fbpx
Wikipedia

Salvator (lizard)

January 01, 1970

Salvator is a genus of lizards known as tegus which belong to the family Teiidae.

Salvator
Argentine black and white tegu (Salvator merianae)
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Family: Teiidae
Genus: Salvator
Duméril & Bibron, 1839
Type species
Salvator merianae
Duméril & Bibron, 1839

Description edit

Tegus are large reptiles, with some species reaching a total length of around 1.23 m (4.0 ft),[1] and a weight of approximately 6.8 kg (15 lb). These opportunistic, wide-ranging lizards can be found in a variety of habitats, from swamps to rain forests to savannas and cities.[2] Although terrestrial, they are capable swimmers, able to remain submerged for up to 22 minutes and having even been caught in gill nets set at sea.[3] Biomechanical studies have shown that tegus have stronger limb bones than comparably-sized mammals or birds, a trait that may be inherent to amphibians and reptiles.[4] They exhibit social and maternal behaviour; female tegus construct burrows to lay their eggs in, and will protect their brood until they hatch. Up to 35 eggs are produced in a clutch.[5] Tegus will hibernate together in groups, though males exhibit territorial behavior towards each other.[6] Tegus exhibit sexual dimorphism. Males display greatly expanded and prominent "jowls" along the base of the lower jaw. These jowls are the result of extensive growth of the ventral pterygoideus muscles (a prominent jaw closing muscle in reptiles).[7][8] Though both sexes exhibit hypertrophy of the ventral pterygoideus muscle, likely in response to their durophagous habits,[9] male tegus show both greater relative and absolute muscle mass compared to females.[9] Further evidence for sexual selection of these jowls comes from observations that ventral pterygoideus muscle mass increases in males during the reproductive season.[10] Metabolic changes also occur during the reproductive season, in which the body temperature is increased up to 10 degrees Celsius and sustained internally like a bird or a mammal.[11] This discovery has major evolutionary implications, providing support for the hypothesis that endothermy may have evolved in response to parental care.[12]

Ecology edit

Tegus are omnivorous, foraging for a wide range of foods using their forked tongues, including fruit, fungi, various arthropods, small vertebrates, carrion, and eggs.[13] The amount of meat that is consumed by tegus decreases as the animals mature.[14] As adults, tegus have few predators. Among them are big cats, birds of prey and large snakes.[15] Tegus defend themselves using their powerful jaws, which can exert forces of up to 1000N.[16] A bite from an adult tegu can crush human fingers.[17]

Though more terrestrial (morphologically less well-adapted for climbing into tree canopies or for swimming), tegus fill an ecological niche in South America similar to that filled by monitor lizards in Africa, Asia and Australia, and are an example of convergent evolution. Though similar in appearance to monitors, tegus are not closely related and can be distinguished by their larger heads, shorter necks, heavier bodies and different arrangement of the scales on the body and tail. Monitors have laterally compressed tails, well-suited for aquatic propulsion, while tegus' tails are more cylindrical or even broader than high. In addition, tegus are facultative bipeds[18] while monitors are obligate quadrupeds.[19]

Economic importance and environmental impact edit

Tegus are among the most commercially exploited reptiles in the world. Up to 1,000,000 are harvested annually in their native Argentina for their hide and meat,[20] and are particularly important as a source of income in rural or indigenous communities.[21] Tegus can also be found in captivity, where they are bred for the pet trade. They are reported to be highly intelligent, becoming docile as they mature and in some cases even ignoring food in favor of social interaction.[22] However, tegus have demanding husbandry requirements due to their large size.[23]

Within their native range, tegus are often thought of as pests, sometimes raiding chicken coops to feed on the eggs or fowl.[24] They are noted predators of ground nesting bird[25] and crocodilian eggs, and in some areas 80% of spectacled caiman nests are destroyed by tegus.[26] In Florida, they have become an invasive species, and prey on the eggs of American alligators instead. Predation by feral tegus may pose a threat to Florida's endangered wildlife, such as the Key Largo woodrat and the American crocodile.[27] Due to their fruit eating habits, tegus may serve an important ecological function by dispersing seeds through their droppings.[28]

Classification edit

Listed alphabetically.[29]

Image Scientific name Common Name Distribution
Salvator duseni (Lönnberg, 1910) yellow tegu; it is synonymous with Tupinambis duseni, Tupinambis rufescens and Tupinanbis duseni[30] Paraguay, Bolivia and Brazil
  Salvator merianae Duméril & Bibron, 1839 Argentine black and white tegu, blue tegu, Chacoan giant tegu Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay
  Salvator rufescens (Günther, 1871) red tegu Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay.

