio service, RÚV.[18][15] The group lobbied for usage of their preferred terms for "lesbians" and "gays" ("lesbíur" and "hommar"), as opposed to the derogatory phrase "kynvillingar", which meant "sexual deviants", that the radio service would have required them to use in order to publish an advertisement.[18][19][15] The national radio service then argued that they should use "proper Icelandic" rather than language that "violates popular taste and decency" if they wished to publish an advertisement. This debate continued for years.[15]

Samtökin '78 orchestrated a campaign to bring wider visibility to gay people in Iceland, staging meetings and debates about gay and lesbian topics.[14][20] Before the existence of the organisation, gay people were rarely discussed in Iceland.[15] The first public protests held by the organisation took place in 1982, in Reykjavík. They were supported by gay rights organisations in other Nordic countries.[17]

During the HIV/AIDS crisis in Iceland, there was a split in the organisation between some of its gay men and lesbians due to the focus on HIV-related issues at that time. A splinter group for lesbians called Íslensk Lesbíska was formed. According to Thorvaldur Kristinsson, who had been the chairperson of the organisation at that time, "What happened here was, as far as I understand, somewhat opposite to what happened in the [United States], where the AIDS crisis brought men and women together. The girls [here] complained repeatedly about being left behind. They didn’t participate, they couldn't involve themselves in the AIDS work. They didn’t sense the fear and desperation that we did."[21] At that time, the organisation was involved with educating people on the topic of HIV/AIDS, including its own membership.[20]

In 1992 the organisation allowed bisexual people to join, and in 2007 transgender people were also welcomed. Subsequently the organisation changed its name to Samtökin '78 - The National Queer Organisation of Iceland.[22] Torfason left the group in 1993, and later criticised aspects of the group.[1] The group helped to legalise gay civil unions in Iceland.[23] In 1996, the group organised a celebration of the first gay couples to receive registered civil unions in the country. The event was supported by the government of Reykjavík and attended by many notable Icelandic figures such as presidential candidates, religious leaders, and celebrities.[24]

In 2010, the group granted a human rights award to the Church of Iceland after 111 religious leaders signed an article supporting gay marriage.[25] In August 2015, the organisation ran a contest called Hýryrði 2015 (Queer Words 2015) attempting to translate sixteen LGBT+ phrases into the Icelandic language. The results were announced on Icelandic Language Day.[26][19] The contest has since then been held every year.[27] In 2015, the group experienced a conflict with the Church of Iceland about whether ministers should be able to refuse to approve a gay marriage.[28][29] That year, the organisation held educational lectures at 29 of Iceland's schools.[30][31]

In 2020, they released a survey of LGBT youth reporting their experiences with harassment and assault.[32][33][34] In June 2021, they awarded a badge to former Prime Minister of Iceland Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir as the first openly gay head of government in the world.[35] In September 2021, the group assessed each of Iceland's political parties' platforms, based on how thoroughly they addressed LGBT issues.[36] As of 2021, the group also compiled data on suspected hate crimes in Iceland, in the absence of officially collected statistics by the national government. The group has lobbied for the government to collect this information and to create a program to prevent these incidents from occurring.[37]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Fontaine, Andie Sophia (29 June 2018). "The March Of Progress: The National Queer Organisation Turns 40". The Reykjavík Grapevine. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  2. ^ a b "The National Queer Organisation of Iceland". Retrieved 2018-04-21.
  3. ^ "Reykjanesbær styrkir samtökin '78" [Reykjanesbær sponsors the association '78]. Víkurfréttir (in Icelandic). 5 November 2020. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  4. ^ "Foreigners Welcome At Queer Organisation Open House Tonight". The Reykjavík Grapevine. Gay Iceland. 10 December 2015. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  5. ^ a b Hansson, Gunnar; Gunnarsdóttir, Guðrún (8 September 2020). Einarsdóttir, Júlía Margrét (ed.). "Enginn vildi hlusta á "kynvillingatónlist"". RÚV (in Icelandic). Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  6. ^ Albertsson, Þórgnýr Einar (6 March 2022). "Álfur Birkir nýr formaður Samtakanna 78" [Álfur Birkir new chairman of the Association 78]. RÚV (in Icelandic). Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  7. ^ "Álfur Birkir's vision for Samtökin '78: "We need to get to work"". Gay Iceland. 5 April 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  8. ^ a b Rögnvaldsson, Freyr (4 December 2020). "Borgin semur við Samtökin '78" [The city agrees with Samtökin '78]. Stundin (in Icelandic). Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  9. ^ Jóhannsdóttir, Hildur Margrét (30 September 2020). ""Uppsagnirnar eru algjör varúðarráðstöfun"" ["The redundancies are a precautionary measure"]. RÚV (in Icelandic). Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  10. ^ a b Kyzer, Larissa (8 February 2019). "Samtökin '78 Receives ISK 15 Million for Outreach and Education". Iceland Review. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  11. ^ Josephson, Jyl (2012). "Gender Equality and Trans Issues in Iceland". APSA 2012 Annual Meeting Paper. Rochester, NY: 4. SSRN 2108934 – via Social Science Research Network.
