This article is about rubrics in text and as instructions. For other uses, see Rubric (disambiguation).
A rubric is a word or section of text that is traditionally written or printed in red ink for emphasis. The word derives from the Latin: rubrica, meaning red ochre or red chalk,[1] and originates in Medievalilluminated manuscripts from the 13th century or earlier. In these, red letters were used to highlight initial capitals (particularly of psalms), section headings and names of religious significance, a practice known as rubrication, which was a separate stage in the production of a manuscript.
Rubric can also mean the red ink or paint used to make rubrics, or the pigment used to make it.[2] Although red was most often used, other colours came into use from the late Middle Ages onwards, and the word rubric was used for these also. Medievalists can use patterns of rubrication to help identify textual traditions.[3]
Instructions for a priest explaining what he must do during a liturgy were also rubricated in missals and the other liturgical books, and the texts to be spoken aloud were in black.[5] From this, "rubric" has a secondary denotation of an instruction in a text, regardless of how it is actually inscribed. This is the oldest recorded definition in English, found in 1375.[6] Less formally, "rubrics" may refer to any liturgical action customarily performed, whether or not pursuant to a written instruction. The history, status, and authority of the content of rubrics are significant, and sometimes controversial, among liturgical scholars. In the past, some theologians distinguished between rubrics they considered of Divine origin and those merely of human origin. Rubrics were probably originally verbal, and then written in separate volumes. The earliest extant liturgical books do not contain them, but from references in texts of the first millennium it appears that written versions existed.[7] Full rubrics regarding matters such as vesture, appearance of the altar, timing of specific liturgies, and similar matters still may be published separately. In modern liturgical books, e. g. the CatholicRoman Missal, lengthy general rubrics, probably printed in black, pertain to such matters and preface the actual order of liturgies, which contain shorter, specific rubrics that still are usually rubricated. Red is also often used to distinguish words spoken by the celebrant and those by the congregation, or by other specific persons involved in the liturgy, e. g. those marrying.
After the development of printing
Page from the 1896 Kelmscott Press edition of the 13th century Laudes Beatae Mariae Virginis, with numbers and first lines of the Psalms rubricated in between prayers in black.[8]
With the arrival of printing, other typographic effects such as italic type, bolded type, or different sizes of type were used to emphasize a section of text, and as printing in two colours is more expensive and time consuming, rubrication has tended to be reserved for sacred and liturgical books or luxury editions of other works.
Around 1900, rubrication was incorporated into a Red letter edition of the King James Version of the Bible to distinguish the Dominical words, i. e., those spoken by Jesus Christ during His corporeal life on Earth, because that translation lacked quotation marks. Other versions of the Bible have since adopted the popular practice.
A rubric is an explicit set of criteria used for assessing a particular type of work or performance and provides more details than a single grade or mark. Rubrics, therefore, help teachers grade more objectively and "they improve students' ability to include required elements of an assignment".[10]
^ abParry, Linda: William Morris, New York: Harry Abrams, 1996, ISBN0-8109-4282-8.
^Naylor, Gillian: "The Things That Might Be: British Design after Morris". In Diane Waggoner, ed.: The Beauty of Life: William Morris & the Art of Design, New York: Thames and Hudson, 2003, ISBN0-500-28434-2, p. 122–124.
^"Rubrics for Assessment - NIU - Center for Innovative Teaching and Learning". Northern Illinois University. Retrieved 2021-09-27.
Rubrics of the Anglican Low Mass (from 1931) Very full set of rubrics (more than a normal service book would include); perversely, the words to be spoken are here shown in red, and the rubrics in black.
Catholic Order of Mass Rubrics showing who speaks are in red; others in small italics.
Kelmscott Press Examples of Kelmscott Press pages showing use of red accents.
So this then is the preachment entitled Chicago tongue A "flip book" presentation of the Roycroft Press edition c. 1913, illustrating use of rubrics in the Arts and Crafts tradition.
Good Recipes This cookbook published by the Woman's Society of the Winnetka Congregational Church in 1906 shows the influence of Arts and Crafts rubrics on everyday typography in the early 20th century.