References edit

  1. ^ "Tegu Lizards - Everglades CISMA". www.evergladescisma.org. Retrieved 2020-06-21.
  2. ^ McLaughlin, Kelly. "4-foot-long lizards that can eat 'just about anything they want' are taking over Georgia". Insider. Retrieved 2020-06-21.
  3. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-04. Retrieved 2019-07-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. ^ Sheffield, K. Megan; Butcher, Michael T.; Shugart, S. Katharine; Gander, Jennifer C.; Blob, Richard W. (2011). "Locomotor loading mechanics in the hindlimbs of tegu lizards (Tupinambis merianae): Comparative and evolutionary implications". The Journal of Experimental Biology. 214 (15): 2616–2630. doi:10.1242/jeb.048801. PMID 21753056.
  5. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-04-16. Retrieved 2019-07-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. ^ . Archived from the original on 2015-04-15. Retrieved 2019-07-16.
  7. ^ Rieppel, O. 1980. The Trigeminal Jaw Adductor Musculature of Tupinambis, with Comments on the Phylogenetic Relationships of the Teiidae (Reptilia, Lacertilia). Zool. J. Linne. Soc. Vol. 69(1):1–29.
  8. ^ McBrayer, L.D., White, T.D. 2002. Bite Force, Behavior, and Electromyography in the Teiid Lizard, Tupinambis teguixin. Copeia. No. 1:111–119.
  9. ^ a b Pianka, E.R., Vitt, L.J. 2003. Lizards: Windows to the Evolution of Diversity. California. U. Cal. Press.
  10. ^ Naretto, S.; Cardozo, G.; Blengini, C.S.; Chiaraviglio, M. (2014). "Sexual Selection and Dynamics of Jaw Muscle in Tupinambis Lizards". Evol. Biol. 41 (2): 192–200. Bibcode:2014EvBio..41..192N. doi:10.1007/s11692-013-9257-0. hdl:11336/8001. S2CID 17944726.
  11. ^ Farmer, C. G. (2016-04-01). "Hot-blooded lizard illuminates endothermy origins". Journal of Experimental Biology. 219 (7): 909–910. doi:10.1242/jeb.138156. ISSN 0022-0949.
  12. ^ Tattersall, Glenn J.; Leite, Cleo A. C.; Sanders, Colin E.; Cadena, Viviana; Andrade, Denis V.; Abe, Augusto S.; Milsom, William K. (2016-01-01). "Seasonal reproductive endothermy in tegu lizards". Science Advances. 2 (1): e1500951. Bibcode:2016SciA....2E0951T. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1500951. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 4737272. PMID 26844295. S2CID 4240109.
  13. ^ D’Angelo, Giulia B.; Sazima, Ivan (23 September 2013). "Range of animal food types recorded for the tegu lizard (Salvator merianae) at an urban park in South-eastern Brazil" (PDF). Herpetology Notes. 6: 427–430.
  14. ^ Kiefer, Mara Cíntia; Sazima, Ivan (2002). (PDF). Amphibia-Reptilia. 23: 105–108. doi:10.1163/156853802320877654. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 25, 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2011.
  15. ^ Hermano Del Duque (2010). "Abundance of tegu lizards (Tupinambis merianae) in a remnant of the Brazilian Atlantic forest". Amphibia-Reptilia. 31 (4): 563–570. doi:10.1163/017353710X518441. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
  16. ^ Aggressive Behavior and Performance in the Tegu Lizard Tupinambis merianae: Anthony Herrel, Denis V. Andrade, José Eduardo de Carvalho, Ananda Brito, Augusto Abe, and Carlos Navas - Physiological and Biochemical Zoology Vol. 82, No. 6 (November/December 2009), pp. 680-685
  17. ^ Haddad, V; Duarte, MR; Neto, DG (2008). "Tegu (teiu) bite: report of human injury caused by a Teiidae lizard". Wilderness Environ Med. 19 (2): 111–3. doi:10.1580/07-WEME-CR-1172.1. PMID 18513108. S2CID 207182015.
  18. ^ Monitors and Tegus, R. D. Bartlett and Patricia P. Bartlett
  19. ^ Bartlett, R. D.; Bartlett, Patricia (2006). Monitors and tegus : everything about selection, care, nutrition, diseases, breeding, and behavior. Hauppauge, NY: Barron's. ISBN 978-0-7641-3398-5. OCLC 68192602.
  20. ^ M. MARGARITA, MIERES; FITZGERALD, LEE A. (2006). "Monitoring and Managing the Harvest of TeguLizards in Paraguay" (PDF). Journal of Wildlife Management. 70 (6): 1723–1734. doi:10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1723:MAMTHO]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 27029533.
  21. ^ Montaño, Rossy R.; Leny Cuéllar, Rosa; Fitzgerald, Lee A. (2013). "Activity and Ranging Behavior of the Red Tegu Lizard Tupinambis rufescens in the Bolivian Chaco". South American Journal of Herpetology. 8 (2): 81–88. doi:10.2994/SAJH-D-13-00016.1. S2CID 86064576.
  22. ^ . Archived from the original on 25 July 2014. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
  23. ^ "Petswithscales.com - Tegu Lizard Care". 3 July 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
  24. ^ Guide to Lizards, Robert G. Sprackland, Ph.D.
  25. ^ Mauro Galetti (January 2008). "Density of the tegu lizard (Tupinambis merianae) and its role as nest predator at Anchieta island, Brazil". Neotropical Biology and Conservation. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
  26. ^ "ADW: Caiman crocodilus: INFORMATION". Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
  27. ^ Cocking, Susan (26 September 2014). "Hunt is On for the Tegu Lizards in South Florida". Miami Herald. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
  28. ^ Galetti, Mauro; Castro, Everaldo Rodrigo de (January 2004). "Frugivory and seed dispersal by the tegu lizard Tupinambis merianae Reptilia: Teiidae - Castro - Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia". Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia. 44 (6): 91–97. doi:10.1590/S0031-10492004000600001. hdl:11449/20491. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
  29. ^ Salvator, The Reptile Database
  30. ^ "Salvator duseni". The Reptile Database. Retrieved 2020-06-21.