  12. ^ Josephson, Jyl; Einarsdóttir, Þorgerður; Sigurðardóttir, Svandís Anna (December 2017). "Queering the trans: Gender and sexuality binaries in Icelandic trans, queer, and feminist communities". European Journal of Women's Studies. 24 (1): 70–84. doi:10.1177/1350506815625694. ISSN 1350-5068. S2CID 55534362.
  13. ^ Sólveigar- Guðmundsdóttir, Linda (2018-08-01). "Exclusionary moments: Queer desires and migrants' sense of (un)belonging". Emotion, Space and Society. 28: 32–38. doi:10.1016/j.emospa.2018.06.003. ISSN 1755-4586. S2CID 240328898.
  14. ^ a b Kjaran, Jón Ingvar; Jóhannesson, Ingólfur Ásgeir (1 October 2013). "Manifestations of Heterosexism in Icelandic Upper Secondary Schools and the Responses of LGBT Students". Journal of LGBT Youth. 10 (4): 351–372. doi:10.1080/19361653.2013.824373. ISSN 1936-1653. S2CID 144503404.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h Rydström, Jens; Mustola, Kati (2007). Criminally Queer : Homosexuality and Criminal Law in Scandinavia 1842-1999. Aksant Academic Publishers. pp. 34, 118, 135, 138. doi:10.26530/oapen_353810. ISBN 978-90-5260-245-5.
  16. ^ Aldrich, Robert; Wotherspoon, Garry (2020-10-28). Who's Who in Contemporary Gay and Lesbian History. Routledge. p. 406. ISBN 978-1-000-10075-4. ...Samtökin '78, which was formally established on 2 May 1978.
  17. ^ a b Thorhallsson, Baldur (2018-10-03). Small States and Shelter Theory: Iceland's External Affairs. Routledge. p. 118. ISBN 978-0-429-87180-1.
  18. ^ a b Rydström, Jens (2011), "The road to registered partnership", Odd Couples, A History of Gay Marriage in Scandinavia, Amsterdam University Press, pp. 39–68, ISBN 978-90-5260-381-0, JSTOR j.ctt6wp6dm.5, retrieved 2022-04-22
  19. ^ a b Friðriksson, Finnur (22 June 2017). "Research on language and gender in Iceland: History and current trends". HumaNetten. University of Akureyri (38): 7–24. doi:10.15626/hn.20173802. ISSN 1403-2279 – via Opin vísindi.
  20. ^ a b Kjaran, Jón Ingvar (20 February 2017). Constructing Sexualities and Gendered Bodies in School Spaces: Nordic Insights on Queer and Transgender Students. Springer. pp. 68–69. ISBN 978-1-137-53333-3.
  21. ^ Rydström, Jens (February 2008). "Legalizing Love in a Cold Climate: The History, Consequences and Recent Developments of Registered Partnership in Scandinavia". Sexualities. 11 (1–2): 193–226. doi:10.1177/1363460707085470. ISSN 1363-4607. S2CID 144912045.
  22. ^ "Samtökin '78 - Hinsegin frá Ö til A". Hinsegin frá Ö til A (in Icelandic). Retrieved 2018-04-21.
  23. ^ Myers, JoAnne (20 August 2009). The A to Z of the Lesbian Liberation Movement: Still the Rage. Scarecrow Press. p. 219. ISBN 978-0-8108-6327-9.
  24. ^ Einarsdóttir, Anna (October 2013). "They married for love but keep it quiet: Same sex partners in Iceland". Sexualities. 16 (7): 788–806. doi:10.1177/1363460713497213. ISSN 1363-4607. S2CID 147006516.
  25. ^ Eriksson, Anne-Louise; Gunner, Goran; Blader, Niclas (2012-11-08). Exploring a Heritage: Evangelical Lutheran Churches in the North. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 113. ISBN 978-1-62032-102-7.
