Russula sanguinaria, commonly known as the bloody brittlegill, is a strikingly coloured mushroom of the genus Russula, which has the common name of brittlegills. It is bright blood-red, inedible, and grows in association with coniferous trees. It was previously widely known as Russula sanguinea.
Russula sanguinaria in Germany, Schelklingen, Hausen
The bloody brittlegill was first described as Agaricus sanguinarius by Heinrich Christian Friedrich Schumacher in 1803, and redescribed under its current binomial name by mycologist Stephan Rauschert in 1989. Agaricus sanguinea was described by Bulliard and renamed Russula sanguinea by Elias Magnus Fries.
Both the specific epithetssanguinaria and sanguinea are derived from the Latin word sanguis ('blood'), a reference to the mushroom's colour.[1] According to David Arora in 1986, it was unclear whether this European species is the same as the American species Russula rosacea.[2] According to a 2012 field guide, they are the same.[3]
DescriptionEdit
The robust cap grows up to 10 cm (4 in) in diameter. At first it is convex, but later flattens, and sometimes becomes saucer-shaped when mature. It is bright blood-red, or rose coloured at first, fading slightly with age, and often having paler areas. The cap skin peels at the margin only. The stem is firmly robust, occasionally white, but more commonly flushed with the cap colour. It is streaked vertically, and tends to turn greyish pink with age. The cream to pale ochre gills are adnate to slightly decurrent, narrow and forking. The spore print is also cream to pale ochre. The flesh is white, somewhat hot and peppery, and sometimes bitter on the tongue,[4] with a faint fruity smell.[1]
Similar speciesEdit
Russula helodes is macroscopically identical, but tends to favour sphagnum moss in coniferous forests, and is much rarer.
Russula emetica (Schaeff.) Pers. grows in the same habitat, and has a bright red cap. It almost never has a coloured stipe, and is very crumbly and fragile.
Most of the other common bright red Russula species grow with deciduous trees.
Distribution and habitatEdit
Russula sanguinaria appears in summer and autumn. It is widespread in the northern temperate zones, and is mycorrhizal with softwood trees, often Pinus (pine) in coniferous woodland, on sandy soils.[5]
EdibilityEdit
This mushroom is inedible;[6] it has a 'peppery' taste, and is sometimes quite bitter. Many similar-tasting Russulas are poisonous when eaten raw. The symptoms are mainly gastrointestinal in nature: diarrhoea, vomiting and colicky abdominal cramps. The active agent has not been identified but is thought to consist of sesquiterpenes, which have been isolated from Russula sardonia,[7] and the related genus Lactarius.[8]
^ abNilson S & Persson O (1977). Fungi of Northern Europe 2: Gill-Fungi. Penguin. p. 118. ISBN0-14-063006-6.
^Arora, David (1986). Mushrooms demystified: a comprehensive guide to the fleshy fungi (2nd ed.). Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. p. 653. ISBN0-89815-169-4.
^Phillips, Roger (2010). Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. p. 152. ISBN978-1-55407-651-2.
^Andina D. et al. (1980). "Sesquiterpenes from Russula sardonia." Phytochemistry19: 93–97
^Benjamin, Denis R. (1995). Mushrooms: Poisons and Panaceas — a Handbook for Naturalists, Mycologists and Physicians. New York: WH Freeman and Company. p. 369. ISBN0-7167-2600-9.
