A rotary jail was an architectural design for some prisons in the Midwestern United States during the late 19th century. Cells in the jails were wedges on a platform that rotated in a carousel fashion. The surrounding of the entire level had a single opening, allowing only one cell at a time to be accessible.
The rotary jail was initially designed by architect William H. Brown, and built by the Haugh, Ketcham & Co. iron foundry in the Indianapolis, Indiana neighborhood of Haughville. Their July 1881 patent[1][2] had the following description:
The object of our inventions is to produce a jail in which prisoners can be controlled without the necessity of personal contact between them and the jailer or guard ... it consists, first, of a circular cell structure of considerable size (inside the usual prison building) divided into several cells capable of being rotated, surrounded by a grating in close proximity thereto, which has only such number of openings (usually one) as is necessary for the convenient handling of prisoners.
Featuresedit
Detail diagram of central core plumbing connections to cell.
The pie-shaped cells rotated around a core having a sanitary plumbing system, which was considered an unusual luxury at that time. The cell block could be rotated by a single man hand-rotating a crank. It was connected to gears beneath the structure which rotated the entire cell block. The structure was supported by a ball bearing surface to allow for smooth rotation.
Condemnededit
The jails encountered problems almost immediately with inmates' limbs being crushed or interfering with the cellblock's rotation. Most of the jails had to be welded in a fixed position and refitted with individual cell accesses after only a few years.[3] All of them, except for one, were condemned by June 22, 1939. The Pottawattamie County Jail in Council Bluffs, Iowa, remained in use until December 1969. The rotary mechanism was disabled as late as 1960, following an incident where an inmate died of natural causes but the body could not be retrieved for two days due to a malfunction in the mechanism.[4]
The last rotary jail with an operating rotary mechanism in existence is in Crawfordsville, Indiana. As per the original design, the jail could handle 16 prisoners and the third floor contained three cells for ill inmates to keep them separate from the remainder of the population. This jail had its rotary mechanism disabled around the late 1930s and the structure was condemned in 1967 and closed fully as a jail in 1973.[1]
Legacyedit
The last remaining mechanically operating rotary jail is the Montgomery County Jail and Sheriff's Residence in Crawfordsville, Indiana, which opened in 1882 and housed prisoners for over half a century. Following its closure in 1973, the Montgomery County Cultural Foundation rescued the facility two years later and established the Old Jail Museum.[1] Having previously had its rotary mechanism welded shut, this was unwelded around 1975 so that the jail could rotate again.[5] Following a generous bequest from one of its founders in 1985, the foundation undertook extensive renovations, although restoration of the rotary cell block was not completed until 1996. The former sheriff's home is used by the local community to house receptions and workshops.[1]
As of 2002[update], only two others are known to have survived: one in Council Bluffs, Iowa and one in Gallatin, Missouri.[1]
Locationsedit
Sources vary as to how many rotary jails had been built. One source reports that 17 rotary jails were contracted for construction but only 12 were ever completed,[5] while others say 17–18 were actually constructed (based on jail-construction company records)[6] whereas another claims as few as seven were ever built.[1]
Structures still standing, since turned into museums:
^ abcdefghEarl Conn (April 21, 2002). "Rotary jails didn't take off, so one in Crawfordsville draws much attention". The Star Press. p. 28.
^US 244358, Brown, W. H. & Haugh, B. F., "Jail or Prison", issued July 12, 1881
^Orange Bean Indiana 14 September 2008 - Indiana: Both First and Last in Rotary Jails
^Historical Society of Pottawattamie - History of the "Squirrel Cage" Jail
^ abc"Gage's new curator believes in saving, caring for history". Beatrice Daily Sun. 13 January 1990. p. 9.
^ abcdefghijklmnopMiller, Douglas K. (2007). "The Salt Lake County Rotary Jail". Utah Historical Quarterly. 75 (4). Utah Division of State History: 322–41. doi:10.2307/45063197. JSTOR 45063197. S2CID 254437549.
^Marimen, Mark; et al. (2008). Weird Indiana: Your Travel Guide to Indiana's Local Legends and Best Kept Secrets. Sterling. p. 126. ISBN978-1-4027-5452-4.