  26. ^ Fontaine, Andie Sophia (6 August 2015). "Icelanders In Search Of Neologisms For LGBTQAI+ Contexts". The Reykjavík Grapevine. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  27. ^ Kyzer, Larissa (19 February 2022). "Icelandic Sign Language Adopts Four New LGBTQIA+ Signs". Iceland Review. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
  28. ^ Guðbrandsdóttir, Kristjana Björg; Sigurbjörnsson, Stefán Rafn (24 September 2015). "Samtökin 78 vilja fara í mál vegna kirkjunnar" [Samtökin 78 wants to sue because of the church]. Vísir.is (in Icelandic). Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  29. ^ Benjamin, Gabríel (9 October 2015). "Refusing Your Rights With A Clean Conscience". The Reykjavík Grapevine. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  30. ^ Kjaran, Jón Ingvar; Lehtonen, Jukka (3 October 2018). "Windows of opportunities: Nordic perspectives on sexual diversity in education". International Journal of Inclusive Education. 22 (10): 1035–1047. doi:10.1080/13603116.2017.1414319. hdl:20.500.11815/1889. ISSN 1360-3116. S2CID 149119857.
  31. ^ Kjaran, Jón Ingvar; Lehtonen, Jukka (2020), Francis, Dennis A.; Kjaran, Jón Ingvar; Lehtonen, Jukka (eds.), "Educational Outreach Work in Nordic Countries: Challenges, Tensions, and Contradictions for Queering Schools and Teaching About Sexual and Gender Diversity", Queer Social Movements and Outreach Work in Schools: A Global Perspective, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 15–37, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-41610-2_2, ISBN 978-3-030-41610-2, S2CID 216201419, retrieved 2022-04-22
  32. ^ Kyzer, Larissa (16 August 2020). "One in Twenty LGBTQIA+ Students Have Been Physically Assaulted". Iceland Review. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  33. ^ Eyjólfsson, Magnús Geir (15 August 2020). "Verða fyrir líkamsárásum vegna kynhneigðar" [Physical assault due to sexual orientation]. RÚV (in Icelandic). Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  34. ^ Jónsdóttir, Hallgerður Kolbrún E.; Sigurðardóttir, Elísabet Inga (15 August 2020). "Einn af hverjum tuttugu hinsegin nemendum orðið fyrir líkamsárás í skóla" [One in twenty gay students has been physically assaulted at school]. Vísir.is (in Icelandic). Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  35. ^ Ćirić, Jelena (28 June 2021). "First Openly LGBT Head of Government Honoured by Samtökin '78". Iceland Review. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  36. ^ Ingólfsson, Arnar Þór (11 September 2021). "Léleg einkunn frá Samtökunum '78 þýðir ekki að flokkar standi gegn hinsegin fólki" [A poor rating from the Association '78 does not mean that parties oppose gay people]. Kjarninn (in Icelandic). Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  37. ^ Hate crimes targeting LGBTI people in the Nordic countries: A survey of strategies, methods and initiatives. Nordic Gender Institute. Nordic Council of Ministers. 19 November 2021. p. 42. ISBN 978-92-893-7199-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)

Further reading

  • 40th annual publication of the Samtökin '78 — via Timarit.is (in Icelandic)
  • Tabú by Ævar Örn Jósepsson (2008) — biography of the group's founder, Hörður Torfason

External links

  • Samtökin '78

January 20, 2023
samtökin, officially, national, queer, organisation, english, national, queer, organisation, iceland, which, dedicated, interest, rights, lesbian, homosexual, bisexual, asexual, pansexual, transgender, intersex, people, iceland, organisation, provides, educati. Samtokin 78 officially The National Queer Organisation in English 1 is the national queer organisation of Iceland which is an NGO dedicated to the interest and rights of lesbian homosexual bisexual asexual pansexual transgender and intersex people in Iceland The organisation provides education about LGBTQIA related matters counselling and legal consultation for queer people in addition to running a youth club for young people that identify as queer and hosting open houses once a week intended for queer people and their allies 2 3 4 Contents 1 Organisation 2 History 3 See also 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksOrganisation EditThe first chairperson of the group was Gudni Baldursson is 5 As of March 2022 the chairperson of the organization was Alfur Birkir succeeding THorbjorg THorvaldsdottir 