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Wikipedia

San Clemente al Laterano

November 30, 2023

The Basilica of Saint Clement (Italian: Basilica di San Clemente al Laterano) is a Latin Catholic minor basilica dedicated to Pope Clement I located in Rome, Italy. Archaeologically speaking, the structure is a three-tiered complex of buildings: (1) the present basilica built just before the year 1100 during the height of the Middle Ages; (2) beneath the present basilica is a 4th-century basilica that had been converted out of the home of a Roman nobleman, part of which had in the 1st century briefly served as an early church, and the basement of which had in the 2nd century briefly served as a mithraeum; (3) the home of the Roman nobleman had been built on the foundations of republican era villa and warehouse that had been destroyed in the Great Fire of AD 64.

Saint Clement
Courtyard of the Basilica of Saint Clement
Click on the map for a fullscreen view
41°53′22″N 12°29′51″E / 41.88944°N 12.49750°E / 41.88944; 12.49750
LocationRome
CountryItaly
DenominationCatholic Church
TraditionLatin Church
Websitewww.basilicasanclemente.com
History
StatusBasilica,
titular church,
national church
DedicationPope Clement I
Architecture
Architectural typeChurch
StylePaleochristian, Romanesque
Groundbreaking1108
Completed1123
Specifications
Length45 metres (148 ft)
Width25 metres (82 ft)
Nave width13 metres (43 ft)

History edit

 
Plan of the church

This ancient church was transformed over the centuries from a private home that was the site of clandestine Christian worship in the 1st century to a grand public basilica by the 6th century, reflecting the emerging Catholic Church's growing legitimacy and power. The archaeological traces of the basilica's history were discovered in the 1860s by Joseph Mullooly,[1] Prior of the house of Irish Dominicans at San Clemente (1847-1880).[2]

Before the 4th century edit

The lowest levels of the present basilica contain remnants of the foundation of a possibly republican era building that might have been destroyed in the Great Fire of 64. An industrial building – probably the imperial mint of Rome from the late 1st century A.D. onwards (because a similar building is represented on a 16th-century drawing of a fragment of the Severan marble plan of the city), was built[3] or remodelled on the same site during the Flavian period. Shortly after an insula, or apartment block, was also built.[citation needed] It was separated from the industrial building by a narrow alleyway. About a hundred years later (c. 200) a mithraeum, a sanctuary of the cult of Mithras, was built in the courtyard of the insula. The main cult room (the speleum, "cave"),[4] which is about 9.6m long and 6m wide, was discovered in 1867 but could not be investigated until 1914 due to lack of drainage.[5] The exedra, the shallow apse at the far end of the low vaulted space, was trimmed with pumice to render it more cave-like.

Central to the main room of the sanctuary was found an altar, in the shape of a sarcophagus, and with the main cult relief of the tauroctony (the image of Mithras slaying a bull) on its front face.[6] The torchbearers Cautes and Cautopates appear on respectively the left and right faces of the same monument. A dedicatory inscription identifies the donor as one pater Cnaeus Arrius Claudianus, perhaps of the same clan as Titus Arrius Antoninus' mother. Other monuments discovered in the sanctuary include a bust of Sol[7] kept in the sanctuary in a niche near the entrance, and a figure of Mithras petra generix,[8] i.e. Mithras born of the rock. Fragments of statuary of the two torch bearers were also found .[9] One of the rooms adjoining the main chamber has two oblong brickwork enclosures,[10] one of which was used as a ritual refuse pit for remnants of the cult meal. All three monuments mentioned above are still on display in the mithraeum. A fourth monument – a statue of St. Peter found in the speleum's vestibule and still on display there – is not of the mysteries.

4th–11th century edit

At some time in the 4th century, the lower level of the industrial building was filled in with dirt and rubble and its second floor remodeled. An apse was built out over part of the domus, whose lowest floor, with the Mithraeum, was also filled in. This "first basilica" is known to have existed in 392, when St. Jerome wrote of the church dedicated to St. Clement, i.e. Pope Clement I, a 1st-century AD Christian convert and previously considered by patrologists and ecclesiastical historians to be identical with Titus Flavius Clemens. Restorations were undertaken in the 9th century and ca 1080–99.[11]

The early basilica was the site of councils presided over by Pope Zosimus (417) and Symmachus (499). The last major event that took place in the lower basilica was the election in 1099 of Cardinal Rainerius of St Clemente as Pope Paschal II.

