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You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at [[:fr:Tramway sur pneumatiques]]; see its history for attribution.
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A rubber-tyred tram (also known as tramway on tyres, French: tramway sur pneumatiques) is a development of the guided bus in which a vehicle is guided by a fixed rail in the road surface and draws current from overhead electric wires (either via pantograph or trolley poles).
Translohr vehicles are now providing tram-like service in Clermont-Ferrand.
Two incompatible systems using physical guide rails exist: the Guided Light Transit (GLT) designed by Bombardier Transportation, and the Translohr from Lohr Industrie (currently made by Alstom and FSI). There are no guide bars at the sides but there is a central guidance rail that differs in design between the systems. In the case of Translohr, this rail is grasped by a pair of metal guide wheels set at 45° to the road and at 90° to each other. In the GLT system, a single double-flanged wheel between the rubber tires follows the guidancerail. In both cases, the weight of the vehicle is borne by rubber tires to which the guide wheels are attached, which make contact with the road on concrete roll ways designed to minimise impact on the ground. Power is usually supplied by overhead lines, rechargeable batteries, or internal combustion engines where there are no overhead wires.
Guidance and steerage in a Translohr tram 1995. Rubber tyres are used to support the vehicle, while metal wheels and a single rail are used for guidance.
The Translohr system operates as a guided vehicle at all times, while with the Bombardier system the vehicles can be driven independently as requirements dictate, such as journeys to the depot. Consequently, the Bombardier vehicles are legally considered buses, and must bear rear-view mirrors, lights and number plates, and are controlled with steering wheels and pedals like ordinary buses, though the steering wheel is not used when following the guidance rail. On the other hand, Translohr vehicles operate like standard trams and cannot move without guidance, so they are not classified as buses and are not equipped with number plates. The ART system can be diverted by virtual track by the driver using a conventional steering wheel.
These systems have been likened to the tram equivalent of rubber-tyred metros, and they are also less efficient than steel-wheeled light rail vehicles. There is no evidence to prove the superiority of either guidance system. Both Bombardier and Translohr have had derailments during operation.[1][2]
Systems in operationEdit
Diagram of the Translohr guide rail (green) and the tram's guide wheels (red)
Diagram of the guide rail and guide wheel of the Bombardier's GLT
Nancy Guided Light Transit, France (2001—2023) 40% of the line runs as a driver steered trolley bus. The entire route is to be converted after 2020 to light rail by 2023 (though the project has recently been converted to a trolleybus-only system because of the cost).[3]
Zhangjiang Tram, Shanghai, China (STE3, 2010-2023) closed due to high operating costs and low ridership.
Proposed systemsEdit
Cambridge, United Kingdom. One of the three systems under consideration for the proposed 90 mi (140 km) Cambridge Autonomous Metro utilises a "fully autonomous, battery-powered road transport vehicle". (The other options are a personal rapid transit and a guided bus. An upgrade bus service is also being considered.)[7]
^"Alstom trams to replace Caen TVR" (January 2017). Tramways & Urban Transit, p. 7. UK: LRTA Publishing. ISSN 1460-8324.
^"Tramway à Caen. Le Jour où il s'est Arrêté" [Tramway in Caen: The Day It Closed]. Ouest-France (in French). 4 January 2018. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
^Dardenne, Elodie (3 December 2018). "Tramway à Caen. Pour l'Instant, ça Roule" [Tramway in Caen: For the Moment, It Rolls]. Ouest-France (in French). Retrieved 23 May 2023.