January 01, 1970
salvator, lizard, salvator, genus, lizards, known, tegus, which, belong, family, teiidae, salvator, argentine, black, white, tegu, salvator, merianae, scientific, classification, domain, eukaryota, kingdom, animalia, phylum, chordata, class, reptilia, order, s. Salvator is a genus of lizards known as tegus which belong to the family Teiidae Salvator Argentine black and white tegu Salvator merianae Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Reptilia Order Squamata Family Teiidae Genus SalvatorDumeril amp Bibron 1839 Type species Salvator merianaeDumeril amp Bibron 1839 Contents 1 Description 2 Ecology 3 Economic importance and environmental impact 4 Classification 5 ReferencesDescription editTegus are large reptiles with some species reaching a total length of around 1 23 m 4 0 ft 1 and a weight of approximately 6 8 kg 15 lb These opportunistic wide ranging lizards can be found in a variety of habitats from swamps to rain forests to savannas and cities 2 Although terrestrial they are capable swimmers able to remain submerged for up to 22 minutes and having even been caught in gill nets set at sea 3 Biomechanical studies have shown that tegus have stronger limb bones than comparably sized mammals or birds a trait that may be inherent to amphibians and reptiles 4 They exhibit social and maternal behaviour female tegus construct burrows to lay their eggs in and will protect their brood until they hatch Up to 35 eggs are produced in a clutch 5 Tegus will hibernate together in groups though males exhibit territorial behavior towards each other 6 Tegus exhibit sexual dimorphism Males display greatly expanded and prominent jowls along the base of the lower jaw These jowls are the result of extensive growth of the ventral pterygoideus muscles a prominent jaw closing muscle in reptiles 7 8 Though both sexes exhibit hypertrophy of the ventral pterygoideus muscle likely in response to their durophagous habits 9 male tegus show both greater relative and absolute muscle mass compared to females 9 Further evidence for sexual selection of these jowls comes from observations that ventral pterygoideus muscle mass increases in males during the reproductive season 10 Metabolic changes also occur during the reproductive season in which the body temperature is increased up to 10 degrees Celsius and sustained internally like a bird or a mammal 11 This discovery has major evolutionary implications providing support for the hypothesis that endothermy may have evolved in response to parental care 12 Ecology editTegus are omnivorous foraging for a wide range of foods using their forked tongues including fruit fungi various arthropods small vertebrates carrion and eggs 13 The amount of meat that is consumed by tegus decreases as the animals mature 14 As adults tegus have few predators Among them are big cats birds of prey and large snakes 15 Tegus defend themselves using their powerful jaws which can exert forces of up to 1000N 16 A bite from an adult tegu can crush human fingers 17 Though more terrestrial morphologically less well adapted for climbing into tree canopies or for swimming tegus fill an ecological niche in South America similar to that filled by monitor lizards in Africa Asia and Australia and are an example of convergent evolution Though similar in appearance to monitors tegus are not closely related and can be distinguished by their larger heads shorter necks heavier bodies and different arrangement of the scales on the