 
Interior of the second basilica

Apart from those in Santa Maria Antiqua, the largest collection of Early Medieval wall paintings in Rome is to be found in the lower basilica of San Clemente.[12]

Four of the largest frescoes in the basilica were sponsored by a lay couple, Beno de Rapiza and Maria Macellaria, at some time in the last third of the 11th century and focus on the life, miracles, and translation of St. Clement, and on the life of St. Alexius. Beno and Maria are shown in two of the compositions, once on the façade of the basilica together with their children, Altilia and Clemens ("puerulus Clemens," i.e. "little boy Clement"), offering gifts to St. Clement, and on a pillar on the left side of the nave, where they are portrayed on a small scale witnessing a miracle performed by St. Clement. Below this last scene is one of the earliest examples of the passage from Latin to vernacular Italian: a fresco of the pagan Sisinnius and his servants, who think they have captured St. Clement but are dragging a column instead. Sisinnius encourages the servants in Italian "Fili de le pute, traite! Gosmari, Albertel, traite! Falite dereto colo palo, Carvoncelle!",[13] which, translated into English means: "Come on, you sons of bitches, pull! Come on, Gosmari, Albertello, pull! Carvoncello, give it to him from the back with the pole!" The saint speaks in Latin, in a cross-shaped inscription: "Duritiam cordis vestris, saxa trahere meruistis", which means "You deserved to drag stones due to the hardness of your hearts."

Art historians have long regarded Beno de Rapiza and Maria Macellaria as partisans of the now-canonical 'reform' popes Gregory VII, Urban II, and Paschal II and the frescoes as reform-party propaganda. However, if the paintings date to the 1080s or 1090s, as many art historians believe, then Beno and Maria may instead have favoured the Antipope Clement III (Wibert of Ravenna), whom they sought to honour through paintings about the early Christian pope of the same name.[14]

The second basilica edit

 
Apse mosaic, San Clemente, c.1200, showing a common form of Byzantine arabesque motif of scrolled acanthus tendrils
 
Wooden ceiling

The current basilica was rebuilt in one campaign by Cardinal Anastasius, ca 1099-ca. 1120. A now-outdated hypothesis held that the original church had burned out during the Norman sack of the city under Robert Guiscard in 1084, but no evidence of fire damage in the lower basilica has been found to date. One possible explanation is that the lower basilica was filled in and the new church built on top due to the close association of the lower structure with the imperial opposition pope ("antipope") Clement III / Wibert of Ravenna.[14] Today, it is one of the most richly adorned churches in Rome. The ceremonial entrance (a side entrance is ordinarily used today) is through an atrium (B on plan) surrounded by arcades, which now serves as a cloister, with conventual buildings surrounding it. Fronting the atrium is the chaste facade of Carlo Stefano Fontana (nephew of Carlo Fontana), supported on antique columns, and his little campanile (illustration). The basilica church behind it is in three naves divided by arcades on ancient marble or granite columns, with Cosmatesque inlaid paving. The 12th-century schola cantorum (E on plan) incorporates marble elements from the original basilica. Behind it, in the presbytery is a ciborium (H on plan) raised on four gray-violet columns over the shrine of Clement in the crypt below. The episcopal seat stands in the apse, which is covered with mosaics on the theme of the Triumph of the Cross that are a high point of Roman 12th century mosaics.

 
Chiesa di S. Clemente etching by Giuseppe Vasi (1753)
 
Main entrance to the basilica

Irish Dominicans have owned the Basilica of San Clemente and the surrounding building complex since 1667. Pope Urban VIII gave them refuge at San Clemente, where they have remained, running a residence for priests (Italian: Collegio San Clemente Padri Domenicani Irlandesi a Roma) studying and teaching in Rome. The Dominicans themselves conducted the excavations in the 1950s in collaboration with Italian archaeology students.

On one wall in the atrium is a plaque affixed by Pope Clement XI in 1715, praising the Basilica of St. Clement, "This ancient church has withstood the ravages of the centuries."[15] Clement undertook restorations to the venerable structure, which he found dilapidated. He selected Carlo Stefano Fontana as architect, who erected a new facade, completed in 1719.[16] The carved and gilded coffered ceilings of nave and aisles, fitted with paintings, date from this time, as do the stucco decor, Ionic capitals and frescos.

The inscriptions found in S. Clemente, a valuable source illustrating the history of the Basilica, have been collected and published by Vincenzo Forcella.[17]

In one lateral chapel, there is a shrine with the tomb of Saint Cyril of the Saints Cyril and Methodius, who translated the Bible into Slavic language, created the Glagolitic alphabet, and Christianized the Slavs. Pope John Paul II used to pray there sometimes for Poland and the Slavic countries.[18] The chapel also holds a Madonna by Giovanni Battista Salvi da Sassoferrato.

The current position of Cardinal Priest of the Titulus S. Clementi is vacant. Pope Paschal II (1076–1099) was one of the previous holders of the titulus.

During the Second World War, Jewish religious services were conducted in the Basilica di San Clemente, since it was under Irish diplomatic protection, under a painting of Tobias.[19]

List of Cardinal Protectors edit

This Basilica is the seat of the cardinalatial title of Sancti Clementi.

