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Russian cosmism

January 01, 1970

Not to be confused with Cosmicism.

Russian cosmism, also cosmism, is a later term[1] for philosophical and cultural movement that emerged in Russia at the turn of the 19th century, and again, at the beginning of the 20th century. At the beginning of the 20th century, there was a burst of scientific investigation into interplanetary travel, largely driven by fiction writers such as Jules Verne and H. G. Wells as well as philosophical movements like the Russian cosmism.

An illustration to Tsiolkovsky's educational science fiction story On the Moon (1893)

Theory edit

The Culture of Health is the basic science about Spiritual Humanity. It studies the perspectives of harmonious development of Spiritual man and Spiritual ethnos as a conscious creator of the State of Light into the territory of the Solar System

 Victor Skumin[2][3]

Cosmism entailed a broad theory of natural philosophy, combining elements of religion and ethics with a history and philosophy of the origin, evolution, and future existence of the cosmos and humankind. It combined elements from both Eastern and Western philosophic traditions as well as from the Russian Orthodox Church.[4]

Cosmism was one of the influences on Proletkult, and after the October Revolution, the term came to be applied to "...the poetry of such writers as Mikhail Gerasimov and Vladimir Kirillov...: emotional paeans to physical labor, machines, and the collective of industrial workers ... organized around the image of the universal 'Proletarian', who strides forth from the earth to conquer planets and stars."[5] This form of cosmism, along with the writings of Nikolai Fyodorov, was a strong influence on Andrei Platonov.[2]

Many ideas of the Russian cosmists were later developed by those in the transhumanist movement.[2] Victor Skumin argues that the Culture of Health will play an important role in the creation of a human spiritual society into the Solar System.[6][7]

Representatives edit

Russian Cosmism can be divided into two categories: scientific and philosophical.[8] While the scientific branch is naturalistic, the philosophical branch is mystical and metaphysical, yet both branches are inherently spiritual. This is particularly evident among early Russian Cosmists who followed in the footsteps of spiritual thinkers like Fyodorov and Solovyov. For a more nuanced categorization, there is often a third category mentioned by scholars: the artistic branch.[9]

The Philosophical Branch edit

See also: Nikolai Fyodorov (philosopher)

Nikolai Fyodorovich Fyodorov (1828–1903), who is regarded as the father of Russian Cosmism, is its most representative figure. The major idea associated with Fyodorov is the philosophy of Humankind's Common Task, which meant "to regulate the forces of nature, to defeat death and bring ancestors back to life so that they too would participate in the general resurrection."[10]

This idea was so central to his philosophy that "whatever topic he wrote about, Fedorov brought in his main idea of the Common Task—how to achieve universal brotherhood, rationalise nature instead of merely exploiting her bounties, overcome death, resurrect the ancestors and create a united humanity worthy of governing the universe."[11] The sense of urgency for uniting for a common task is a theme that exists in one way or another in the works of all Russian Cosmists.

The Artistic Branch edit

Alexander Scriabin, who was inspired by the Russian Cosmist ideas of his day, sought to unite humanity for a common task much like Fyodorov. He can be regarded as the most representative member of the artistic branch of Russian Cosmism.[12] Scriabin's vision was to use artistic means to achieve Cosmist ends. His artistic vision, which was grounded in philosophy and spirituality, can be most clearly observed in his project Mysterium.

The Scientific Branch edit

In 1881, Russian revolutionary and rocket pioneer Nikolai Kibalchich proposed an idea of pulsed rocket propulsion by combustion of explosives, which was an early precursor for Project Orion.[citation needed]

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (1857–1935) was among the pioneers of theoretical space exploration and cosmonautics. In 1903, Tsiolkovsky published the first serious scientific work on space travel. His work was essentially unknown outside the Russian Empire, but inside the country it inspired further research, experimentation and the formation of the Society for Studies of Interplanetary Spaceflight.[13] Tsiolkovsky wrote a book called "The Will of the Universe; Unknown Intelligent Forces" in which he propounded a philosophy of panpsychism. He believed humans would eventually colonize the Milky Way. His thought preceded the Space Age by several decades, and some of what he foresaw in his imagination has come into being since his death. Tsiolkovsky did not believe in traditional religious cosmology, but instead he believed in a cosmic being that governed humans.[14]