^"TDI Unveils Cambridge Autonomous Metro Concept". 12 April 2021. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
October 17, 2023
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This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Rubber tyred tram news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2016 Learn how and when to remove this template message You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in French July 2016 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the French article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at fr Tramway sur pneumatiques see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated fr Tramway sur pneumatiques to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Learn how and when to remove this template message A rubber tyred tram also known as tramway on tyres French tramway sur pneumatiques is a development of the guided bus in which a vehicle is guided by a fixed rail in the road surface and draws current from overhead electric wires either via pantograph or trolley poles Translohr vehicles are now providing tram like service in Clermont Ferrand Two incompatible systems using physical guide rails exist the Guided Light Transit GLT designed by Bombardier Transportation and the Translohr from Lohr Industrie currently made by Alstom and FSI There are no guide bars at the sides but there is a central guidance rail that differs in design between the systems In the case of Translohr this rail is grasped by a pair of metal guide wheels set at 45 to the road and at 90 to each other In the GLT system a single double flanged wheel between the rubber tires follows the guidance rail In both cases the weight of the vehicle is borne by rubber tires to which the guide wheels are attached which make contact with the road on concrete roll ways designed to minimise impact on the ground Power is usually supplied by overhead lines rechargeable batteries or internal combustion engines where there are no overhead wires Contents 1 Characteristics 2 Systems in operation 2 1 Translohr 3 Retired systems 3 1 Bombardier Guided Light Transit GLT 3 2 Translohr 4 Proposed systems 5 See also 6 ReferencesCharacteristics Edit nbsp Guidance and steerage in a Translohr tram 1995 Rubber tyres are used to support the vehicle while metal wheels and a single rail are used for guidance The Translohr system operates as a guided vehicle at all times while with the Bombardier system the vehicles can be driven independently as requirements dictate such as journeys to the depot Consequently the Bombardier vehicles are legally considered buses and must bear rear view mirrors lights and number plates and are controlled with steering wheels and pedals like ordinary buses though the steering wheel is not used when following the guidance rail On the other hand Translohr vehicles operate like standard trams and cannot move without guidance so they are not classified as buses and are not equipped with number plates The ART system can be diverted by virtual track by the driver using a conventional steering wheel These systems have been likened to the tram equivalent of rubber tyred metros and they are also less efficient than steel wheeled light rail vehicles There is no evidence to prove the superiority of either guidance system Both Bombardier and Translohr have had derailments during operation 1 2 Systems in operation Edit nbsp Diagram of the Translohr guide rail green and the tram s guide wheels red nbsp Diagram of the guide rail and guide wheel of the Bombardier s GLT Translohr Edit Main article Translohr Clermont Ferrand tramway France STE4 since 2006 Padua tramway Italy STE3 since 2007 TEDA Modern Guided Rail Tram Tianjin China STE3 since 2007 Mestre Venice tramway Italy STE3 since 2010 Ile de France tramway Line 5 France STE3 since 2013 Ile de France tramway Line 6 France STE6 since 2014 Ayacucho Tram Medellin Colombia STE5 since 2015 Translohr switches and crossing nbsp Translohr flexible single rail switch nbsp Translohr rigid two rail switch nbsp Translohr rail crossingRetired systems EditBombardier Guided Light Transit GLT Edit Main article Bombardier Guided Light Transit Nancy Guided Light Transit France 2001 2023 40 of the line runs as a driver steered trolley bus The entire route is to be converted after 2020 to light rail by 2023 though the project has recently been converted to a trolleybus only system because of the cost 3 Caen Guided Light Transit France 2002 2017 GLT closed in 2017 and converted to light rail which opened in 2019 4 5 6 Translohr Edit Main article Translohr Zhangjiang Tram Shanghai China STE3 2010 2023 closed due to high operating costs and low ridership Proposed systems EditCambridge United Kingdom One of the three systems under consideration for the proposed 90 mi 140 km Cambridge Autonomous Metro utilises a fully autonomous battery powered road transport vehicle The other options are a personal rapid transit and a guided bus An upgrade bus service is also being considered 7 See also EditAutonomous Rail Rapid Transit Budd Michelin rubber tired rail cars Flat tire Outline of tiresReferences Edit Further Problems in Nancy LRTA 20 November 2002 Retrieved 18 July 2016 国内首条现代导轨电车出轨 The First Modern Guided Tramway in China Derails News QQ com in Chinese 20 August 2007 Worldwide Review regular news section November 2017 Tramways amp Urban Transit p 431 UK LRTA Publishing ISSN 1460 8324 Alstom trams to replace Caen TVR January 2017 Tramways amp Urban Transit p 7 UK LRTA Publishing ISSN 1460 8324 Tramway a Caen Le Jour ou il s est Arrete Tramway in Caen The Day It Closed Ouest France in French 4 January 2018 Retrieved 23 May 2023 Dardenne Elodie 3 December 2018 Tramway a Caen Pour l Instant ca Roule Tramway in Caen For the Moment It Rolls Ouest France in French Retrieved 23 May 2023 TDI Unveils Cambridge Autonomous Metro Concept 12 April 2021 Retrieved 24 July 2021 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Rubber tyred tram amp oldid 1162256792, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