Priors edit

  • Paul Lawlor (since 2021)
  • Stephen Hutchinson (2019-2021)
  • Thomas McCarthy (2015-2018)
  • John M. Cunningham (2012-2015)
  • Terence Crotty (2011-2012)
  • Michael Dunleavy (2008-2011)
  • John M. Cunningham (2005-2008)
  • (William) Luke Dempsey OP, prior (1974-1977) and (1999-2002)
  • Ambrose Duffy OP, prior (1968-1974)
  • Anselm Moynihan OP, prior (1962-1968)
  • Henry Peel OP, prior (1959-1962)
  • Leo Lennon OP, prior (1953-1959)
  • Isidore McArdle OP, prior (1949-1953)
  • Raymond M. Dowdall OP, (1940-1949) spent 21 years in San Clemente, prior for 9 years
  • Michael Browne OP, Irish Dominican prior (1925-1930) became Cardinal
  • Thomas (James) Crotty OP, prior for two periods (1905-1911)
  • Thomas Nicholas Burke OP, prior (1864-1867), returned to Ireland a prior of Athenry
  • Thomas Folan OP, Irish Dominican prior (1857-1858)
  • Joseph Mullooly OP, archaeologist, Irish Dominican superior/prior (1850-1857)
  • Thomas Mullins OP, Irish Dominican prior (1848-1850)
  • Joseph Taylor OP, prior (1807-18??)
  • John Connolly OP, STM, prior (1787-1784), later served as Bishop of New York
  • Richard Luke Concanen OP, prior (1782-1787), later served as Bishop of New York
  • John Troy OP, prior/rector(1772-77), later Bishop of Ossory, and Archbishop of Dublin
  • Ambrose MacDermott OP, served as prior at the college of Saints Sixtus and Clemente (1686 to 1689)
  • Nicholas Lynch OP, prior of San Sisto Vecchio (1634)

Relics edit

 
The coat of arms of the basilica, which combines that of the Order of Preachers with the anchor of Saint Clement and his Latin initials (Sanctus Clemens).

The Basilica di San Clemente in fiction edit

  • The "Church (or Basilica) of S. Tommaso in Pallaria", featured extensively in Ngaio Marsh's When in Rome (1970), is modelled closely on S. Clemente.
  • The crypto-thriller The Sword of Moses by Dominic Selwood (Corax, London, 2013, ISBN 978-0992633202) has several scenes set on all three levels of the Basilica di San Clemente: the upper basilica, the lower basilica, and the Roman mithraeum.
  • The fictional poem "San Clemente Syndrome" - also the title of the third part - in Call Me By Your Name is named after the church by the poet Elio meets in at a book store in B. and once again at a book party in Rome.

Notes edit

  1. ^ "Abandoned c. 1100 A.D. and forgotten until its existence was rediscovered by archaeological excavation in the mid-nineteenth century", remarks John Osborne, in discussing "The 'Particular Judgment': An Early Medieval Wall-Painting in the Lower Church of San Clemente, Rome" The Burlington Magazine 123 No. 939 (June 1981:335-341) p 335.
  2. ^ Biographical note of Joseph Mullooly, OP Accessed 03/08/2016
  3. ^ Jones, J. R. M. (2015). The Location of the Trajanic Mint at Rome. The Numismatic Chronicle, 175, 137–145. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43859785
  4. ^ CIMRM, p. 338
  5. ^ Vermaseren, M. J. (1956), Corpus Inscriptionum et Monumentorum Religionis Mithriacae, Vol. 1, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, pp. 156–158.
  6. ^ CIMRM, p. 339
  7. ^ CIMRM, p. 343
  8. ^ CIMRM, p. 344
  9. ^ CIMRM, p. 342
  10. ^ CIMRM, p. 346
  11. ^ Joan E. Barclay Lloyd, "The building history of the medieval church of S. Clemente in Rome" The Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 45.3 (September 1986), pp. 197-223.
  12. ^ 10th-century frescoes discussed in Osborne 1981, and mid-8th-century fragmentary frescos discussed in John Osborne, "Early Medieval Painting in San Clemente, Rome: The Madonna and Child in the Niche" Gesta 20.2 (1981:299-310).
  13. ^ Lourdaux, W. (1984), The Bible and Medieval Culture, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, pp. 30–31, ISBN 90-6186-089-X
  14. ^ a b Lila Yawn, "Clement’s New Clothes. The Destruction of Old S. Clemente in Rome, the Eleventh-Century Frescoes, and the Cult of (Anti)Pope Clement III," Reti Medievali Rivista, 13/1 (Apr. 2012), pp. 175-208..
  15. ^ V. Forcella, Inscrizioni delle chese e d' altre edifici di Roma, dal secolo XI fino al secolo XVI Volume IV (Roma: Fratelli Bencini, 1874), p. 509, no. 1259: antiquissimam hanc ecclesiam quae pene sola aevi damnis invicta priscarum urbis basilicarum formam adhuc servat....
  16. ^ John Gilmartin, "The Paintings Commissioned by Pope Clement XI for the Basilica of San Clemente in Rome" The Burlington Magazine 116 No. 855 (June 1974, pp. 304-312) p 304.
  17. ^ V. Forcella, Inscrizioni delle chese e d' altre edifici di Roma, dal secolo XI fino al secolo XVI Volume IV (Roma: Fratelli Bencini, 1874), pp. 499-511.
  18. ^ . www.basilicasanclemente.com. Archived from the original on 24 September 2008.
  19. ^ Coogan, Tim Pat (2002). Wherever Green is Worn. London: Hutchinson. p. 86. ISBN 0-09-995850-3.
  20. ^ Rudolf Hüls (1977). Kardinäle, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049–1130 (in German). Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom. pp. 158–159. ISBN 978-3-484-80071-7.
  21. ^ Hüls, pp. 160-161.
  22. ^ Hüls, pp. 161-162.
  23. ^ Hüls, pp. 162-163.
  24. ^ "San Clemente (Cardinal Titular Church) [Catholic-Hierarchy]". www.catholic-hierarchy.org.