body and tail Monitors have laterally compressed tails well suited for aquatic propulsion while tegus tails are more cylindrical or even broader than high In addition tegus are facultative bipeds 18 while monitors are obligate quadrupeds 19 Economic importance and environmental impact editTegus are among the most commercially exploited reptiles in the world Up to 1 000 000 are harvested annually in their native Argentina for their hide and meat 20 and are particularly important as a source of income in rural or indigenous communities 21 Tegus can also be found in captivity where they are bred for the pet trade They are reported to be highly intelligent becoming docile as they mature and in some cases even ignoring food in favor of social interaction 22 However tegus have demanding husbandry requirements due to their large size 23 Within their native range tegus are often thought of as pests sometimes raiding chicken coops to feed on the eggs or fowl 24 They are noted predators of ground nesting bird 25 and crocodilian eggs and in some areas 80 of spectacled caiman nests are destroyed by tegus 26 In Florida they have become an invasive species and prey on the eggs of American alligators instead Predation by feral tegus may pose a threat to Florida s endangered wildlife such as the Key Largo woodrat and the American crocodile 27 Due to their fruit eating habits tegus may serve an important ecological function by dispersing seeds through their droppings 28 Classification editListed alphabetically 29 Image Scientific name Common Name Distribution Salvator duseni Lonnberg 1910 yellow tegu it is synonymous with Tupinambis duseni Tupinambis rufescens and Tupinanbis duseni 30 Paraguay Bolivia and Brazil nbsp Salvator merianae Dumeril amp Bibron 1839 Argentine black and white tegu blue tegu Chacoan giant tegu Argentina Brazil Paraguay and Uruguay nbsp Salvator rufescens Gunther 1871 red tegu Argentina Bolivia and Paraguay References edit Tegu Lizards Everglades CISMA www evergladescisma org Retrieved 2020 06 21 McLaughlin Kelly 4 foot long lizards that can eat just about anything they want are taking over Georgia Insider Retrieved 2020 06 21 Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2013 10 04 Retrieved 2019 07 16 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Sheffield K Megan Butcher Michael T Shugart S Katharine Gander Jennifer C Blob Richard W 2011 Locomotor loading mechanics in the hindlimbs of tegu lizards Tupinambis merianae Comparative and evolutionary implications The Journal of Experimental Biology 214 15 2616 2630 doi 10 1242 jeb 048801 PMID 21753056 Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2016 04 16 Retrieved 2019 07 16 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Lehigh Valley Zoo Smart Fun Archived from the original on 2015 04 15 Retrieved 2019 07 16 Rieppel O 1980 The Trigeminal Jaw Adductor Musculature of Tupinambis with Comments on the Phylogenetic Relationships of the Teiidae Reptilia Lacertilia Zool J Linne Soc Vol 69 1 1 29 McBrayer L D White T D 2002 Bite Force Behavior and Electromyography in the Teiid Lizard Tupinambis teguixin Copeia No 1 111 119 a b Pianka E R Vitt L J 2003 Lizards Windows to the Evolution of Diversity California U Cal Press Naretto S Cardozo G Blengini C S Chiaraviglio M 2014 Sexual Selection and Dynamics of Jaw Muscle in Tupinambis Lizards Evol Biol 41 2 192 200 Bibcode 2014EvBio 41 192N doi 10 1007 s11692 013 9257 0 hdl 11336 8001 S2CID 17944726 Farmer C G 2016 04 