January 13, 2023
rubric, this, article, about, rubrics, text, instructions, other, uses, disambiguation, rubric, word, section, text, that, traditionally, written, printed, emphasis, word, derives, from, latin, rubrica, meaning, ochre, chalk, originates, medieval, illuminated,. This article is about rubrics in text and as instructions For other uses see Rubric disambiguation A rubric is a word or section of text that is traditionally written or printed in red ink for emphasis The word derives from the Latin rubrica meaning red ochre or red chalk 1 and originates in Medieval illuminated manuscripts from the 13th century or earlier In these red letters were used to highlight initial capitals particularly of psalms section headings and names of religious significance a practice known as rubrication which was a separate stage in the production of a manuscript Dominican Missal c 1240 with rubrics in red Historical Museum of Lausanne Rubrics in an illuminated gradual of ca 1500 Rubric can also mean the red ink or paint used to make rubrics or the pigment used to make it 2 Although red was most often used other colours came into use from the late Middle Ages onwards and the word rubric was used for these also Medievalists can use patterns of rubrication to help identify textual traditions 3 Various figurative senses of the word have been extended from its original meaning Usually these senses are used within the set phrase under whatever rubric for example under this rubric X is true or X was done under the rubric of Y Such senses include an authoritative rule 4 the title of a statute 4 something under which a thing is classed 4 an explanatory or introductory commentary 4 an established rule tradition or custom 4 or a guide listing specific criteria for grading or scoring academic assignments 4 Contents 1 As liturgical instructions 2 After the development of printing 3 Rubrics in education 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksAs liturgical instructions EditInstructions for a priest explaining what he must do during a liturgy were also rubricated in missals and the other liturgical books and the texts to be spoken aloud were in black 5 From this rubric has a secondary denotation of an instruction in a text regardless of how it is actually inscribed This is the oldest recorded definition in English found in 1375 6 Less formally rubrics may refer to any liturgical action customarily performed whether or not pursuant to a written instruction The history status and authority of the content of rubrics are significant and sometimes controversial among liturgical scholars In the past some theologians distinguished between rubrics they considered of Divine origin and those merely of human origin Rubrics were probably originally verbal and then written in separate volumes The earliest extant liturgical books do not contain them but from references in texts of the first millennium it appears that written versions existed 7 Full rubrics regarding matters such as vesture appearance of the altar timing of specific liturgies and similar matters still may be published separately In modern liturgical books e g the Catholic Roman Missal lengthy general rubrics probably printed in black pertain to such matters and preface the actual order of liturgies which contain shorter specific rubrics that still are usually rubricated Red is also often used to distinguish words spoken by the celebrant and those by the congregation or by other specific persons involved in the liturgy e g those marrying After the development of printing Edit Page from the 1896 Kelmscott Press edition of the 13th century Laudes Beatae Mariae Virginis with numbers and first lines of the Psalms rubricated in between prayers in black 8 With the arrival of printing other typographic effects such as italic type bolded type or different sizes of type were used to emphasize a section of text and as printing in two colours is more expensive and time consuming rubrication has tended to be reserved for sacred and liturgical books or luxury editions of other works William Morris s medievally inspired typography for the Kelmscott Press at the end of the 19th century included chapter titles and other accents in red or rarely blue ink and was influential on small press art typography associated with the Arts and Crafts movement in both England and the United States particularly the work of the Ashendene Doves and Roycroft Presses 8 9 Around 1900 rubrication was incorporated into a Red letter edition of the King James Version of the Bible to distinguish the Dominical words i e those spoken by Jesus Christ during His corporeal life on Earth because that translation lacked quotation marks Other versions of the Bible have since adopted the popular practice Rubrics in education EditMain article Rubric academic A rubric is an explicit set of criteria used for assessing a particular type of work or performance and provides more details than a single grade or mark Rubrics therefore help teachers grade more objectively and they improve students ability to include required elements of an assignment 10 See also EditCode of Rubrics Rubrication ScriptoriumReferences Edit OED meaning 1a OED meaning 1b Stephanie Viereck Gibbs Kamath 2010 Rubrics In Dunphy Graeme ed Encyclopedia of the Medieval Chronicle Leiden Brill pp 1301 1303 ISBN 90 04 18464 3 a b c d e f Merriam Webster headword rubric Merriam Webster s Collegiate Dictionary 11th ed Merriam Webster Rubrics Catholic Encyclopedia OED meaning 3 Catholic Encyclopedia article cited a b Parry Linda William Morris New York Harry Abrams 1996 ISBN 0 8109 4282 8 Naylor Gillian The Things That Might Be British Design after Morris In Diane Waggoner ed The Beauty of Life William Morris amp the Art of Design New York Thames and Hudson 2003 ISBN 0 500 28434 2 p 122 124 Rubrics for Assessment NIU Center for Innovative Teaching and Learning Northern Illinois University Retrieved 2021 09 27 Glossary of Manuscript Terms British LibraryExternal links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rubrics Look up rubric in Wiktionary the free dictionary Rubric Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 23 11th ed 1911 p 810 Rubrics of the Anglican Low Mass from 1931 Very full set of rubrics more than a normal service book would include perversely the words to be spoken are here shown in red and the rubrics in black Catholic Order of Mass Rubrics showing who speaks are in red others in small italics Kelmscott Press Examples of Kelmscott Press pages showing use of red accents So this then is the preachment entitled Chicago tongue A flip book presentation of the Roycroft Press edition c 1913 illustrating use of rubrics in the Arts and Crafts tradition Good Recipes This cookbook published by the Woman s Society of the Winnetka Congregational Church in 1906 shows the influence of Arts and Crafts rubrics on everyday typography in the early 20th century Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Rubric amp oldid 1104535243, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
