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Wikipedia

Mass media in Liberia

January 02, 2023

Mass media in Liberia include the press, radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet.

A Cellcom Liberia antenna in Monrovia (2009).

Much of Liberia's communications infrastructure was destroyed or plundered during the two civil wars (1989-1996 and 1999-2003).[1] With low rates of adult literacy and high poverty rates, television and newspaper use is limited, leaving radio as the predominant means of communicating with the public.[2]

Even as it struggles with economic and political constraints, Liberia's media environment is expanding. The number of registered newspapers and radio stations (many of them community stations) is on the rise despite limited market potential. And politically critical content and investigative pieces do get published or broadcast.[3]

Press

The main newspapers are:[4]

Defunct newspapers and magazines include:[11]

  • Africa League
  • African Nationalist[12]
  • Africa's Luminary (est. 1839)
  • Amulet (est. 1839)
  • Daily Listener (est. 1950)
  • Footprints Today (est. 1984)
  • The Friend
  • Independent Weekly
  • Journal of Commerce and Industry
  • Liberia and West Africa (ceased in 1932)
  • Liberia Herald (est. 1826)[13]
  • Liberian Age (est. 1946)
  • Liberian Herald
  • Liberian News[12]
  • Liberian Recorder (est. 1897)
  • Liberian Star (est. 1839)
  • Monrovia Observer (est. 1878)
  • Palm Magazine
  • SunTimes
  • Weekly Mirror[12]
  • Whirlwind[12]


Radio

Main article: List of radio stations in Liberia

Television

Telephones

 
The Comium mobile phone building (2006).
See also: Telephone numbers in Liberia

The fixed line infrastructure of Liberia was nearly completely destroyed during the civil wars (1989-1996 and 1999-2003).[1]

Prior to the passage of the Telecommunications Act of 2007, the state-owned Liberia Telecommunications Corporation (LIBTELCO) held a legal monopoly for all fixed line services in Liberia, and remains the sole licensed fixed line telephone service provider in the country.[21]

Two licensed GSM cellular mobile service providers operate in the country: Lonestar Cell and CellCom. Approximately 45% of the population has cell phone service.[1]

Internet

Notable commercial websites

While Liberia's commercial internet sector is still behind the majority of African countries there are still a few classifieds sites:[citation needed]

    Internet censorship and surveillance

    There are no government restrictions on access to the Internet or reports that the government monitors e-mail or Internet chat rooms.[28]

    The constitution provides for freedom of speech and press, and the government generally respects these rights in practice. Libel and national security laws place some limits on freedom of speech. Individuals can generally criticize the government publicly or privately without reprisal. Some journalists practice self-censorship. The constitution prohibits arbitrary interference with privacy, family, home, or correspondence, and the government generally respects these prohibitions in practice.[28]

    President Sirleaf endorsed and signed the World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers' Declaration of Table Mountain in Monrovia on 21 July 2012, committing to the core principles of a free press and calling for the repeal of the criminal defamation and insult laws regularly used against journalists.[28]