August 30, 2023
russula, sanguinaria, commonly, known, bloody, brittlegill, strikingly, coloured, mushroom, genus, russula, which, common, name, brittlegills, bright, blood, inedible, grows, association, with, coniferous, trees, previously, widely, known, russula, sanguinea, . Russula sanguinaria commonly known as the bloody brittlegill is a strikingly coloured mushroom of the genus Russula which has the common name of brittlegills It is bright blood red inedible and grows in association with coniferous trees It was previously widely known as Russula sanguinea Russula sanguinariaScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom FungiDivision BasidiomycotaClass AgaricomycetesOrder RussulalesFamily RussulaceaeGenus RussulaSpecies R sanguinariaBinomial nameRussula sanguinaria Schumach Rauschert 1989 SynonymsR sanguinea Bull Fr 1803 Russula sanguinariaMycological characteristicsGills on hymeniumCap is convex or depressedHymenium is adnate or decurrentStipe is bareSpore print is creamEdibility is inedible Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Description 2 1 Similar species 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Edibility 5 See also 6 ReferencesTaxonomy Edit Russula sanguinaria in Germany Schelklingen HausenThe bloody brittlegill was first described as Agaricus sanguinarius by Heinrich Christian Friedrich Schumacher in 1803 and redescribed under its current binomial name by mycologist Stephan Rauschert in 1989 Agaricus sanguinea was described by Bulliard and renamed Russula sanguinea by Elias Magnus Fries Both the specific epithets sanguinaria and sanguinea are derived from the Latin word sanguis blood a reference to the mushroom s colour 1 According to David Arora in 1986 it was unclear whether this European species is the same as the American species Russula rosacea 2 According to a 2012 field guide they are the same 3 Description EditThe robust cap grows up to 10 cm 4 in in diameter At first it is convex but later flattens and sometimes becomes saucer shaped when mature It is bright blood red or rose coloured at first fading slightly with age and often having paler areas The cap skin peels at the margin only The stem is firmly robust occasionally white but more commonly flushed with the cap colour It is streaked vertically and tends to turn greyish pink with age The cream to pale ochre gills are adnate to slightly decurrent narrow and forking The spore print is also cream to pale ochre The flesh is white somewhat hot and peppery and sometimes bitter on the tongue 4 with a faint fruity smell 1 Similar species Edit Russula helodes is macroscopically identical but tends to favour sphagnum moss in coniferous forests and is much rarer Russula emetica Schaeff Pers grows in the same habitat and has a bright red cap It almost never has a coloured stipe and is very crumbly and fragile Most of the other common bright red Russula species grow with deciduous trees Distribution and habitat EditRussula sanguinaria appears in summer and autumn It is widespread in the northern temperate zones and is mycorrhizal with softwood trees often Pinus pine in coniferous woodland on sandy soils 5 Edibility EditThis mushroom is inedible 6 it has a peppery taste and is sometimes quite bitter Many similar tasting Russulas are poisonous when eaten raw The symptoms are mainly gastrointestinal in nature diarrhoea vomiting and colicky abdominal cramps The active agent has not been identified but is thought to consist of sesquiterpenes which have been isolated from Russula sardonia 7 and the related genus Lactarius 8 See also EditList of Russula speciesReferences Edit a b Nilson S amp Persson O 1977 Fungi of Northern Europe 2 Gill Fungi Penguin p 118 ISBN 0 14 063006 6 Arora David 1986 Mushrooms demystified a comprehensive guide to the fleshy fungi 2nd ed Berkeley Ten Speed Press p 653 ISBN 0 89815 169 4 Davis R Michael Sommer Robert Menge John A 2012 Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America Berkeley University of California Press pp 115 116 ISBN 978 0 520 95360 4 OCLC 797915861 Roger Phillips 2006 Mushrooms Pan MacMillan p 17 ISBN 0 330 44237 6 Thomas Laessoe 1998 Mushrooms flexi bound Dorling Kindersley ISBN 0 7513 1070 0 Phillips Roger 2010 Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America Buffalo NY Firefly Books p 152 ISBN 978 1 55407 651 2 Andina D et al 1980 Sesquiterpenes from Russula sardonia Phytochemistry 19 93 97 Benjamin Denis R 1995 Mushrooms Poisons and Panaceas a Handbook for Naturalists Mycologists and Physicians New York WH Freeman and Company p 369 ISBN 0 7167 2600 9 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Russula sanguinaria amp oldid 1122280628, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
