Einfall der Hyksos ("Invasion of the Hyksos") by Hermann Vogel (c.1880); the Hyksos invaders are imagined just after a victorious battle against the Egyptians
Salitis is mainly known from a few passages of Flavius Josephus' work Contra Apionem; for these passages, Josephus claimed to have reported Manetho's original words. It seems that during the reign of an Egyptianpharaoh called Timaios or Tutimaios, an army of foreigners suddenly came from the Near East and took over the Nile Delta without a fight. After conquering Memphis and likely deposing Timaios, the invaders committed several atrocities such as destroying cities and temples and killing or capturing the native Egyptians.[1]: I:75–6 After that, they
"made one of their number, whose name was Salitis, king. He resided in Memphis and exacted tribute from both the upper and lower country, leaving fortresses in the most strategic places."
Salitis was determined to hold down his new conquests. For this reason he fortified the eastern borders, and sought a strategic position to establish an imposing stronghold from which he could dominate the independent-minded Upper Egyptians. Having found it in the city of Avaris on the east bank of the Bubastite branch of the Nile,[1]: I:77–8 Salitis
"established this city and rendered it extremely secure with walls, settling there a large body of armed troops – as many as 240,000 men – as a frontier guard. He used to go there in the summer, partly to hand out rations and distribute pay, and partly to train them carefully in military exercises, to frighten foreigners."
Even for his name there are no clues of what it could have originally meant in Egyptian, though the variant Saites used by Sextus Julius Africanus in his epitome of Manetho, might contain a reference to the deltaic city of Sais. It has been suggested that the name might be linked to shallit, a title borne by the biblical patriarchJoseph during his stay in Egypt (Genesis 42:6) with the meaning of "keeper of the power"; however, this is considered a very weak assumption.[8][1]: I:77, n.300
As for him, also the identification of his Egyptian predecessor Timaios and Asiatic successor Bnon were a matter of debate; though the former was tentatively identified with Djedneferre Dedumose of the waning 13th Dynasty;[2]: 52 [3] this identification was questioned for being rather weak.[9]
^ abHayes, William C. (1973). "Egypt: from the death of Ammenemes III to Seqenenre II". In Edwards, I.E.S. (ed.). The Cambridge Ancient History (3rd ed.), vol. II, part 1. Cambridge University Press. pp. 42–76. ISBN0-521-082307.
^Drews, Robert (1988). The Coming of the Greeks: Indo-European Conquests in the Aegean and the Near East. Princeton University Press. ISBN978-0-691-18658-0. JSTOR j.ctv39x8fq.
^Labow, D. (2005). Flavius Josephus Contra Apionem, Buch 1. Einleitung, Text, Text-kritischer Apparat, Übersetzung und Kommentar. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer Verlag. 76-77, n.71
^Troiani, L. (1974). "Sui frammenti di Manetone nel primo libro del "Contra Apionem" di Flavio Giuseppe". Studi Classici e Orientali (in Italian). 23. p. 107
^Helck, Wolfgang; Otto, Eberhard; Westendorf, Wolfhart, eds. (1986). Lexikon der Agyptologie, vol. 6. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.