    See also

    References

    •   This article incorporates public domain material from World Factbook (2022 ed.). CIA. (Archived 2014 edition)
    •   This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Department of State.
    1. ^ a b c "PPIAF Supports Telecommunications Reform and Liberalization in Liberia" (PDF). Public-Private Infrastructure Facility (PPIAF). July 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
    2. ^ "Introduction to Communication and Development in Liberia" 2014-03-07 at the Wayback Machine, AudienceScapes. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
    3. ^ "Media Environment and Regulation in Liberia" 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine, AudienceScapes. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
    4. ^ "Liberia Newspapers and News on the Internet", Africa South of the Sahara, Stanford University Libraries. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
    5. ^ a b c d e "Liberia: LMC Extols Media Institutions", The NEWS, 16 September 2008, AllAfrica. (subscription required)
    6. ^ a b c "Liberia: Media and Publishing". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
    7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Liberia profile", BBC News, 14 March 2012.
    8. ^ Lydia Polgreen (4 August 2006). "All the News That Fits: Liberia's Blackboard Headlines". The New York Times.
    9. ^ a b "Media regulator recommends support for local media coverage of truth commission", BBC Monitoring Africa, 27 June 2008.
    10. ^ Alphonso been in the profession for over twenty years. He has worked for many international media outlets  including: West Africa Magazine, Africa Week Magazine, African Observer and  did occasional reporting for CNN, BBC World Service, Sunday Times, NPR, Radio Deutchewells, Radio Netherlands. He is the current correspondent for Reuters. Mr. Toweh holds first MA with honors in International  Relations and a  candidate for second master in International Peace studies and Conflict  Resolution. (subscription required)
    11. ^ Falola 2015.
    12. ^ a b c d Newspaper & Current Periodical Room. "Liberia". 19th and 20th Century Foreign Newspapers in Original Format: Inventory. Washington DC: U.S. Library of Congress. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
    13. ^ D. Elwood Dunn; et al. (2001). Historical Dictionary of Liberia (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-1-4616-5931-0.
    14. ^ "Most Used Media Outlets in Liberia" 2014-02-21 at the Wayback Machine, AudienceScapes. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
    15. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Communications: Liberia", World Factbook, U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 28 January 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
    16. ^ a b "Liberia: Radio Station Websites", Radio Station World. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
    17. ^ "Liberia: Press Union names Star Radio as radio station of year", BBC Monitoring Africa, 30 July 2008.
    18. ^ "Firestone launches radio station 89.5 FM". The Informer. AllAfrica. 3 March 2010. Retrieved 9 March 2010. (subscription required)
    19. ^ Dialing Procedures (International Prefix, National (Trunk) Prefix and National (Significant) Number) (in Accordance with ITY-T Recommendation E.164 (11/2010)), Annex to ITU Operational Bulletin No. 994-15.XII.2011, International Telecommunication Union (ITU, Geneva), 15 December 2011. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
    20. ^ "ACE: Africa Coast to Europe", Orange SA. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
    21. ^ "About Us" 2014-02-22 at the Wayback Machine, Liberia Telecommunications Corporation. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
    22. ^ a b Calculated using penetration rate and population data from "Countries and Areas Ranked by Population: 2012" 2017-03-29 at the Wayback Machine, Population data, International Programs, U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 26 June 2013.
    23. ^ "Percentage of Individuals using the Internet 2000-2012", International Telecommunication Union (Geneva), June 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
    24. ^ "Fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2012", Dynamic Report, ITU ITC EYE, International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved on 29 June 2013.
    25. ^ "Active mobile-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2012", Dynamic Report, ITU ITC EYE, International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved on 29 June 2013.
    26. ^ Select Formats 2009-05-13 at the Wayback Machine, Country IP Blocks. Accessed on 2 April 2012. Note: Site is said to be updated daily.
    27. ^ , The World Factbook, United States Central Intelligence Agency. Accessed on 2 April 2012. Note: Data are mostly for 1 July 2012.
    28. ^ a b c "Liberia", Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2012, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 25 March 2013. Retrieved 7 February 2014.

    Bibliography

    • Frederick Starr (1913). "Periodicals of Liberia". Liberia: description, history, problems. Chicago. pp. 29–31. ISBN 9780598450234.
    • Henry B. Cole (1971). "Press in Liberia". Liberian Studies Journal. United States. 4. ISSN 0024-1989.
    • D.E.S. Kandakai (1988). "Role of Research in Development Communication at the Liberian Rural Communications Network". Africa Media Review. 3 (1) – via Michigan State University Libraries, African e-Journals Project.  
    • C. William Allen (1990). "Soaring Above the Cloud of Mediocrity: The Challenges of the Liberian Press in the Nineties". Liberian Studies Journal. United States. 15. ISSN 0024-1989.
    • Lamini A. Waritay (1990). "Problems and Possibilities for the Formulation of a Comprehensive Communication Policy for Liberia". Africa Media Review. 4 (2) – via Michigan State University Libraries, African e-Journals Project.  
    • Momo K. Rogers (1996). "Liberian Press Under Military Rule". Liberian Studies Journal. United States. 21. ISSN 0024-1989.
    • S. S. Deddeh (2000). "Pushing for Press Freedom in Liberia". Journal of Democracy. 11 (2): 159–168. doi:10.1353/jod.2000.0033. S2CID 154493794.
    • "Liberia: Directory: the Press". Africa South of the Sahara 2003. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2003. p. 586. ISBN 9781857431315. ISSN 0065-3896. (Includes information about broadcast media)
    • Carl Patrick Burrowes (2004). Power And Press Freedom In Liberia, 1830-1970: The Impact Of Globalization And Civil Society On Media-government Relations. Trenton, NJ, and Asmara, Eritrea: Africa World Press. ISBN 978-1-59221-294-1.
    • Toyin Falola; Daniel Jean-Jacques, eds. (2015). "Liberia: Media". Africa: an Encyclopedia of Culture and Society. ABC-CLIO. pp. 687+. ISBN 978-1-59884-666-9.
    • "Liberia", Freedom of the Press, United States: Freedom House, 2016, OCLC 57509361