Other Cosmists edit

Alexander Bogdanov (1873-1928) was a Russian and later Soviet physician, philosopher, science fiction writer, and Bolshevik revolutionary. His wide scientific and medical interests ranged from the universal systems theory to the possibility of human rejuvenation through blood transfusion. He saw heterochronic blood transfusions as an alliance of solidarity between the generations, where the old benefited from the rejuvenating effects of the young blood, while the young received immunities from the elders blood. Ironically, he died as a result of a hemolytic transfusion reaction. His successors put Russia in the forefront of the development of centralized national blood transfusion services.[15]

Other cosmists included Vladimir Vernadsky (1863–1945), who developed the notion of noosphere and the question of noosphere's evolution from biosphere, and Alexander Chizhevsky (1897–1964), pioneer of "heliobiology" (study of the sun's effect on biology).[16][17][18] A minor planet, 3113 Chizhevskij, discovered by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh in 1978, is named after him.[19]

The outstanding Russian palaeontologist and sci-fi writer Ivan Yefremov developed the ideas of cosmism and has concluded that the communism is a necessary structure of the future society, which wants to survive in space. The successor of the traditions of Ivan Yefremov was a geologist and sci-fi writer Alexander Shalimov. The astrophysicist Nikolai Aleksandrovich Kozyrev was the discoverer of Lunar tectonic activity (1959) and author of Causal Mechanics/Theory of Time.

Gallery of Russian Cosmists edit

See also edit

Citations edit

  1. ^ Hagemeister M. Rosenthal, Bernice Glatzer (1997). Russian cosmism in the 1920s and today (in Russian). Cornell University Press. ISBN 9780801483318. Retrieved 2019-11-16. / Rosenthal B. G. (ed.) The occult in Russian and Soviet culture.— Cornell University Press, 1997.— 468 p.— p.185—202.— ISBN 0-8014-8331-X, ISBN 978-0-8014-8331-8. (Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series)
  2. ^ a b c . Roerich museum. 2013. Archived from the original on 3 February 2020.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  3. ^ Kovaleva E. A. (2009). "Педагогический совет. Культура здоровья учащихся как фактор здоровьесберегающей среды школы. Слайд 7" [Pedagogical Council. Slide 7 of the presentation "culture of health" to the lessons of physical education on the theme the "Health"]. 900igr.net. from the original on 21 November 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
  4. ^ Berdyaev, Nikolai. "The religion of resuscitative resurrection The "Philosophy of the Common Task" of N. F. Fedorov". berdyaev.com. from the original on 14 October 2018.
  5. ^ Thomas Seifrid, A Companion To Andrei Platonov's The Foundation Pit (Academic Studies Press, 2009: ISBN 1-934843-57-1), pp. 69-70.
  6. ^ Skumin, V. A. (1995). Культура здоровья — фундаментальная наука о человеке. [A Culture of Health as a fundamental human science.] (in Russian). ISBN 5-88167-003-5. from the original on 23 June 2021.
  7. ^ "Концепция Учения" [The Concept Of Doctrine]. kult-zdor.ru. from the original on 27 June 2021.
  8. ^ Гачева, Анастасия. 2019. Русский Космизм в Идеях и Лицах. Москва: Академический проект, 3.
  9. ^ Bezgodov, Aleksandr, and Konstantin Barezhev. 2019. The Origins of Planetary Ethics in the Philosophy of Russian Cosmism. Xlibris, p. 93.
  10. ^ Elisabeth Koutaissoff and Marilyn Minto. "Introduction". In What Was Man Created For? The Philosophy of the Common Task. Lausanne: Honeyglen Publishing/L’Age d’Homme, p. 12.
  11. ^ Elisabeth Koutaissoff and Marilyn Minto. "Introduction". In What Was Man Created For? The Philosophy of the Common Task. Lausanne: Honeyglen Publishing/L’Age d’Homme, p. 18.
  12. ^ Yansori, Ali (2023-12-07). "Alexander Scriabin as a Russian Cosmist". Studies in East European Thought. doi:10.1007/s11212-023-09590-6. ISSN 1573-0948.
  13. ^ Van Riper, A. Bowdoin (29 October 2007). Rockets and Missiles: The Life Story of a Technology. JHU Press. pp. 26–28. ISBN 978-0-8018-8792-5. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
  14. ^ Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin Eduardovich (1928). The Will of the Universe; Unknown Intelligent Forces (in Russian). Kaluga. p. 23. from the original on 19 October 2018.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  15. ^ Huestis, Douglas. (2007). Alexander Bogdanov: The Forgotten Pioneer of Blood Transfusion. Transfusion medicine reviews. 21. 337-40. 10.1016/j.tmrv.2007.05.008.
  16. ^ L. V. Golovanov, Alexander Chizhevsky entry in the Great Russian Encyclopedia, Moscow, 2001 edition. See Google.Translate version of the article from the Russian version of the Encyclopedia.
  17. ^ Soiuz Pisatelei, Soviet literature, Issues 1-6, p 188, Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1982.
  18. ^ James T. Andrews, “Red cosmos: K.E. Tsiolkovskii, grandfather of Soviet rocketry”, Issue 18 Centennial of Flight Series, p 114, Texas A&M University Press, 2009, ISBN 1-60344-168-9, ISBN 978-1-60344-168-1
  19. ^ "3111 Misuzu 1977 - Google Search". www.google.com.

