The rud (Persian: رود) is a Persian stringed musical instrument.[1] In Persian, the word means "string".[1] It has been mentioned in classical Persian literature by Rudaki, Hafez, Naser Khusraw, Sanai, Ferdowsi, Nizami and Qatran Tabrizi other poets.[2] The Arabic 'Ud, whose etymology is not yet convincingly explained, may well have been derived from the Persian word rud.[3]
The Persian poet Ferdowsi states about it:[2] همه شب ببودند با نای و رود
همی داد هرکس به خسرو درود.
All night they were listening to the sound of the reed and the rud Everyone who came to the banquet, paid his respect to the Khusraw
In his treatise, Abd al-Qadir Maraghi mentions the rud: "Rud Khwani: Up to half of its surface is covered by skin, and frets are fastened to it; it has four strings. It is played like an ancient ud."
Researchers have found out that the first examples of the rud were made of gourds, and that the strings were made of silk and animal gut. It is remarkable that its appearance reminds one of a gourd.
Its structure differs from that of other string instruments. Fish skin is pulled over half of the body's surface, and the other part is made of pine. Primarily, the instrument was played with the fingers; later it was played with the help of a plectrum made of soft material. The rud's body is made of mulberry wood and apricot wood, the neck and head are made of nut wood, and the pegs are made of pear wood. A total of 12 frets are fastened to the instrument's fret-board. The timbre of its sound is low.
The total length of the instrument is 860 mm. The length of the body is 495 mm, the width is 335 mm and the height is 170 mm. The length of the neck is 285 mm. The scale of the rud ranges from the "mi" of the great octave to the "si" of the second octave.
^ abMartijn Theodoor Houtsma, "Ud" in E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936, Volume 2 " pp 987: "rud is of Persian origin and the word, like tar, means a string." [1]
^ abDehkhoda dictionary: Rud in . Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2010-12-09.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) accessed 2010
^Eckhard Neubauer, "MUSIC HISTORY ii. CA. 650 TO 1370 CE" in Encyclopaedia Iranica, [2]. Excerpt: The Arabic 'Ud, whose etymology is not yet convincingly explained, may well have been derived from the Persian word rud.
Look up rud in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
April 18, 2024
other, uses, disambiguation, persian, رود, persian, stringed, musical, instrument, persian, word, means, string, been, mentioned, classical, persian, literature, hafez, naser, khusraw, sanai, ferdowsi, nizami, qatran, tabrizi, other, poets, arabic, whose, etym. For other uses see Rud disambiguation The rud Persian رود is a Persian stringed musical instrument 1 In Persian the word means string 1 It has been mentioned in classical Persian literature by Rudaki Hafez Naser Khusraw Sanai Ferdowsi Nizami and Qatran Tabrizi other poets 2 The Arabic Ud whose etymology is not yet convincingly explained may well have been derived from the Persian word rud 3 RudString instrumentClassificationNecked bowl lutes String instrumentsDevelopedAntiquityRelated instrumentsAngelique instrument Archlute Balalaika Barbat lute Baglama Biwa Bouzouki Charango Chitarra Italiana Daguangxian Đan tỳ ba Dombra Domra Dutar Electric pipa Erhu Irish bouzouki Liuqin Lute Mandocello Mandola Mandolin Mandolute Oud Pandura Pipa Qanbus Rubab Setar Sitar Surbahar Tambura Tanbur Tanbur Turkish Tembur Theorbo Tiorbino Tiqin Topshur Veena ZhonghuThe Persian poet Ferdowsi states about it 2 همه شب ببودند با نای و رودهمی داد هرکس به خسرو درود All night they were listening to the sound of the reed and the rud Everyone who came to the banquet paid his respect to the KhusrawIn his treatise Abd al Qadir Maraghi mentions the rud Rud Khwani Up to half of its surface is covered by skin and frets are fastened to it it has four strings It is played like an ancient ud Researchers have found out that the first examples of the rud were made of gourds and that the strings were made of silk and animal gut It is remarkable that its appearance reminds one of a gourd Its structure differs from that of other string instruments Fish skin is pulled over half of the body s surface and the other part is made of pine Primarily the instrument was played with the fingers later it was played with the help of a plectrum made of soft material The rud s body is made of mulberry wood and apricot wood the neck and head are made of nut wood and the pegs are made of pear wood A total of 12 frets are fastened to the instrument s fret board The timbre of its sound is low The total length of the instrument is 860 mm The length of the body is 495 mm the width is 335 mm and the height is 170 mm The length of the neck is 285 mm The scale of the rud ranges from the mi of the great octave to the si of the second octave See also editPersian traditional music Azerbaijani music Cobza ShahrudReferences edit a b Martijn Theodoor Houtsma Ud in E J Brill s first encyclopaedia of Islam 1913 1936 Volume 2 pp 987 rud is of Persian origin and the word like tar means a string 1 a b Dehkhoda dictionary Rud in Archived copy Archived from the original on 2011 07 18 Retrieved 2010 12 09 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link accessed 2010 Eckhard Neubauer MUSIC HISTORY ii CA 650 TO 1370 CE in Encyclopaedia Iranica 2 Excerpt The Arabic Ud whose etymology is not yet convincingly explained may well have been derived from the Persian word rud nbsp Look up rud in Wiktionary the free dictionary Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Rud amp oldid 1137054202, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