Bibliography edit

  • Mullooly, Joseph (2007), Saint Clement: Pope and Martyr and His Basilica in Rome, Reprint from 1st edition in 1873, Kessinger Publishing, LLC, ISBN 978-0-548-77854-8
  • Leonard E Boyle; Eileen M C Kane; Federico Guidobaldi; Luke Dempsey, San Clemente miscellany / 2, Art and archaeology (Romae : apud S. Clementem, 1978).
  • Joan Barclay Lloyd, The Medieval Church and Canonry of S. Clemente in Rome (Rome: San Clemente, 1989) [San Clemente miscellany, 3].
  • Federico Guidobaldi; Claudia Barsanti; Alessandra Guiglia Guidobaldi, San Clemente (Romae : San Clemente, 1992).
  • Papandrea, James L. (8 October 2012), Rome: A Pilgrim's Guide to the Eternal City, Cascade Books, ISBN 978-1-61097-268-0.
  • John Melville-Jones; "The Location of the Trajanic Mint at Rome", The Numismatic Chronicle Vol. 175, 2015, 137–45.

External links edit

  • Basilica San Clemente - Basilica San Clemente - Official Website
  • Kunsthistorie.com gallery.
  • Article on Basilica of San Clemente written by Holly Hayes, Sacred Destinations
  • High-resolution 360° Panoramas and Images of Basilica of San Clemente al Laterano | Art Atlas

  Media related to San Clemente (Rome) at Wikimedia Commons

Preceded by
Santi Celso e Giuliano 		Landmarks of Rome
San Clemente al Laterano 		Succeeded by
Santi Cosma e Damiano