Further reading edit

  • Boczkowska, Kornelia The Impact of American and Russian Cosmism on the Representation of Space Exploration in 20th Century American and Soviet Space Art. Poznan: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2016. The Impact of American and Russian Cosmism on the Representation of Space Exploration in 20th Century American and Soviet Space Art
  • Nikolai Fyodorov: Studien zu Leben, Werk und Wirkung (Nikolai Fyodorov: Studies to His Life, Works and His Influence) :by Michael Hagemeister:(München: Sagner, 1989):ISBN 3-87690-461-7:Originally presented as the author's thesis (doctoral) — Philipps-Universität Marburg, 1989.
  • Michael Hagemeister: "Russian Cosmism in the 1920s and Today". In: Bernice G. Rosenthal (ed.): The Occult in Russian and Soviet Culture (Ithaca, London: Cornell UP, 1997), pp. 185–202.
  • Young, George M. The Russian Cosmists: The Esoteric Futurism of Nikolai Fedorov and His Followers. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012. The Russian Cosmists: The Esoteric Futurism of Nikolai Fedorov and His Followers
  • Frédéric Tremblay: "George M. Young, The Russian Cosmists, Oxford University Press, 2012, x + 280 pp.", Slavonic and East European Review, vol. 94, n. 1, pp. 155–158.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Konstantin Tsiolkovsky.
 
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky
  • R. Djordjevic Russian Cosmism (with the Selective Bibliography) and its Uprising Effect on the Development of Space Research (PDF)
  • Brief overview of Russian philosophy
  • Gallery of Russian Thinkers edited by Dmitry Olshansky
  • Russian philosophy - entry in the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  • Tsiolkovsky's Imperative in the 21st Century Academic paper
  • Virtual Matchbox Labels Museum - Russian labels - Space - Page 2 - Konstantin Tsiolkovsky Historic images
  • Tsiolkovsky from Russianspaceweb.com
  • Excerpts from "The Aims of Astronautics", The Call of the Cosmos
  • Russian Cosmism

Videos edit

  • Pastor Moabel. "Russian Cosmism, Perpetual Generations Abraham's Seed, 500 Quadrillion People". youtube.com. Archived from the original on 2021-12-12. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
  • "Roerich. The Call Of Cosmic Evolution". youtube.com. Archived from the original on 2021-12-12. Retrieved 7 January 2018.

