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Rugoconites

January 01, 1970

Rugoconites is a genus of Ediacaran biota found as fossils in the form of a circular or oval-like impression preserved in high relief, six or more centimeters in diameter. The fossils are surrounded by frills that have been interpreted (Wade 1972) as sets of tentacles. The bifurcating radial ribs, spreading from a central dome, serve to distinguish this genus from the sponge Palaeophragmodictya, and may represent the channels of the gastrovascular system.[1] Fossils of Rugoconites have been interpreted as early sponges,[2] although this is countered by Sepkoski et al. (2002), who interpreted the organism as a free-swimming jellyfish-like cnidarian; similar to Ovatoscutum.[3] However, the fossil is consistently preserved as a neat circular form and its general morphology does not vary, therefore a benthic and perhaps slow-moving or sessile lifestyle is more likely. Ivantstov & Fedonkin (2002), suggest that Rugoconites may possess tri-radial symmetry and be a member of the Trilobozoa.[4]

Rugoconites
Temporal range: Cryogenian - Ediacaran 670–550 Ma
Reconstruction of Rugoconites, an extinct organism
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: †Trilobozoa
Genus: †Rugoconites
Glaessner & Wade 1966
Species
  • R. enigmaticus (type) Glaessner & Wade 1966
  • R. reguibatensis Hachour et al., 2023
  • R. tenuirugosus Wade, 1972
Synonyms
  • Lorenzinites Glaessner & Wade, 1966
  • Wadea Jenkins, 1992

Rugoconites have been reported in clusters; this may represent a social/colonial way of life, or simply accumulation by the action of currents, sea-floor processes, or possibly preservational conditions.[5]

The Rugoconites genus may contain two species: Rugoconites enigmaticus and Rugoconites tenuirugosus, the latter being less dome-shaped and having smaller and more numerous radial ridges than the former.[6] However, due to the dubious nature of R. tenuirugosus, its taxonomy is still unclear, and it has been suggested that a new genus named Wadea should be erected for ''R." tenuirugosus.[7]