November 30, 2023
clemente, laterano, basilica, saint, clement, italian, basilica, latin, catholic, minor, basilica, dedicated, pope, clement, located, rome, italy, archaeologically, speaking, structure, three, tiered, complex, buildings, present, basilica, built, just, before,. The Basilica of Saint Clement Italian Basilica di San Clemente al Laterano is a Latin Catholic minor basilica dedicated to Pope Clement I located in Rome Italy Archaeologically speaking the structure is a three tiered complex of buildings 1 the present basilica built just before the year 1100 during the height of the Middle Ages 2 beneath the present basilica is a 4th century basilica that had been converted out of the home of a Roman nobleman part of which had in the 1st century briefly served as an early church and the basement of which had in the 2nd century briefly served as a mithraeum 3 the home of the Roman nobleman had been built on the foundations of republican era villa and warehouse that had been destroyed in the Great Fire of AD 64 Saint ClementSan Clemente Italian Sancti Clementis Latin Courtyard of the Basilica of Saint ClementClick on the map for a fullscreen view41 53 22 N 12 29 51 E 41 88944 N 12 49750 E 41 88944 12 49750LocationRomeCountryItalyDenominationCatholic ChurchTraditionLatin ChurchWebsitewww wbr basilicasanclemente wbr comHistoryStatusBasilica titular church national churchDedicationPope Clement IArchitectureArchitectural typeChurchStylePaleochristian RomanesqueGroundbreaking1108Completed1123SpecificationsLength45 metres 148 ft Width25 metres 82 ft Nave width13 metres 43 ft Contents 1 History 1 1 Before the 4th century 1 2 4th 11th century 1 3 The second basilica 2 List of Cardinal Protectors 3 Priors 4 Relics 5 The Basilica di San Clemente in fiction 6 Notes 7 Bibliography 8 External linksHistory edit nbsp Plan of the churchThis ancient church was transformed over the centuries from a private home that was the site of clandestine Christian worship in the 1st century to a grand public basilica by the 6th century reflecting the emerging Catholic Church s growing legitimacy and power The archaeological traces of the basilica s history were discovered in the 1860s by Joseph Mullooly 1 Prior of the house of Irish Dominicans at San Clemente 1847 1880 2 Before the 4th century edit The lowest levels of the present basilica contain remnants of the foundation of a possibly republican era building that might have been destroyed in the Great Fire of 64 An industrial building probably the imperial mint of Rome from the late 1st century A D onwards because a similar building is represented on a 16th century drawing of a fragment of the Severan marble plan of the city was built 3 or remodelled on the same site during the Flavian period Shortly after an insula or apartment block was also built citation needed It was separated from the industrial building by a narrow alleyway About a hundred years later c 200 a mithraeum a sanctuary of the cult of Mithras was built in the courtyard of the insula The main cult room the speleum cave 4 which is about 9 6m long and 6m wide was discovered in 1867 but could not be investigated until 1914 due to lack of drainage 5 The exedra the shallow apse at the far end of the low vaulted space was trimmed with pumice to render it more cave like Central to the main room of the sanctuary was found an altar in the shape of a sarcophagus and with the main cult relief of the tauroctony the image of Mithras slaying a bull on its front face 6 The torchbearers Cautes and Cautopates appear on respectively the left and right faces of the same monument A dedicatory inscription identifies the donor as one pater Cnaeus Arrius Claudianus perhaps of the same clan as Titus Arrius Antoninus mother Other monuments discovered in the sanctuary include a bust of Sol 7 kept in the sanctuary in a niche near the entrance and a figure of Mithras petra generix 8 i e Mithras born of the rock Fragments of statuary of the two torch bearers were also found 9 One of the rooms adjoining the main chamber has two oblong brickwork enclosures 10 one of which was used as a ritual refuse pit for remnants of the cult meal All three monuments mentioned above are still on display in the mithraeum A fourth monument a statue of St Peter found in the speleum s vestibule and still on display there is not of the mysteries 4th 11th century edit At some time in the 4th century the lower level of the industrial building was filled in with dirt and rubble and its second floor remodeled An apse was built out over part of the domus whose lowest floor with the Mithraeum was also filled in This first basilica is known to have existed in 392 when St Jerome wrote of the church dedicated to St Clement i e Pope Clement I a 1st century AD Christian convert and previously considered by patrologists and ecclesiastical historians to be identical with Titus Flavius Clemens Restorations were undertaken in the 9th century and ca 1080 99 11 The early basilica was the site of councils presided over by Pope Zosimus 417 and Symmachus 499 The last major event that took place in the lower basilica was the election in 1099 of Cardinal