    External links

    • Liberia Domain Registration (.lr)
    • Karen Fung, African Studies Association (ed.). "News (by country): Liberia". Africa South of the Sahara. United States – via Stanford University. Annotated directory
    • "Newspapers Held in Microform: Liberia" (PDF). Cooperative Africana Materials Project. United States: Center for Research Libraries. 2012.

    January 02, 2023
    mass, media, liberia, include, press, radio, television, fixed, mobile, telephones, internet, cellcom, liberia, antenna, monrovia, 2009, much, liberia, communications, infrastructure, destroyed, plundered, during, civil, wars, 1989, 1996, 1999, 2003, with, rat. Mass media in Liberia include the press radio television fixed and mobile telephones and the Internet A Cellcom Liberia antenna in Monrovia 2009 Much of Liberia s communications infrastructure was destroyed or plundered during the two civil wars 1989 1996 and 1999 2003 1 With low rates of adult literacy and high poverty rates television and newspaper use is limited leaving radio as the predominant means of communicating with the public 2 Even as it struggles with economic and political constraints Liberia s media environment is expanding The number of registered newspapers and radio stations many of them community stations is on the rise despite limited market potential And politically critical content and investigative pieces do get published or broadcast 3 Contents 1 Press 2 Radio 3 Television 4 Telephones 5 Internet 5 1 Notable commercial websites 5 2 Internet censorship and surveillance 6 See also 7 References 8 Bibliography 9 External linksPress EditThe main newspapers are 4 The Analyst 5 6 Pumah Times Newspaper Daily Observer est 1981 private 5 7 6 The Daily Talk 8 FrontPage Africa private 7 The Inquirer private daily 7 National Chronicle 9 The New Dawn private daily 7 New Democrat 5 New Republic Liberia 10 Defunct newspapers and magazines include 11 Africa League African Nationalist 12 Africa s Luminary est 1839 Amulet est 1839 Daily Listener est 1950 Footprints Today est 1984 The Friend Independent Weekly Journal of Commerce and Industry Liberia and West Africa ceased in 1932 Liberia Herald est 1826 13 Liberian Age est 1946 Liberian Herald Liberian News 12 Liberian Recorder est 1897 Liberian Star est 1839 Monrovia Observer est 1878 Palm Magazine SunTimes Weekly Mirror 12 Whirlwind 12 Radio EditMain article List of radio stations in Liberia Radios 790 000 radio receivers 1997 needs update Radio stations 1 state owned radio station but no national public service broadcaster 14 about 15 independent radio stations broadcasting in Monrovia with another 25 local stations operating in other areas transmissions of 2 international broadcasters are available 2007 15 BBC World Service 103 FM 7 ELBC FM public 16 ELWA FM and SW private religious Christian 7 Pumah FM 106 3 LUX 106 6 FM University of Liberia Radio Liberia FM operated by the state run Liberian Broadcasting System LBS 7 6 Radio Veritas FM and SW religious Catholic 9 RFI English FM the English service of Radio France Internationale 16 Sky FM 7 STAR Radio FM and SW operated in partnership with Swiss based Hirondelle Foundation 5 7 17 Truth FM 5 UNMIL Radio FM operated by the United Nations mission 7 Voice of Firestone Liberia 89 5 FM 18 Television EditTelevision sets 70 000 sets 1997 needs update Pumah TV Channel 4 Television stations 4 private TV stations none with national reach 7 satellite TV service available 2007 15 Clar TV private 7 DC TV private 7 Power TV private 7 Real TV private 7 Liberia Broadcasting System Government owned Liberia National Television LNTV Telephones Edit The Comium mobile phone building 2006 See also Telephone numbers in Liberia Calling code 231 citation needed International call prefix 00 19 Main lines 3 200 lines in use 213th in the world 2011 15 Mobile cellular 2 4 million lines 138th in the world 2012 15 Telephone system the limited services available are found almost exclusively in the capital Monrovia fixed line service stagnant and extremely limited telephone coverage extended to a number of other towns and rural areas by four mobile cellular network operators mobile cellular subscription base growing and teledensity reached 50 per 100 persons 2011 15 Satellite earth stations 1 Intelsat Atlantic Ocean 2010 15 Communications cables Africa Coast to Europe ACE cable system links countries along the west coast of Africa to each other and on to Portugal and France 20 The fixed line infrastructure