6 In April 2022 the organisation had four employees 7 8 As of 2020 it also had ten contractors 9 As of 2018 the group s executive director was Daniel E Arnarsson is 1 The organisation receives funding from the government for providing education consultation and services 10 11 In 2017 the national government of Iceland granted them 6 million Icelandic krona ISK This was doubled to a grant of 12 million in 2018 They then received a grant of 15 million ISK in 2019 10 In 2020 it came to an agreement with the government of Reykjavik to receive 8 7 million ISK annually for three years 8 The organisation has a number of partnered groups that it collaborates with These include Hinsegin dagar is HIN Hinsegin Nordurland is Trans Island Intersex Island is Q felag hinsegin studenta is the affiliated queer students organisation BDSM a Islandi is Hinsegin korinn is and Ithrottafelagid Styrmir is 2 At least some of these such as the students group that was founded in 1999 operated as independent subgroups within Samtokin 78 12 13 History EditSamtokin 78 The National Organisation for Lesbians and Gay Men in Iceland was founded on May 2 1978 primarily by Hordur Torfason as a scene for the social life of gay people and the fight for gay rights in Iceland 5 14 15 16 Its name and original rulebook were inspired by that of Forbundet af 1948 a Danish organisation that was also named after the year it was founded 17 15 At founding the group had twenty members who were all men However a number of women joined in the first year and the amount of gay men and lesbians eventually became about equal 15 The first declaration published by the group stated We lesbians and gay men in Iceland want to share our knowledge with other homosexuals to strengthen their understanding of themselves and to encourage them to strengthen their self respect We want to increase awareness of our situation in the society at large so people will understand that we are a normal part of society We want to enjoy the full ethical and legal rights without discrimination but we don t ask for special treatment 15 In March 1978 the organisation was denied publication of an advertisement for its meeting by the national radio service RUV 18 15 The group lobbied for usage of their preferred terms for lesbians and gays lesbiur and hommar as opposed to the derogatory phrase kynvillingar which meant sexual deviants that the radio service would have required them to use in order to publish an advertisement 18 19 15 The national radio service then argued that they should use proper Icelandic rather than language that violates popular taste and decency if they wished to publish an advertisement This debate continued for years 15 Samtokin 78 orchestrated a campaign to bring wider visibility to gay people in Iceland staging meetings and debates about gay and lesbian topics 14 20 Before the existence of the organisation gay people were rarely discussed in Iceland 15 The first public protests held by the organisation took place in 1982 in Reykjavik They were supported by gay rights organisations in other Nordic countries 17 During the HIV AIDS crisis in Iceland there was a split in the organisation between some of its gay men and lesbians due to the focus on HIV related issues at that time A splinter group for lesbians called Islensk Lesbiska was formed According to Thorvaldur Kristinsson who had been the chairperson of the organisation at that time What happened here was as far as I understand somewhat opposite to what happened in the United States where the AIDS crisis brought men and women together The girls here complained repeatedly about being left behind They didn t participate they couldn t involve themselves in the AIDS work They didn t sense the fear and desperation that we did 21 At that time the organisation was involved with educating people on the topic of HIV AIDS including its own membership 20 In 1992 the organisation allowed bisexual people to join and in 2007 transgender people were also welcomed Subsequently the organisation changed its name to Samtokin 78 The National Queer Organisation of Iceland 22 Torfason left the group in 1993 and later criticised aspects of the group 1 The group helped to legalise gay civil unions in Iceland 23 In 1996 the group organised a celebration of the first gay couples to receive registered civil unions in the country The event