Rainerius of St Clemente as Pope Paschal II nbsp Interior of the second basilicaApart from those in Santa Maria Antiqua the largest collection of Early Medieval wall paintings in Rome is to be found in the lower basilica of San Clemente 12 Four of the largest frescoes in the basilica were sponsored by a lay couple Beno de Rapiza and Maria Macellaria at some time in the last third of the 11th century and focus on the life miracles and translation of St Clement and on the life of St Alexius Beno and Maria are shown in two of the compositions once on the facade of the basilica together with their children Altilia and Clemens puerulus Clemens i e little boy Clement offering gifts to St Clement and on a pillar on the left side of the nave where they are portrayed on a small scale witnessing a miracle performed by St Clement Below this last scene is one of the earliest examples of the passage from Latin to vernacular Italian a fresco of the pagan Sisinnius and his servants who think they have captured St Clement but are dragging a column instead Sisinnius encourages the servants in Italian Fili de le pute traite Gosmari Albertel traite Falite dereto colo palo Carvoncelle 13 which translated into English means Come on you sons of bitches pull Come on Gosmari Albertello pull Carvoncello give it to him from the back with the pole The saint speaks in Latin in a cross shaped inscription Duritiam cordis vestris saxa trahere meruistis which means You deserved to drag stones due to the hardness of your hearts Art historians have long regarded Beno de Rapiza and Maria Macellaria as partisans of the now canonical reform popes Gregory VII Urban II and Paschal II and the frescoes as reform party propaganda However if the paintings date to the 1080s or 1090s as many art historians believe then Beno and Maria may instead have favoured the Antipope Clement III Wibert of Ravenna whom they sought to honour through paintings about the early Christian pope of the same name 14 The second basilica edit nbsp Apse mosaic San Clemente c 1200 showing a common form of Byzantine arabesque motif of scrolled acanthus tendrils nbsp Wooden ceilingThe current basilica was rebuilt in one campaign by Cardinal Anastasius ca 1099 ca 1120 A now outdated hypothesis held that the original church had burned out during the Norman sack of the city under Robert Guiscard in 1084 but no evidence of fire damage in the lower basilica has been found to date One possible explanation is that the lower basilica was filled in and the new church built on top due to the close association of the lower structure with the imperial opposition pope antipope Clement III Wibert of Ravenna 14 Today it is one of the most richly adorned churches in Rome The ceremonial entrance a side entrance is ordinarily used today is through an atrium B on plan surrounded by arcades which now serves as a cloister with conventual buildings surrounding it Fronting the atrium is the chaste facade of Carlo Stefano Fontana nephew of Carlo Fontana supported on antique columns and his little campanile illustration The basilica church behind it is in three naves divided by arcades on ancient marble or granite columns with Cosmatesque inlaid paving The 12th century schola cantorum E on plan incorporates marble elements from the original basilica Behind it in the presbytery is a ciborium H on plan raised on four gray violet columns over the shrine of Clement in the crypt below The episcopal seat stands in the apse which is covered with mosaics on the theme of the Triumph of the Cross that are a high point of Roman 12th century mosaics nbsp Chiesa di S Clemente etching by Giuseppe Vasi 1753 nbsp Main entrance to the basilicaIrish Dominicans have owned the Basilica of San Clemente and the surrounding building complex since 1667 Pope Urban VIII gave them refuge at San Clemente where they have remained running a residence for priests Italian Collegio San Clemente Padri Domenicani Irlandesi a Roma studying and teaching in Rome The Dominicans themselves conducted the excavations in the 1950s in collaboration with Italian archaeology students On one wall in the atrium is a plaque affixed by Pope Clement XI in 1715 praising the Basilica of St Clement This ancient church has withstood the ravages of the centuries 15 Clement undertook restorations to the venerable structure which he found dilapidated He selected Carlo Stefano Fontana as architect who erected a new facade completed in 1719 16 The carved and gilded coffered ceilings of nave and aisles fitted with paintings date from this time as do the stucco decor Ionic capitals and frescos The inscriptions found in S Clemente a valuable source illustrating the history of the Basilica have been collected and published by Vincenzo Forcella 17 In one lateral chapel there is a shrine with the tomb of Saint Cyril of the Saints Cyril and Methodius who translated the Bible into Slavic language created the Glagolitic alphabet and Christianized the Slavs Pope John Paul II used to pray there sometimes for Poland and the Slavic countries 18 The chapel also holds a Madonna by Giovanni Battista Salvi da Sassoferrato The current position of Cardinal