January 01, 1970
russian, cosmism, confused, with, cosmicism, also, cosmism, later, term, philosophical, cultural, movement, that, emerged, russia, turn, 19th, century, again, beginning, 20th, century, beginning, 20th, century, there, burst, scientific, investigation, into, in. Not to be confused with Cosmicism Russian cosmism also cosmism is a later term 1 for philosophical and cultural movement that emerged in Russia at the turn of the 19th century and again at the beginning of the 20th century At the beginning of the 20th century there was a burst of scientific investigation into interplanetary travel largely driven by fiction writers such as Jules Verne and H G Wells as well as philosophical movements like the Russian cosmism An illustration to Tsiolkovsky s educational science fiction story On the Moon 1893 Contents 1 Theory 2 Representatives 2 1 The Philosophical Branch 2 2 The Artistic Branch 2 3 The Scientific Branch 2 4 Other Cosmists 3 Gallery of Russian Cosmists 4 See also 5 Citations 6 Further reading 7 External links 7 1 VideosTheory editThe Culture of Health is the basic science about Spiritual Humanity It studies the perspectives of harmonious development of Spiritual man and Spiritual ethnos as a conscious creator of the State of Light into the territory of the Solar System Victor Skumin 2 3 Cosmism entailed a broad theory of natural philosophy combining elements of religion and ethics with a history and philosophy of the origin evolution and future existence of the cosmos and humankind It combined elements from both Eastern and Western philosophic traditions as well as from the Russian Orthodox Church 4 Cosmism was one of the influences on Proletkult and after the October Revolution the term came to be applied to the poetry of such writers as Mikhail Gerasimov and Vladimir Kirillov emotional paeans to physical labor machines and the collective of industrial workers organized around the image of the universal Proletarian who strides forth from the earth to conquer planets and stars 5 This form of cosmism along with the writings of Nikolai Fyodorov was a strong influence on Andrei Platonov 2 Many ideas of the Russian cosmists were later developed by those in the transhumanist movement 2 Victor Skumin argues that the Culture of Health will play an important role in the creation of a human spiritual society into the Solar System 6 7 Representatives editRussian Cosmism can be divided into two categories scientific and philosophical 8 While the scientific branch is naturalistic the philosophical branch is mystical and metaphysical yet both branches are inherently spiritual This is particularly evident among early Russian Cosmists who followed in the footsteps of spiritual thinkers like Fyodorov and Solovyov For a more nuanced categorization there is often a third category mentioned by scholars the artistic branch 9 The Philosophical Branch edit See also Nikolai Fyodorov philosopher Nikolai Fyodorovich Fyodorov 1828 1903 who is regarded as the father of Russian Cosmism is its most representative figure The major idea associated with Fyodorov is the philosophy of Humankind s Common Task which meant to regulate the forces of nature to defeat death and bring ancestors back to life so that they too would participate in the general resurrection 10 This idea was so central to his philosophy that whatever topic he wrote about Fedorov brought in his main idea of the Common Task how to achieve universal brotherhood rationalise nature instead of merely exploiting her bounties overcome death resurrect the ancestors and create a united humanity worthy of governing the universe 11 The sense of urgency for uniting for a common task is a theme that exists in one way or another in the works of all Russian Cosmists The Artistic Branch edit Alexander Scriabin who was inspired by the Russian Cosmist ideas of his day sought to unite humanity for a common task much like Fyodorov He can be regarded as the most representative member of the artistic branch of Russian Cosmism 12 Scriabin s vision was to use artistic means to achieve Cosmist ends His artistic vision which was grounded in philosophy and spirituality can be most clearly observed in his project Mysterium The Scientific Branch edit In 1881 Russian revolutionary and rocket pioneer Nikolai Kibalchich proposed an idea of pulsed rocket propulsion by combustion of explosives which