February 24, 2023
salitis, manethonian, tradition, greek, Σάλιτις, also, salatis, saites, first, hyksos, king, subdued, ruled, lower, egypt, founded, 15th, dynasty, salatis, saiteseinfall, hyksos, invasion, hyksos, hermann, vogel, 1880, hyksos, invaders, imagined, just, after, . In the Manethonian tradition Salitis Greek Salitis also Salatis or Saites was the first Hyksos king the one who subdued and ruled Lower Egypt and founded the 15th Dynasty SalitisSalatis SaitesEinfall der Hyksos Invasion of the Hyksos by Hermann Vogel c 1880 the Hyksos invaders are imagined just after a victorious battle against the EgyptiansPharaohReignaround 1650 BCE 15th Dynasty PredecessorTimaios 13th Dynasty none founder 15th Dynasty SuccessorBnon BeonRoyal titularyBiography EditSalitis is mainly known from a few passages of Flavius Josephus work Contra Apionem for these passages Josephus claimed to have reported Manetho s original words It seems that during the reign of an Egyptian pharaoh called Timaios or Tutimaios an army of foreigners suddenly came from the Near East and took over the Nile Delta without a fight After conquering Memphis and likely deposing Timaios the invaders committed several atrocities such as destroying cities and temples and killing or capturing the native Egyptians 1 I 75 6 After that they made one of their number whose name was Salitis king He resided in Memphis and exacted tribute from both the upper and lower country leaving fortresses in the most strategic places Flavius Josephus Against Apion I 77 1 Salitis was determined to hold down his new conquests For this reason he fortified the eastern borders and sought a strategic position to establish an imposing stronghold from which he could dominate the independent minded Upper Egyptians Having found it in the city of Avaris on the east bank of the Bubastite branch of the Nile 1 I 77 8 Salitis established this city and rendered it extremely secure with walls settling there a large body of armed troops as many as 240 000 men as a frontier guard He used to go there in the summer partly to hand out rations and distribute pay and partly to train them carefully in military exercises to frighten foreigners Flavius Josephus Against Apion I 78 80 1 Salitis died after 19 years of rule and his throne passed to another Asiatic called Bnon or Beon 1 I 80 91 Identification EditSeveral attempts have been made to identify Salitis with an archaeologically attested ruler He was sometimes associated with a ruler named Sharek or Shalek who is mentioned in a genealogical priestly document from Memphis and also with the much more attested king Sheshi 2 59 3 German Egyptologist Jurgen von Beckerath believed that Salitis could be associated with Yakbim another Second Intermediate Period ruler 4 William F Albright suggested that Salitis may have been the same person as the Umman Manda king Zaluti Albright assigns Za a lu ti an Indo Iranian etymology 5 6 227 At the current state of knowledge Salitis remains unidentified 7 1 I 77 n 300 Even for his name there are no clues of what it could have originally meant in Egyptian though the variant Saites used by Sextus Julius Africanus in his epitome of Manetho might contain a reference to the deltaic city of Sais It has been suggested that the name might be linked to shallit a title borne by the biblical patriarch Joseph during his stay in Egypt Genesis 42 6 with the meaning of keeper of the power however this is considered a very weak assumption 8 1 I 77 n 300 As for him also the identification of his Egyptian predecessor Timaios and Asiatic successor Bnon were a matter of debate though the former was tentatively identified with Djedneferre Dedumose of the waning 13th Dynasty 2 52 3 this identification was questioned for being rather weak 9 References Edit a b c d e f g Josephus Flavius 2007 Against Apion Translation and commentary by John M G Barclay Leiden Boston Brill ISBN 978 90 04 11791 4 a b Hayes William C 1973 Egypt from the death of Ammenemes III to Seqenenre II In Edwards I E S ed The Cambridge Ancient History 3rd ed vol II part 1 Cambridge University Press pp 42 76 ISBN 0 521 082307 a b Grimal Nicolas 1992 A History of Ancient Egypt Oxford Blackwell Books ISBN 9780631174721 p 185 Salitis page on eglyphica de Albright William F 1940 New Light on the History of Western Asia in the Second Millennium BC Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 77 78 77 20 32 23 31 doi 10 2307 1355237 JSTOR 1355237 S2CID 163980863 Drews Robert 1988 The Coming of the Greeks Indo European Conquests in the Aegean and the Near East Princeton University Press ISBN 978 0 691 18658 0 JSTOR j ctv39x8fq Labow D 2005 Flavius Josephus Contra Apionem Buch 1 Einleitung Text Text kritischer Apparat Ubersetzung und Kommentar Stuttgart Kohlhammer Verlag 76 77 n 71 Troiani L 1974 Sui frammenti di Manetone nel primo libro del Contra Apionem di Flavio Giuseppe Studi Classici e Orientali in Italian 23 p 107 Helck Wolfgang Otto Eberhard Westendorf Wolfhart eds 1986 Lexikon der Agyptologie vol 6 Otto Harrassowitz Verlag Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Salitis amp oldid 1107686967, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