was supported by the government of Reykjavik and attended by many notable Icelandic figures such as presidential candidates religious leaders and celebrities 24 In 2010 the group granted a human rights award to the Church of Iceland after 111 religious leaders signed an article supporting gay marriage 25 In August 2015 the organisation ran a contest called Hyryrdi 2015 Queer Words 2015 attempting to translate sixteen LGBT phrases into the Icelandic language The results were announced on Icelandic Language Day 26 19 The contest has since then been held every year 27 In 2015 the group experienced a conflict with the Church of Iceland about whether ministers should be able to refuse to approve a gay marriage 28 29 That year the organisation held educational lectures at 29 of Iceland s schools 30 31 In 2020 they released a survey of LGBT youth reporting their experiences with harassment and assault 32 33 34 In June 2021 they awarded a badge to former Prime Minister of Iceland Johanna Sigurdardottir as the first openly gay head of government in the world 35 In September 2021 the group assessed each of Iceland s political parties platforms based on how thoroughly they addressed LGBT issues 36 As of 2021 the group also compiled data on suspected hate crimes in Iceland in the absence of officially collected statistics by the national government The group has lobbied for the government to collect this information and to create a program to prevent these incidents from occurring 37 See also Edit LGBT portalLGBT rights in IcelandReferences Edit a b c Fontaine Andie Sophia 29 June 2018 The March Of Progress The National Queer Organisation Turns 40 The Reykjavik Grapevine Retrieved 21 April 2022 a b The National Queer Organisation of Iceland Retrieved 2018 04 21 Reykjanesbaer styrkir samtokin 78 Reykjanesbaer sponsors the association 78 Vikurfrettir in Icelandic 5 November 2020 Retrieved 21 April 2022 Foreigners Welcome At Queer Organisation Open House Tonight The Reykjavik Grapevine Gay Iceland 10 December 2015 Retrieved 21 April 2022 a b Hansson Gunnar Gunnarsdottir Gudrun 8 September 2020 Einarsdottir Julia Margret ed Enginn vildi hlusta a kynvillingatonlist RUV in Icelandic Retrieved 21 April 2022 Albertsson THorgnyr Einar 6 March 2022 Alfur Birkir nyr formadur Samtakanna 78 Alfur Birkir new chairman of the Association 78 RUV in Icelandic Retrieved 21 April 2022 Alfur Birkir s vision for Samtokin 78 We need to get to work Gay Iceland 5 April 2022 Retrieved 21 April 2022 a b Rognvaldsson Freyr 4 December 2020 Borgin semur vid Samtokin 78 The city agrees with Samtokin 78 Stundin in Icelandic Retrieved 21 April 2022 Johannsdottir Hildur Margret 30 September 2020 Uppsagnirnar eru algjor varudarradstofun The redundancies are a precautionary measure RUV in Icelandic Retrieved 21 April 2022 a b Kyzer Larissa 8 February 2019 Samtokin 78 Receives ISK 15 Million for Outreach and Education Iceland Review Retrieved 21 April 2022 Josephson Jyl 2012 Gender Equality and Trans Issues in Iceland APSA 2012 Annual Meeting Paper Rochester NY 4 SSRN 2108934 via Social Science Research Network Josephson Jyl Einarsdottir THorgerdur Sigurdardottir Svandis Anna December 2017 Queering the trans Gender and sexuality binaries in Icelandic trans queer and feminist communities European Journal of Women s Studies 24 1 70 84 doi 10 1177 1350506815625694 ISSN 1350 5068 S2CID 55534362 Solveigar Gudmundsdottir Linda 2018 08 01 Exclusionary moments Queer desires and migrants sense of un belonging Emotion Space and Society 28 32 38 doi 10 1016 j emospa 2018 06 003 ISSN 1755 4586 S2CID 240328898 a b Kjaran Jon Ingvar Johannesson Ingolfur Asgeir 1 October 2013 Manifestations of Heterosexism in Icelandic Upper Secondary Schools and the Responses of LGBT Students Journal of LGBT Youth 10 4 351 372 doi 10 1080 19361653 2013 824373 ISSN 1936 1653 S2CID 144503404 a b c d e f g h Rydstrom Jens Mustola Kati 2007 Criminally Queer Homosexuality and Criminal Law in Scandinavia 1842 1999 Aksant Academic Publishers pp 34 118 135 138 doi 10 26530 oapen 353810 ISBN 978 90 5260 245 5 Aldrich Robert Wotherspoon Garry 2020 10 28 Who s Who in Contemporary Gay and Lesbian History Routledge p 406 ISBN 978 1 000 10075 4 Samtokin 78 which was formally established on 2 May 1978 a b Thorhallsson Baldur 2018 10 03 Small States and Shelter Theory Iceland s External Affairs Routledge