was an early precursor for Project Orion citation needed Konstantin Tsiolkovsky 1857 1935 was among the pioneers of theoretical space exploration and cosmonautics In 1903 Tsiolkovsky published the first serious scientific work on space travel His work was essentially unknown outside the Russian Empire but inside the country it inspired further research experimentation and the formation of the Society for Studies of Interplanetary Spaceflight 13 Tsiolkovsky wrote a book called The Will of the Universe Unknown Intelligent Forces in which he propounded a philosophy of panpsychism He believed humans would eventually colonize the Milky Way His thought preceded the Space Age by several decades and some of what he foresaw in his imagination has come into being since his death Tsiolkovsky did not believe in traditional religious cosmology but instead he believed in a cosmic being that governed humans 14 Other Cosmists edit Alexander Bogdanov 1873 1928 was a Russian and later Soviet physician philosopher science fiction writer and Bolshevik revolutionary His wide scientific and medical interests ranged from the universal systems theory to the possibility of human rejuvenation through blood transfusion He saw heterochronic blood transfusions as an alliance of solidarity between the generations where the old benefited from the rejuvenating effects of the young blood while the young received immunities from the elders blood Ironically he died as a result of a hemolytic transfusion reaction His successors put Russia in the forefront of the development of centralized national blood transfusion services 15 Other cosmists included Vladimir Vernadsky 1863 1945 who developed the notion of noosphere and the question of noosphere s evolution from biosphere and Alexander Chizhevsky 1897 1964 pioneer of heliobiology study of the sun s effect on biology 16 17 18 A minor planet 3113 Chizhevskij discovered by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh in 1978 is named after him 19 The outstanding Russian palaeontologist and sci fi writer Ivan Yefremov developed the ideas of cosmism and has concluded that the communism is a necessary structure of the future society which wants to survive in space The successor of the traditions of Ivan Yefremov was a geologist and sci fi writer Alexander Shalimov The astrophysicist Nikolai Aleksandrovich Kozyrev was the discoverer of Lunar tectonic activity 1959 and author of Causal Mechanics Theory of Time Gallery of Russian Cosmists edit nbsp Nikolai Fyodorov nbsp Vladimir Solovyov nbsp Alexander Scriabin nbsp Vladimir Vernadsky nbsp Konstantin Tsiolkovsky nbsp Ivan Yefremov nbsp Victor SkuminSee also editAgni Yoga Biosphere Cosmology Philosophy of cosmos New Age Pantheism Proletkult Roerichism Resurrection of the dead Russian Futurism Russian philosophy Science and technology in Russia Sobornost Soviet space program Space colonization Technological resurrectionCitations edit Hagemeister M Rosenthal Bernice Glatzer 1997 Russian cosmism in the 1920s and today in Russian Cornell University Press ISBN 9780801483318 Retrieved 2019 11 16 Rosenthal B G ed The occult in Russian and Soviet culture Cornell University Press 1997 468 p p 185 202 ISBN 0 8014 8331 X ISBN 978 0 8014 8331 8 Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series a b c Art works by Russian cosmism painter XX XXI ct Catalogue of exhibition 2013 Roerich museum 2013 Archived from the original on 3 February 2020 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint unfit URL link Kovaleva E A 2009 Pedagogicheskij sovet Kultura zdorovya uchashihsya kak faktor zdorovesberegayushej sredy shkoly Slajd 7 Pedagogical Council Slide 7 of the presentation culture of health to the lessons of physical education on the theme the Health 900igr net Archived from the original on 21 November 2021 Retrieved 27 December 2021 Berdyaev Nikolai The religion of resuscitative resurrection The Philosophy of the Common Task of N F Fedorov berdyaev com Archived from the original on 14 October 2018 Thomas Seifrid A Companion To Andrei Platonov s The Foundation Pit Academic Studies Press 2009 ISBN 1 934843 57 1 pp 69 70 Skumin V A 1995 Kultura zdorovya fundamentalnaya nauka o cheloveke A Culture of Health as a fundamental human science in Russian ISBN 5 88167 003 5 Archived from the original on 23 June 2021 Koncepciya Ucheniya The Concept Of Doctrine kult