Priest of the Titulus S Clementi is vacant Pope Paschal II 1076 1099 was one of the previous holders of the titulus During the Second World War Jewish religious services were conducted in the Basilica di San Clemente since it was under Irish diplomatic protection under a painting of Tobias 19 List of Cardinal Protectors editThis Basilica is the seat of the cardinalatial title of Sancti Clementi Hugo Candidus 1049 1078 20 Rainero di Bleda O Cist 1078 1099 21 Anastasius of S Clemente 1102 1125 22 Uberto Rossi Lanfranchi 1125 1137 23 Lucio Boezio 1138 1144 Bernardo 1145 1158 Vernavero 1170 1178 Pietro 1188 1188 Giovanni 1189 1199 Pietro Peregrosso 1289 1295 Guillaume de Ferrieres cardinal 18 September 1294 7 September 1295 Giacomo Tomassi Caetani OFM 17 December 1295 1 January 1300 Bernard de Garves 18 June 1316 1328 Pierre Bertrand 20 December 1331 23 June 1349 Gil Alvarez de Albornoz 17 December 1350 December 1356 Guillaume de la Jugie 22 April 1368 28 April 1374 Pierre dela Jugie 22 December 1375 19 November 1376 Gerard du Puy 3 February 1377 14 February 1389 Poncello Orsini 18 September 1378 2 February 1395 Gabriele Condulmer 9 May 1408 1426 Hugues de Lusignan 11 March 1431 20 April 1431 Francesco Condulmer 19 September 1431 April 1445 Enrico Rampini 16 December 1446 4 July 1450 Giovanni Castiglione cardinal 9 March 1457 14 April 1460 Giacopo Antonio Venier 3 December 1476 3 August 1479 Domenico della Rovere 13 August 1479 22 April 1501 Jaime Serra I Cau 28 June 1502 20 January 1511 Francesco Argentino 17 March 1511 23 August 1511 Giulio de Medici 26 June 1517 6 July 1517 Luigi de Rossi 6 July 1517 20 August 1519 Domenico Giacobazzi 20 August 1519 1528 Andrea Matteo Palmieri 21 November 1527 20 January 1537 Girolamo Ghinucci 25 January 1537 3 July 1541 Gian Pietro Carafa 6 July 1541 24 September 1543 Rodolfo Pio 24 September 1543 17 October 1544 Pietro Bembo OBE 17 October 1544 19 January 1547 Juan Alvarez de Toledo OP 24 January 1547 4 December 1551 Giovanni Battista Cicala 4 December 1551 7 November 1565 Gianantonio Capizucchi 7 November 1565 28 January 1569 Luigi Cornaro 9 February 1569 9 June 1570 Giovanni Antonio Serbelloni 9 June 1570 3 July 1570 Stanislaw Hozjusz 3 July 1570 9 July 1578 Gianfrancesco Gambara 9 July 1578 17 August 1579 Mark Sittich von Hohenems 17 August 1579 5 December 1580 Alfonso Gesualdo 5 December 1580 4 March 1583 Prospero Santacroce 4 March 1583 2 March 1589l Vincenzo Lauro 2 March 1589 17 December 1592 Flaminio Piatti 15 March 1593 10 June 1596 Gian Francesco Biandrate di San Giorgio Aldobrandini 21 June 1596 16 July 1605 Carlo Conti 17 August 1605 7 January 1613 Jean de Bonsi 20 July 1615 3 March 1621 Desiderio Scaglia OP 3 March 1621 9 February 1626 Giovanni Domenico Spinola 9 February 1626 11 August 1646 Marcantonio Franciotti 17 August 1637 19 December 1639 Vincenzo Maculani OP 10 February 1642 16 February 1667 Innico Caracciolo seniore 18 July 1667 30 January 1685 Ferdinando d Adda 10 April 1690 2 October 1696 Tommaso Maria Ferrari OP 2 January 1696 20 August 1716 Annibale Albani 6 July 1722 24 July 1730 24 July 1730 21 October 1751 Cosimo Imperiali 10 December 1753 12 February 1759 Gian Francesco Albani 12 February 1759 21 July 1760 Carlo Rezzonico iuniore 24 January 1763 14 December 1772 Francesco Carafa della Spina di Traetto 26 April 1773 15 September 1788 Stefano Borgia 3 August 1789 23 November 1804 Benedetto Naro 29 April 1816 6 October 1832 Benedetto Cappelletti 17 December 1832 15 May 1834 Francesco Canali 1 August 1834 11 April 1835 Pietro Ostini 21 November 1836 3 April 1843 Antonio Maria Cadolini 22 June 1843 1 August 1851 Domenico Lucciardi 18 March 1852 13 March 1864 Henri Marie Gaston Boisnormand de Bonnechose 22 September 1864 28 October 1883 Guglielmo Sanfelice d Acquavilla 24 March 1884 3 September 1897 Guillaume Marie Romain Sourrieu 24 March 1898 16 June 1899 Gennaro Portanova 22 June 1899 25 April 1908 William Henry O Connell 30 November 1911 22 April 1944 John Joseph Glennon 22 June 1946 9 March 1946 Johannes de Jong 12 October 1946 8 September 1955 Amleto Giovanni Cicognani 18 December 1858 23 May 1962 Lawrence Joseph Shehan 25 May 1965 26 August 1984 Adrianus Johannes Simonis 25 May 1985 2 September 2020 Arrigo Miglio 27 August 2022 present 24 Priors editPaul Lawlor since 2021 Stephen Hutchinson 2019 2021 Thomas McCarthy 2015 2018 John M Cunningham 2012 2015 Terence Crotty 2011 2012 Michael Dunleavy 2008 2011 John M Cunningham 2005 2008 William Luke Dempsey OP prior 1974 1977 and 1999 2002 Ambrose Duffy OP prior 1968 1974 Anselm Moynihan OP prior 1962 1968 Henry Peel OP prior 1959 1962 Leo Lennon OP prior 1953 1959 Isidore McArdle OP prior 1949 1953 Raymond M Dowdall OP 1940 1949 spent 21 years in San Clemente prior for 9 years Michael Browne OP Irish Dominican prior 1925 1930 became Cardinal Thomas James Crotty OP prior for two periods 1905 1911 Thomas Nicholas Burke OP prior 1864 1867 returned to Ireland a prior of Athenry Thomas Folan OP Irish Dominican prior 1857 1858 Joseph Mullooly OP archaeologist Irish Dominican superior prior 1850 1857 Thomas Mullins OP Irish Dominican prior 1848 1850 Joseph Taylor OP prior 