of Liberia was nearly completely destroyed during the civil wars 1989 1996 and 1999 2003 1 Prior to the passage of the Telecommunications Act of 2007 the state owned Liberia Telecommunications Corporation LIBTELCO held a legal monopoly for all fixed line services in Liberia and remains the sole licensed fixed line telephone service provider in the country 21 Two licensed GSM cellular mobile service providers operate in the country Lonestar Cell and CellCom Approximately 45 of the population has cell phone service 1 Internet EditTop level domain lr 15 Internet users 317 717 users 7 3 of the population 158th in the world 2016 est 22 23 20 000 users 194th in the world 2009 15 Fixed broadband 78 subscriptions 193rd in the world less than 0 05 of the population 192nd in the world 2012 22 24 Wireless broadband Unknown 2012 25 Internet hosts 7 hosts 228th in the world 2012 15 IPv4 13 312 addresses allocated less than 0 05 of the world total 3 4 addresses per 1000 people 2012 26 27 Notable commercial websites Edit While Liberia s commercial internet sector is still behind the majority of African countries there are still a few classifieds sites citation needed liberiacommerce comInternet censorship and surveillance Edit There are no government restrictions on access to the Internet or reports that the government monitors e mail or Internet chat rooms 28 The constitution provides for freedom of speech and press and the government generally respects these rights in practice Libel and national security laws place some limits on freedom of speech Individuals can generally criticize the government publicly or privately without reprisal Some journalists practice self censorship The constitution prohibits arbitrary interference with privacy family home or correspondence and the government generally respects these prohibitions in practice 28 President Sirleaf endorsed and signed the World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers Declaration of Table Mountain in Monrovia on 21 July 2012 committing to the core principles of a free press and calling for the repeal of the criminal defamation and insult laws regularly used against journalists 28 See also EditLiberia Telecommunications Corporation the sole provider of fixed line telephone services in Liberia Cable Consortium of Liberia a public private partnership formed in 2010 to own and operate Liberia s cable landing point for the ACE cable system The Liberian Journal a US based Liberian online and print news organization covering issues of interest to Liberians in the Diaspora Cinema of LiberiaReferences Edit This article incorporates public domain material from World Factbook 2022 ed CIA Archived 2014 edition This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Department of State a b c PPIAF Supports Telecommunications Reform and Liberalization in Liberia PDF Public Private Infrastructure Facility PPIAF July 2011 Retrieved 3 September 2011 Introduction to Communication and Development in Liberia Archived 2014 03 07 at the Wayback Machine AudienceScapes Retrieved 8 February 2014 Media Environment and Regulation in Liberia Archived 2016 03 04 at the Wayback Machine AudienceScapes Retrieved 8 February 2014 Liberia Newspapers and News on the Internet Africa South of the Sahara Stanford University Libraries Retrieved 8 February 2014 a b c d e Liberia LMC Extols Media Institutions The NEWS 16 September 2008 AllAfrica subscription required a b c Liberia Media and Publishing Encyclopaedia Britannica Retrieved 21 August 2017 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Liberia profile BBC News 14 March 2012 Lydia Polgreen 4 August 2006 All the News That Fits Liberia s Blackboard Headlines The New York Times a b Media regulator recommends support for local media coverage of truth commission BBC Monitoring Africa 27 June 2008 Alphonso been in the profession for over twenty years He has worked for many international media outlets including West Africa Magazine Africa Week Magazine African Observer and did occasional reporting for CNN BBC World Service Sunday Times NPR Radio Deutchewells Radio Netherlands He is the current correspondent for Reuters Mr Toweh holds first MA with honors in International Relations and a candidate for second master in International Peace studies and Conflict Resolution subscription required Falola 2015 a b c d Newspaper amp Current Periodical Room Liberia 19th and 20th Century Foreign Newspapers in Original Format Inventory Washington DC U S Library of