p 118 ISBN 978 0 429 87180 1 a b Rydstrom Jens 2011 The road to registered partnership Odd Couples A History of Gay Marriage in Scandinavia Amsterdam University Press pp 39 68 ISBN 978 90 5260 381 0 JSTOR j ctt6wp6dm 5 retrieved 2022 04 22 a b Fridriksson Finnur 22 June 2017 Research on language and gender in Iceland History and current trends HumaNetten University of Akureyri 38 7 24 doi 10 15626 hn 20173802 ISSN 1403 2279 via Opin visindi a b Kjaran Jon Ingvar 20 February 2017 Constructing Sexualities and Gendered Bodies in School Spaces Nordic Insights on Queer and Transgender Students Springer pp 68 69 ISBN 978 1 137 53333 3 Rydstrom Jens February 2008 Legalizing Love in a Cold Climate The History Consequences and Recent Developments of Registered Partnership in Scandinavia Sexualities 11 1 2 193 226 doi 10 1177 1363460707085470 ISSN 1363 4607 S2CID 144912045 Samtokin 78 Hinsegin fra O til A Hinsegin fra O til A in Icelandic Retrieved 2018 04 21 Myers JoAnne 20 August 2009 The A to Z of the Lesbian Liberation Movement Still the Rage Scarecrow Press p 219 ISBN 978 0 8108 6327 9 Einarsdottir Anna October 2013 They married for love but keep it quiet Same sex partners in Iceland Sexualities 16 7 788 806 doi 10 1177 1363460713497213 ISSN 1363 4607 S2CID 147006516 Eriksson Anne Louise Gunner Goran Blader Niclas 2012 11 08 Exploring a Heritage Evangelical Lutheran Churches in the North Wipf and Stock Publishers p 113 ISBN 978 1 62032 102 7 Fontaine Andie Sophia 6 August 2015 Icelanders In Search Of Neologisms For LGBTQAI Contexts The Reykjavik Grapevine Retrieved 21 April 2022 Kyzer Larissa 19 February 2022 Icelandic Sign Language Adopts Four New LGBTQIA Signs Iceland Review Retrieved 22 April 2022 Gudbrandsdottir Kristjana Bjorg Sigurbjornsson Stefan Rafn 24 September 2015 Samtokin 78 vilja fara i mal vegna kirkjunnar Samtokin 78 wants to sue because of the church Visir is in Icelandic Retrieved 21 April 2022 Benjamin Gabriel 9 October 2015 Refusing Your Rights With A Clean Conscience The Reykjavik Grapevine Retrieved 21 April 2022 Kjaran Jon Ingvar Lehtonen Jukka 3 October 2018 Windows of opportunities Nordic perspectives on sexual diversity in education International Journal of Inclusive Education 22 10 1035 1047 doi 10 1080 13603116 2017 1414319 hdl 20 500 11815 1889 ISSN 1360 3116 S2CID 149119857 Kjaran Jon Ingvar Lehtonen Jukka 2020 Francis Dennis A Kjaran Jon Ingvar Lehtonen Jukka eds Educational Outreach Work in Nordic Countries Challenges Tensions and Contradictions for Queering Schools and Teaching About Sexual and Gender Diversity Queer Social Movements and Outreach Work in Schools A Global Perspective Cham Springer International Publishing pp 15 37 doi 10 1007 978 3 030 41610 2 2 ISBN 978 3 030 41610 2 S2CID 216201419 retrieved 2022 04 22 Kyzer Larissa 16 August 2020 One in Twenty LGBTQIA Students Have Been Physically Assaulted Iceland Review Retrieved 21 April 2022 Eyjolfsson Magnus Geir 15 August 2020 Verda fyrir likamsarasum vegna kynhneigdar Physical assault due to sexual orientation RUV in Icelandic Retrieved 21 April 2022 Jonsdottir Hallgerdur Kolbrun E Sigurdardottir Elisabet Inga 15 August 2020 Einn af hverjum tuttugu hinsegin nemendum ordid fyrir likamsaras i skola One in twenty gay students has been physically assaulted at school Visir is in Icelandic Retrieved 21 April 2022 Ciric Jelena 28 June 2021 First Openly LGBT Head of Government Honoured by Samtokin 78 Iceland Review Retrieved 21 April 2022 Ingolfsson Arnar THor 11 September 2021 Leleg einkunn fra Samtokunum 78 thydir ekki ad flokkar standi gegn hinsegin folki A poor rating from the Association 78 does not mean that parties oppose gay people Kjarninn in Icelandic Retrieved 21 April 2022 Hate crimes targeting LGBTI people in the Nordic countries A survey of strategies methods and initiatives Nordic Gender Institute Nordic Council of Ministers 19 November 2021 p 42 ISBN 978 92 893 7199 5 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link Further reading Edit40th annual publication of the Samtokin 78 via Timarit is in Icelandic Tabu by AEvar Orn Josepsson 2008 biography of the group s founder Hordur TorfasonExternal links EditSamtokin 78 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Samtokin 2778 amp oldid 1088527084, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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