1807 18 John Connolly OP STM prior 1787 1784 later served as Bishop of New York Richard Luke Concanen OP prior 1782 1787 later served as Bishop of New York John Troy OP prior rector 1772 77 later Bishop of Ossory and Archbishop of Dublin Ambrose MacDermott OP served as prior at the college of Saints Sixtus and Clemente 1686 to 1689 Nicholas Lynch OP prior of San Sisto Vecchio 1634 Relics edit nbsp The coat of arms of the basilica which combines that of the Order of Preachers with the anchor of Saint Clement and his Latin initials Sanctus Clemens Pope Saint Clement I relics Saint Ignatius of Antioch relics Saint Cyril the Philosopher relics The Basilica di San Clemente in fiction editThe Church or Basilica of S Tommaso in Pallaria featured extensively in Ngaio Marsh s When in Rome 1970 is modelled closely on S Clemente The crypto thriller The Sword of Moses by Dominic Selwood Corax London 2013 ISBN 978 0992633202 has several scenes set on all three levels of the Basilica di San Clemente the upper basilica the lower basilica and the Roman mithraeum The fictional poem San Clemente Syndrome also the title of the third part in Call Me By Your Name is named after the church by the poet Elio meets in at a book store in B and once again at a book party in Rome Notes edit Abandoned c 1100 A D and forgotten until its existence was rediscovered by archaeological excavation in the mid nineteenth century remarks John Osborne in discussing The Particular Judgment An Early Medieval Wall Painting in the Lower Church of San Clemente Rome The Burlington Magazine 123 No 939 June 1981 335 341 p 335 Biographical note of Joseph Mullooly OP Accessed 03 08 2016 Jones J R M 2015 The Location of the Trajanic Mint at Rome The Numismatic Chronicle 175 137 145 http www jstor org stable 43859785 CIMRM p 338 Vermaseren M J 1956 Corpus Inscriptionum et Monumentorum Religionis Mithriacae Vol 1 The Hague Martinus Nijhoff pp 156 158 CIMRM p 339 CIMRM p 343 CIMRM p 344 CIMRM p 342 CIMRM p 346 Joan E Barclay Lloyd The building history of the medieval church of S Clemente in Rome The Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 45 3 September 1986 pp 197 223 10th century frescoes discussed in Osborne 1981 and mid 8th century fragmentary frescos discussed in John Osborne Early Medieval Painting in San Clemente Rome The Madonna and Child in the Niche Gesta 20 2 1981 299 310 Lourdaux W 1984 The Bible and Medieval Culture Ithaca Cornell University Press pp 30 31 ISBN 90 6186 089 X a b Lila Yawn Clement s New Clothes The Destruction of Old S Clemente in Rome the Eleventh Century Frescoes and the Cult of Anti Pope Clement III Reti Medievali Rivista 13 1 Apr 2012 pp 175 208 V Forcella Inscrizioni delle chese e d altre edifici di Roma dal secolo XI fino al secolo XVI Volume IV Roma Fratelli Bencini 1874 p 509 no 1259 antiquissimam hanc ecclesiam quae pene sola aevi damnis invicta priscarum urbis basilicarum formam adhuc servat John Gilmartin The Paintings Commissioned by Pope Clement XI for the Basilica of San Clemente in Rome The Burlington Magazine 116 No 855 June 1974 pp 304 312 p 304 V Forcella Inscrizioni delle chese e d altre edifici di Roma dal secolo XI fino al secolo XVI Volume IV Roma Fratelli Bencini 1874 pp 499 511 Basilica San Clemente Roma www basilicasanclemente com Archived from the original on 24 September 2008 Coogan Tim Pat 2002 Wherever Green is Worn London Hutchinson p 86 ISBN 0 09 995850 3 Rudolf Huls 1977 Kardinale Klerus und Kirchen Roms 1049 1130 in German Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom pp 158 159 ISBN 978 3 484 80071 7 Huls pp 160 161 Huls pp 161 162 Huls pp 162 163 San Clemente Cardinal Titular Church Catholic Hierarchy www catholic hierarchy org Bibliography editMullooly Joseph 2007 Saint Clement Pope and Martyr and His Basilica in Rome Reprint from 1st edition in 1873 Kessinger Publishing LLC ISBN 978 0 548 77854 8 Leonard E Boyle Eileen M C Kane Federico Guidobaldi Luke Dempsey San Clemente miscellany 2 Art and archaeology Romae apud S Clementem 1978 Joan Barclay Lloyd The Medieval Church and Canonry of S Clemente in Rome Rome San Clemente 1989 San Clemente miscellany 3 Federico Guidobaldi Claudia Barsanti Alessandra Guiglia Guidobaldi San Clemente Romae San Clemente 1992 Papandrea James L 8 October 2012 Rome A Pilgrim s Guide to the Eternal City Cascade Books ISBN 978 1 61097 268 0 John Melville Jones The Location of the Trajanic Mint at Rome The Numismatic Chronicle Vol 175 2015 137 45 External links editBasilica San Clemente Basilica San Clemente Official Website Kunsthistorie com gallery Article on Basilica of San Clemente written by Holly Hayes Sacred Destinations High resolution 360 Panoramas and Images of Basilica of San Clemente al Laterano Art Atlas nbsp Media related to San Clemente Rome at Wikimedia Commons Preceded bySanti Celso e Giuliano Landmarks of RomeSan Clemente al Laterano Succeeded bySanti Cosma e Damiano Portals nbsp Catholicism nbsp Italy Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title San Clemente al Laterano amp oldid 1177000414, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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