In 1966, Martin Glaessner along with Mary Wade unearthed the external mould of a form which possessed a small central disc that had eleven radiating lobes from its centre that they named Lorenzinites rarus.[8] This form was also compared to the top of some Rugoconites specimens.[8] The fossil of Lorenzinites rarus was, however, reconsidered to be a Rugoconites enigmaticus specimen despite his original observations and placed it along with the genus in the synonymy of Rugoconites.[9] The genus was then forgotten about and needs further examination.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Fedonkin, M. A.; Cope, J. C. W.; Whittington, Harry Blackmore; Conway Morris, S. (1985-10-17). "Precambrian metazoans: the problems of preservation, systematics and evolution". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences. 311 (1148): 27–45. Bibcode:1985RSPTB.311...27F. doi:10.1098/rstb.1985.0136. S2CID 84598490.
  2. ^ Gehling, James G.; Rigby, J. Keith (March 1996). "Long expected sponges from the Neoproterozoic Ediacara fauna of South Australia". Journal of Paleontology. 70 (2): 185–195. Bibcode:1996JPal...70..185G. doi:10.1017/S0022336000023283. ISSN 0022-3360. S2CID 130802211.
  3. ^ Sepkoski, J.J.; Jablonski, D. (2002). ""A Compendium of Fossil Marine Animal Genera"". Bulletins of American Paleontology.
  4. ^ Ivantsov, Andrei Yu; Fedonkin, Mikhail A. (2002). "Conulariid–like fossil from the Vendian of Russia: a metazoan clade across the Proterozoic/Palaeozoic boundary". Palaeontology. 45 (6): 1219–1229. Bibcode:2002Palgy..45.1219I. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00283. ISSN 1475-4983. S2CID 128620276.
  5. ^ Boan, Phillip C.; Evans, Scott D.; Hall, Christine M. S.; Droser, Mary L. (2023-03-13). "Spatial distributions of Tribrachidium, Rugoconites, and Obamus from the Ediacara Member (Rawnsley Quartzite), South Australia". Paleobiology: 1–20. doi:10.1017/pab.2023.9. ISSN 0094-8373. S2CID 257521294.
  6. ^ "Rugoconites". Ediacaran.org.
  7. ^ Lipps, Jere H.; Signor, Philip W. (2013-11-21). Origin and Early Evolution of the Metazoa. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4899-2427-8.
  8. ^ a b "The Late Precambrian fossils from Ediacara, South Australia | the Palaeontological Association".
  9. ^ The Dawn of Animal Life: A Biohistorical Study. CUP Archive. 20 June 1985. ISBN 9780521312165.
  • "The Paleobiology database". Retrieved 2007-08-13.
  • Droser, M.L. (2007). . 2007 GSA Denver Annual Meeting. Archived from the original on 2011-06-08. Retrieved 2007-08-13.
  • Fedonkin, M.A.; Cope, J.C.W. (1985). "Precambrian Metazoans: The Problems of Preservation, Systematics and Evolution [and Discussion]". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 311 (1148): 27–45. Bibcode:1985RSPTB.311...27F. doi:10.1098/rstb.1985.0136. JSTOR 2396968.
  • Gehling, J.G.; Rigby, J.K. (1996-03-01). "Long expected sponges from the Neoproterozoic Ediacara fauna of South Australia". Journal of Paleontology. 70 (2): 185–195. Bibcode:1996JPal...70..185G. doi:10.1017/S0022336000023283. S2CID 130802211. Retrieved 2007-08-13.
  • Ivantstov, A.Y.; Fedonkin, M.A. (2002). "Conulariid-like Fossil From The Vendian Of Russia: A Metazoan Clade Across The Proterozoic/palaeozoic Boundary". Palaeontology. 45 (6): 1219–1229. Bibcode:2002Palgy..45.1219I. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00283.
  • Sepkoski, J.J.; Jablonski, D.; Foote, M. (2002). "A Compendium of Fossil Marine Animal Genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology (serial monograph). 363 (1). Paleontological Research Institution: 560.
  • Waggoner, B.M. (1995). "Ediacaran Lichens: A Critique". Paleobiology. 21 (3): 393–397. Bibcode:1995Pbio...21..393W. doi:10.1017/s0094837300013373. JSTOR 2401174. S2CID 82550765.