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A rotary jail was an architectural design for some prisons in the Midwestern United States during the late 19th century Cells in the jails were wedges on a platform that rotated in a carousel fashion The surrounding of the entire level had a single opening allowing only one cell at a time to be accessible Rotary jail in Gallatin Missouri Contents 1 Design and patent 2 Features 3 Condemned 4 Legacy 5 Locations 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksDesign and patent editThe rotary jail was initially designed by architect William H Brown and built by the Haugh Ketcham amp Co iron foundry in the Indianapolis Indiana neighborhood of Haughville Their July 1881 patent 1 2 had the following description The object of our inventions is to produce a jail in which prisoners can be controlled without the necessity of personal contact between them and the jailer or guard it consists first of a circular cell structure of considerable size inside the usual prison building divided into several cells capable of being rotated surrounded by a grating in close proximity thereto which has only such number of openings usually one as is necessary for the convenient handling of prisoners Features edit nbsp Detail diagram of central core plumbing connections to cell The pie shaped cells rotated around a core having a sanitary plumbing system which was considered an unusual luxury at that time The cell block could be rotated by a single man hand rotating a crank It was connected to gears beneath the structure which rotated the entire cell block The structure was supported by a ball bearing surface to allow for smooth rotation Condemned editThe jails encountered problems almost immediately with inmates limbs being crushed or interfering with the cellblock s rotation Most of the jails had to be welded in a fixed position and refitted with individual cell accesses after only a few years 3 All of them except for one were condemned by June 22 1939 The Pottawattamie County Jail in Council Bluffs Iowa remained in use until December 1969 The rotary mechanism was disabled as late as 1960 following an incident where an inmate died of natural causes but the body could not be retrieved for two days due to a malfunction in the mechanism 4 The last rotary jail with an operating rotary mechanism in existence is in Crawfordsville Indiana As per the original design the jail could handle 16 prisoners and the third floor contained three cells for ill inmates to keep them separate from the remainder of the population This jail had its rotary mechanism disabled around the late 1930s and the structure was condemned in 1967 and closed fully as a jail in 1973 1 Legacy editThe last remaining mechanically operating rotary jail is the Montgomery County Jail and Sheriff s Residence in Crawfordsville Indiana which opened in 1882 and housed prisoners for over half a century Following its closure in 1973 the Montgomery County Cultural Foundation rescued the facility two years later and established the Old Jail Museum 1 Having previously had its rotary mechanism welded shut this was unwelded around 1975 so that the jail could rotate again 5 Following a generous bequest from one of its founders in 1985 the foundation undertook extensive renovations although restoration of the rotary cell block was not completed until 1996 The former sheriff s home is used by the local community to house receptions and workshops 1 As of 2002 update only two others are known to have survived one in Council Bluffs Iowa and one in Gallatin Missouri 1 Locations editSources vary as to how many rotary jails had been built One source reports that 17 rotary jails were contracted for construction but only 12 were ever completed 5 while others say 17 18 were actually constructed based on jail construction company records 6 whereas another claims as few as seven were ever built 1 Structures still standing since turned into museums Montgomery County Jail and Sheriff s Residence Crawfordsville Montgomery County Indiana listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975 and as a National Historic Landmark in 2023 This is the only one where the rotary mechanism still operates 7 Pottawattamie County Jail Council Bluffs Pottawattamie County Iowa 1 listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972 and as a National Historic Landmark in 2023 Used until 1969 rotary mechanism unused after 1961 5 Daviess County Rotary Jail and Sheriff s Residence Gallatin Daviess County Missouri listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990 8 1 Demolished Maryville Nodaway County Missouri 6 Paducah McCracken County Kentucky uncertain if actually constructed 6 Maysville DeKalb County Missouri 6 Pueblo Pueblo County Colorado 6 Appleton Outagamie County Wisconsin uncertain if completed 6 Charleston Kanawha County West Virginia 6 Rapid City Iowa 6 Burlington Vermont 6 Sherman Grayson County Texas 6 Oswego New York 6 Waxahachie Texas 6 Wichita Kansas 6 Williamsport Indiana 6 Dover New Hampshire 6 Salt Lake City Salt Lake County Utah 6 See also editRevolving restaurantReferences edit a b c d e f g h Earl Conn April 21 2002 Rotary jails didn t take off so one in Crawfordsville draws much attention The Star Press p 28 US 244358 Brown W H amp Haugh B F Jail or Prison issued July 12 1881 Orange Bean Indiana 14 September 2008 Indiana Both First and Last in Rotary Jails Historical Society of Pottawattamie History of the Squirrel Cage Jail a b c Gage s new curator believes in saving caring for history Beatrice Daily Sun 13 January 1990 p 9 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Miller Douglas K 2007 The Salt Lake County Rotary Jail Utah Historical Quarterly 75 4 Utah Division of State History 322 41 doi 10 2307 45063197 JSTOR 45063197 S2CID 254437549 Marimen Mark et al 2008 Weird Indiana Your Travel Guide to Indiana s Local Legends and Best Kept Secrets Sterling p 126 ISBN 978 1 4027 5452 4 National Register Information System National Register of Historic Places National Park Service July 9 2010 External links editBen L Ross architects Ben L Loss History of the Jail Pottawattamie County Jail Indiana Statelib Publication 7028 Article about rotary jails on 99 Invisible com Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Rotary jail amp oldid 1195106419, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