Congress Retrieved 22 August 2017 D Elwood Dunn et al 2001 Historical Dictionary of Liberia 2nd ed Scarecrow Press ISBN 978 1 4616 5931 0 Most Used Media Outlets in Liberia Archived 2014 02 21 at the Wayback Machine AudienceScapes Retrieved 8 February 2014 a b c d e f g h i Communications Liberia World Factbook U S Central Intelligence Agency 28 January 2014 Retrieved 7 February 2014 a b Liberia Radio Station Websites Radio Station World Retrieved 8 February 2014 Liberia Press Union names Star Radio as radio station of year BBC Monitoring Africa 30 July 2008 Firestone launches radio station 89 5 FM The Informer AllAfrica 3 March 2010 Retrieved 9 March 2010 subscription required Dialing Procedures International Prefix National Trunk Prefix and National Significant Number in Accordance with ITY T Recommendation E 164 11 2010 Annex to ITU Operational Bulletin No 994 15 XII 2011 International Telecommunication Union ITU Geneva 15 December 2011 Retrieved 2 January 2014 ACE Africa Coast to Europe Orange SA Retrieved 8 February 2014 About Us Archived 2014 02 22 at the Wayback Machine Liberia Telecommunications Corporation Retrieved 7 February 2014 a b Calculated using penetration rate and population data from Countries and Areas Ranked by Population 2012 Archived 2017 03 29 at the Wayback Machine Population data International Programs U S Census Bureau Retrieved 26 June 2013 Percentage of Individuals using the Internet 2000 2012 International Telecommunication Union Geneva June 2013 Retrieved 22 June 2013 Fixed wired broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2012 Dynamic Report ITU ITC EYE International Telecommunication Union Retrieved on 29 June 2013 Active mobile broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2012 Dynamic Report ITU ITC EYE International Telecommunication Union Retrieved on 29 June 2013 Select Formats Archived 2009 05 13 at the Wayback Machine Country IP Blocks Accessed on 2 April 2012 Note Site is said to be updated daily Population The World Factbook United States Central Intelligence Agency Accessed on 2 April 2012 Note Data are mostly for 1 July 2012 a b c Liberia Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2012 Bureau of Democracy Human Rights and Labor U S Department of State 25 March 2013 Retrieved 7 February 2014 Bibliography EditFrederick Starr 1913 Periodicals of Liberia Liberia description history problems Chicago pp 29 31 ISBN 9780598450234 Henry B Cole 1971 Press in Liberia Liberian Studies Journal United States 4 ISSN 0024 1989 D E S Kandakai 1988 Role of Research in Development Communication at the Liberian Rural Communications Network Africa Media Review 3 1 via Michigan State University Libraries African e Journals Project C William Allen 1990 Soaring Above the Cloud of Mediocrity The Challenges of the Liberian Press in the Nineties Liberian Studies Journal United States 15 ISSN 0024 1989 Lamini A Waritay 1990 Problems and Possibilities for the Formulation of a Comprehensive Communication Policy for Liberia Africa Media Review 4 2 via Michigan State University Libraries African e Journals Project Momo K Rogers 1996 Liberian Press Under Military Rule Liberian Studies Journal United States 21 ISSN 0024 1989 S S Deddeh 2000 Pushing for Press Freedom in Liberia Journal of Democracy 11 2 159 168 doi 10 1353 jod 2000 0033 S2CID 154493794 Liberia Directory the Press Africa South of the Sahara 2003 Regional Surveys of the World Europa Publications 2003 p 586 ISBN 9781857431315 ISSN 0065 3896 Includes information about broadcast media Carl Patrick Burrowes 2004 Power And Press Freedom In Liberia 1830 1970 The Impact Of Globalization And Civil Society On Media government Relations Trenton NJ and Asmara Eritrea Africa World Press ISBN 978 1 59221 294 1 Toyin Falola Daniel Jean Jacques eds 2015 Liberia Media Africa an Encyclopedia of Culture and Society ABC CLIO pp 687 ISBN 978 1 59884 666 9 Liberia Freedom of the Press United States Freedom House 2016 OCLC 57509361External links EditLiberia Domain Registration lr Karen Fung African Studies Association ed News by country Liberia Africa South of the Sahara United States via Stanford University Annotated directory Newspapers Held in Microform Liberia PDF Cooperative Africana Materials Project United States Center for Research Libraries 2012 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mass media in Liberia amp oldid 1123137690, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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