External links edit

January 01, 1970
rugoconites, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, january, 2022, learn, when, remove, this, message, genus, ediacar. This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations January 2022 Learn how and when to remove this message Rugoconites is a genus of Ediacaran biota found as fossils in the form of a circular or oval like impression preserved in high relief six or more centimeters in diameter The fossils are surrounded by frills that have been interpreted Wade 1972 as sets of tentacles The bifurcating radial ribs spreading from a central dome serve to distinguish this genus from the sponge Palaeophragmodictya and may represent the channels of the gastrovascular system 1 Fossils of Rugoconites have been interpreted as early sponges 2 although this is countered by Sepkoski et al 2002 who interpreted the organism as a free swimming jellyfish like cnidarian similar to Ovatoscutum 3 However the fossil is consistently preserved as a neat circular form and its general morphology does not vary therefore a benthic and perhaps slow moving or sessile lifestyle is more likely Ivantstov amp Fedonkin 2002 suggest that Rugoconites may possess tri radial symmetry and be a member of the Trilobozoa 4 RugoconitesTemporal range Cryogenian Ediacaran 670 550 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Reconstruction of Rugoconites an extinct organism Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Trilobozoa Genus RugoconitesGlaessner amp Wade 1966 Species R enigmaticus type Glaessner amp Wade 1966 R reguibatensis Hachour et al 2023 R tenuirugosus Wade 1972 Synonyms Lorenzinites Glaessner amp Wade 1966 Wadea Jenkins 1992 Rugoconites have been reported in clusters this may represent a social colonial way of life or simply accumulation by the action of currents sea floor processes or possibly preservational conditions 5 The Rugoconites genus may contain two species Rugoconites enigmaticus and Rugoconites tenuirugosus the latter being less dome shaped and having smaller and more numerous radial ridges than the former 6 However due to the dubious nature of R tenuirugosus its taxonomy is still unclear and it has been suggested that a new genus named Wadea should be erected for R tenuirugosus 7 In 1966 Martin Glaessner along with Mary Wade unearthed the external mould of a form which possessed a small central disc that had eleven radiating lobes from its centre that they named Lorenzinites rarus 8 This form was also compared to the top of some Rugoconites specimens 8 The fossil of Lorenzinites rarus was however reconsidered to be a Rugoconites enigmaticus specimen despite his original observations and placed it along with the genus in the synonymy of Rugoconites 9 The genus was then forgotten about and needs further examination See also editList of Ediacaran genera TrilobozoaReferences edit Fedonkin M A Cope J C W Whittington Harry Blackmore Conway Morris S 1985 10 17 Precambrian metazoans the problems of preservation systematics and evolution Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B Biological Sciences 311 1148 27 45 Bibcode 1985RSPTB 311 27F doi 10 1098 rstb 1985 0136 S2CID 84598490 Gehling James G Rigby J Keith March 1996 Long expected sponges from the Neoproterozoic Ediacara fauna of South Australia Journal of Paleontology 70 2 185 195 Bibcode 1996JPal 70 185G doi 10 1017 S0022336000023283 ISSN 0022 3360 S2CID 130802211 Sepkoski J J Jablonski D 2002 A Compendium of Fossil Marine Animal Genera Bulletins of American Paleontology Ivantsov Andrei Yu Fedonkin Mikhail A 2002 Conulariid like fossil from the Vendian of Russia a metazoan clade across the Proterozoic Palaeozoic boundary Palaeontology 45 6 1219 1229 Bibcode 2002Palgy 45 1219I doi 10 1111 1475 4983 00283 ISSN 1475 4983 S2CID 128620276 Boan Phillip C Evans Scott D Hall Christine M S Droser Mary L 2023 03 13 Spatial distributions of Tribrachidium Rugoconites and Obamus from the Ediacara Member Rawnsley Quartzite South Australia Paleobiology 1 20 doi 10 1017 pab 2023 9 ISSN 0094 8373 S2CID 257521294 Rugoconites Ediacaran org Lipps Jere H Signor Philip W 2013 11 21 Origin and Early Evolution of the Metazoa Springer Science amp Business Media ISBN 978 1 4899 2427 8 a b The Late Precambrian fossils from Ediacara South Australia the Palaeontological Association The Dawn of Animal Life A Biohistorical Study CUP Archive 20 June 1985 ISBN 9780521312165 The Paleobiology database Retrieved 2007 08 13 Droser M L 2007 Anchors Away Anatomy Of An Ediacaran Sea Floor Dominated By Parvancorina 2007 GSA Denver Annual Meeting Archived from the original on 2011 06 08 Retrieved 2007 08 13 Fedonkin M A Cope J C W 1985 Precambrian Metazoans The Problems of Preservation Systematics and Evolution and Discussion Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences 311 1148 27 45 Bibcode 1985RSPTB 311 27F doi 10 1098 rstb 1985 0136 JSTOR 2396968 Gehling J G Rigby J K 1996 03 01 Long expected sponges from the Neoproterozoic Ediacara fauna of South Australia Journal of Paleontology 70 2 185 195 Bibcode 1996JPal 70 185G doi 10 1017 S0022336000023283 S2CID 130802211 Retrieved 2007 08 13 Ivantstov A Y Fedonkin M A 2002 Conulariid like Fossil From The Vendian Of Russia A Metazoan Clade Across The Proterozoic palaeozoic Boundary Palaeontology 45 6 1219 1229 Bibcode 2002Palgy 45 1219I doi 10 1111 1475 4983 00283 Sepkoski J J Jablonski D Foote M 2002 A Compendium of Fossil Marine Animal Genera Bulletins of American Paleontology serial monograph 363 1 Paleontological Research Institution 560 Waggoner B M 1995 Ediacaran Lichens A Critique Paleobiology 21 3 393 397 Bibcode 1995Pbio 21 393W doi 10 1017 s0094837300013373 JSTOR 2401174 S2CID 82550765 External links edithttp www yuzonakano secretmemory com life3 c html contains a low quality image Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Rugoconites amp oldid 1213043645, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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