zdor ru Archived from the original on 27 June 2021 Gacheva Anastasiya 2019 Russkij Kosmizm v Ideyah i Licah Moskva Akademicheskij proekt 3 Bezgodov Aleksandr and Konstantin Barezhev 2019 The Origins of Planetary Ethics in the Philosophy of Russian Cosmism Xlibris p 93 Elisabeth Koutaissoff and Marilyn Minto Introduction In What Was Man Created For The Philosophy of the Common Task Lausanne Honeyglen Publishing L Age d Homme p 12 Elisabeth Koutaissoff and Marilyn Minto Introduction In What Was Man Created For The Philosophy of the Common Task Lausanne Honeyglen Publishing L Age d Homme p 18 Yansori Ali 2023 12 07 Alexander Scriabin as a Russian Cosmist Studies in East European Thought doi 10 1007 s11212 023 09590 6 ISSN 1573 0948 Van Riper A Bowdoin 29 October 2007 Rockets and Missiles The Life Story of a Technology JHU Press pp 26 28 ISBN 978 0 8018 8792 5 Retrieved 13 October 2018 Tsiolkovsky Konstantin Eduardovich 1928 The Will of the Universe Unknown Intelligent Forces in Russian Kaluga p 23 Archived from the original on 19 October 2018 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Huestis Douglas 2007 Alexander Bogdanov The Forgotten Pioneer of Blood Transfusion Transfusion medicine reviews 21 337 40 10 1016 j tmrv 2007 05 008 L V Golovanov Alexander Chizhevsky entry in the Great Russian Encyclopedia Moscow 2001 edition See Google Translate version of the article from the Russian version of the Encyclopedia Soiuz Pisatelei Soviet literature Issues 1 6 p 188 Foreign Languages Publishing House 1982 James T Andrews Red cosmos K E Tsiolkovskii grandfather of Soviet rocketry Issue 18 Centennial of Flight Series p 114 Texas A amp M University Press 2009 ISBN 1 60344 168 9 ISBN 978 1 60344 168 1 3111 Misuzu 1977 Google Search www google com Further reading editBoczkowska Kornelia The Impact of American and Russian Cosmism on the Representation of Space Exploration in 20th Century American and Soviet Space Art Poznan Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM 2016 The Impact of American and Russian Cosmism on the Representation of Space Exploration in 20th Century American and Soviet Space Art Nikolai Fyodorov Studien zu Leben Werk und Wirkung Nikolai Fyodorov Studies to His Life Works and His Influence by Michael Hagemeister Munchen Sagner 1989 ISBN 3 87690 461 7 Originally presented as the author s thesis doctoral Philipps Universitat Marburg 1989 Michael Hagemeister Russian Cosmism in the 1920s and Today In Bernice G Rosenthal ed The Occult in Russian and Soviet Culture Ithaca London Cornell UP 1997 pp 185 202 Young George M The Russian Cosmists The Esoteric Futurism of Nikolai Fedorov and His Followers New York Oxford University Press 2012 The Russian Cosmists The Esoteric Futurism of Nikolai Fedorov and His Followers Frederic Tremblay George M Young The Russian Cosmists Oxford University Press 2012 x 280 pp Slavonic and East European Review vol 94 n 1 pp 155 158 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Konstantin Tsiolkovsky nbsp Wikisource has original text related to this article Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky R Djordjevic Russian Cosmism with the Selective Bibliography and its Uprising Effect on the Development of Space Research PDF Brief overview of Russian philosophy PHILTAR Comprehensive web site with links to texts and resources Gallery of Russian Thinkers edited by Dmitry Olshansky Russian philosophy entry in the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy Directory of links to Russian philosophers mostly in Russian Tsiolkovsky s Imperative in the 21st Century Academic paper Virtual Matchbox Labels Museum Russian labels Space Page 2 Konstantin Tsiolkovsky Historic images Tsiolkovsky from Russianspaceweb com Spaceflight or Extinction Konstantin Tsiolkovsky Excerpts from The Aims of Astronautics The Call of the Cosmos The Foundations of the Space Age Russian Cosmism Videos edit Pastor Moabel Russian Cosmism Perpetual Generations Abraham s Seed 500 Quadrillion People youtube com Archived from the original on 2021 12 12 Retrieved 26 September 2019 Roerich The Call Of Cosmic Evolution youtube com Archived from the original on 2021 12 12 Retrieved 7 January 2018 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Russian cosmism amp oldid 1219964884, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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