01 Hot blooded lizard illuminates endothermy origins Journal of Experimental Biology 219 7 909 910 doi 10 1242 jeb 138156 ISSN 0022 0949 Tattersall Glenn J Leite Cleo A C Sanders Colin E Cadena Viviana Andrade Denis V Abe Augusto S Milsom William K 2016 01 01 Seasonal reproductive endothermy in tegu lizards Science Advances 2 1 e1500951 Bibcode 2016SciA 2E0951T doi 10 1126 sciadv 1500951 ISSN 2375 2548 PMC 4737272 PMID 26844295 S2CID 4240109 D Angelo Giulia B Sazima Ivan 23 September 2013 Range of animal food types recorded for the tegu lizard Salvator merianae at an urban park in South eastern Brazil PDF Herpetology Notes 6 427 430 Kiefer Mara Cintia Sazima Ivan 2002 Diet of juvenile tegu lizard Tupinambis merianae Teiidae in southeastern Brazil PDF Amphibia Reptilia 23 105 108 doi 10 1163 156853802320877654 Archived from the original PDF on April 25 2012 Retrieved 24 October 2011 Hermano Del Duque 2010 Abundance of tegu lizards Tupinambis merianae in a remnant of the Brazilian Atlantic forest Amphibia Reptilia 31 4 563 570 doi 10 1163 017353710X518441 Retrieved 27 March 2016 Aggressive Behavior and Performance in the Tegu Lizard Tupinambis merianae Anthony Herrel Denis V Andrade Jose Eduardo de Carvalho Ananda Brito Augusto Abe and Carlos Navas Physiological and Biochemical Zoology Vol 82 No 6 November December 2009 pp 680 685 Haddad V Duarte MR Neto DG 2008 Tegu teiu bite report of human injury caused by a Teiidae lizard Wilderness Environ Med 19 2 111 3 doi 10 1580 07 WEME CR 1172 1 PMID 18513108 S2CID 207182015 Monitors and Tegus R D Bartlett and Patricia P Bartlett Bartlett R D Bartlett Patricia 2006 Monitors and tegus everything about selection care nutrition diseases breeding and behavior Hauppauge NY Barron s ISBN 978 0 7641 3398 5 OCLC 68192602 M MARGARITA MIERES FITZGERALD LEE A 2006 Monitoring and Managing the Harvest of TeguLizards in Paraguay PDF Journal of Wildlife Management 70 6 1723 1734 doi 10 2193 0022 541X 2006 70 1723 MAMTHO 2 0 CO 2 S2CID 27029533 Montano Rossy R Leny Cuellar Rosa Fitzgerald Lee A 2013 Activity and Ranging Behavior of the Red Tegu Lizard Tupinambis rufescens in the Bolivian Chaco South American Journal of Herpetology 8 2 81 88 doi 10 2994 SAJH D 13 00016 1 S2CID 86064576 Sisco Reptiles Do tegu lizards seek human attention Tupinambis Merianae Argentine Black amp White Tegu SiscoReptiles com The Original Tegu Attention Youtube Video Archived from the original on 25 July 2014 Retrieved 27 March 2016 Petswithscales com Tegu Lizard Care 3 July 2022 Retrieved 14 July 2022 Guide to Lizards Robert G Sprackland Ph D Mauro Galetti January 2008 Density of the tegu lizard Tupinambis merianae and its role as nest predator at Anchieta island Brazil Neotropical Biology and Conservation Retrieved 27 March 2016 ADW Caiman crocodilus INFORMATION Animal Diversity Web Retrieved 27 March 2016 Cocking Susan 26 September 2014 Hunt is On for the Tegu Lizards in South Florida Miami Herald Retrieved 21 June 2020 Galetti Mauro Castro Everaldo Rodrigo de January 2004 Frugivory and seed dispersal by the tegu lizard Tupinambis merianae Reptilia Teiidae Castro Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia 44 6 91 97 doi 10 1590 S0031 10492004000600001 hdl 11449 20491 Retrieved 27 March 2016 Salvator The Reptile Database Salvator duseni The Reptile Database Retrieved 2020 06 21 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Salvator lizard amp oldid 1215405692, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.