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Catholic Church in Spain

November 02, 2023

The Spanish Catholic Church, or Catholic Church in Spain, is part of the Catholic Church under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome, and the Spanish Episcopal Conference.


Catholic Church in Spain
Spanish: Iglesia Católica en España
TypeNational polity
ClassificationCatholic
OrientationLatin
ScriptureBible
TheologyCatholic theology
PolityEpiscopal
GovernanceCEE
PopeFrancis
PrimateFrancisco Cerro Chaves
RegionSpain
LanguageSpanish, Latin
FounderApostles James and Paul
Origin1st century
Hispania, Roman Empire
SeparationsProtestantism in Spain
Palmarian Catholic Church
Members32,364,000[1]
Official websiteCEE
The Toledo Cathedral, seat of the Primates of Spain
Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela

The Spanish Constitution of 1978 establishes the non-denominationality of the State, providing that the public authorities take into account the religious beliefs of society, maintaining cooperative relations with the Catholic Church and other confessions. Thus, the relations between the Spanish State and the Holy See are regulated by the 1976 agreement and the three 1979 agreements, which modified and replaced the previous 1953 concordat.[2][3]

History edit

Main article: History of the Catholic Church in Spain

According to Romans 15:28, Christianity could have been present in Spain from a very early period. St. Paul intend to go to Hispania to preach the gospel there after visiting the Romans along the way. But there is no clear evidence if he ever made it.[4] After 410 AD, Spain was taken over by the Visigoths who had been converted to Arianism around 360. From the 5th to the 7th century, about thirty synods, were held at Toledo to regulate and standardise matters of discipline, decreed uniformity of liturgy throughout the kingdom. Medieval Spain was the scene of almost constant warfare between Islamic and Christian kingdoms. Islamic and Christian people generally lived in peaceful co-existence under Islamic rule such as in Al-Andalus with many instances of inter-religious marriage. However, there was tension from the Pope and the Catholic Church to oppose Islamic rule in Spain and to "reclaim" Europe. This was the period of the so-called "Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain". The Almohads, who had taken control of the Almoravids' Maghrebi and Andalusian territories by 1147, far surpassed the Almoravids in Islamic fundamentalism, and they notably treated the non-Islamic dhimmis harshly. Faced with the choice of death, conversion, or emigration, many Jews fled to North Africa and Egypt.[5]

The Reconquista was the long process by which the Catholics reconquered Spain from Islamic rule by 1492. The Spanish Inquisition was established in 1478 to complete the religious purification of the Iberian Peninsula. In the centuries that followed, Spain saw itself as the bulwark of Catholicism and doctrinal purity.

Spanish missionaries carried Catholicism to the Americas and the Philippines, establishing various missions in the newly colonized lands. The missions served as a base for both administering colonies as well as spreading Christianity.

According to Juan Avilés Farré, Catholicism constituted the "doctrinal basis of the most significant organizations of the anti-democratic and anti-liberal right-wing" in Spain developed in the period going from the demise of right-wing liberal conservatism led by Cánovas del Castillo to the installment of the Francoist dictatorship, including maurism, Patriotic Union, the group around Acción Española and Falange Española.[6]

The Catholic Church in Spain supported Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War and afterwards established a close relationship with the Spanish state, with many Catholic priests serving in the government. After Vatican II, the church suddenly reversed its position, withdrew its support for the Franco regime, and supported the separation of church and state.[7]

Sites edit

 
Sagrada Familia in Barcelona
See also: Cathedrals in Spain

The Spanish Church oversees one of the greatest repositories of religious architecture (and art) in the world, among them the outstanding cathedrals of Cordoba (originally built as a church and then replaced by a mosque during Moorish rule, to be subsequently reconsecrated as a Church), Santiago de Compostela, Burgos, León, Seville, Toledo and the Cathedral-Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar in Zaragoza. There are also magnificent monasteries like San Millán and Silos in La Rioja, Monstserrat and Poblet in Catalonia, El Escorial and El Paular in Madrid, San Juan de los Reyes in Castile-La Mancha, the Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas in Castile and Leon, or churches like Sagrada Familia in Barcelona by Antoni Gaudí.

Festivals and pilgrimages edit

Holy Week edit

Holy Week (Spanish: Semana Santa) in Spain attracts thousands of pilgrims and tourists alike. For centuries Holy Week has had a special significance in the church calendar in Spain, where early on Good Friday the darkened streets of dawn become the stage for solemn processions and celebrations that lead up to festivities of Easter Sunday. Fifty-eight processions (according to a 2008 guide) parallel the health and wealth of the city from the 16th and 17th centuries of its golden age to the French Invasion in the 18th century and finally to its rebirth today in the twentieth century. Despite church attendances falling, in common with the rest of Europe, the Easter processions are expanding, as many newly formed brotherhoods have asked for permission from bishops and other authorities to process during Holy Week.[8]

Way of Saint James edit

For over a thousand years, Europeans living north of the Alps have made their way to the closest place in Europe "where they could access the spiritual authority of an Apostle: Santiago de Compostela.".[9] In 2007, for example, over 100,000 people walked to Santiago de Compostela alone.[10]

Statistics edit

There are over 42 million baptized, covering about 92% of the total population. There are 70 dioceses and archdioceses. Some studies indicate that the percentage of the population that identifies as Catholic is closer to 60%.[11]

In spite of strong traditions, most Spaniards do not participate regularly in religious services. A study conducted in October 2006 by the Spanish Centre of Sociological Research[12] shows that of the Spaniards who identify themselves as religious, 54% hardly ever or never go to church (except for wedding and funerals), 15% go to church some times a year, 10% some time per month and 19% every Sunday or multiple times per week. A huge majority of young Spaniards, including those who self-identify as Catholic, ignore the Church's stance on issues such as pre-marital sex, sexual orientation or contraception.[13][14][15][16][17] 75% of Spanish Catholics support same-sex marriage and 13% oppose it. 91% of Spanish Catholics believe society should accept gay people while 8% believe society should not accept gays.[18]

The total number of parish priests has shrunk from 24,300 in 1975 to 19,307 in 2005. Nuns also dropped 6.9% to 54,160 in the period 2000–2005.[19]

According to the Eurobarometer 69 (2008), another independent source, only 3% of Spaniards consider religion as one of their three most important values, while the European mean is 7%.[20]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "The top 10 most Catholic countries in the world". Aleteia — Catholic Spirituality, Lifestyle, World News, and Culture. January 18, 2019.
  2. ^ Rouco Varela, Antonio Mª (1996).
  3. ^ Llamazares Fernández, Dionisio
  4. ^ Early Church History [1]
  5. ^ . Archived from the original on 2009-02-13. Retrieved 2013-05-15.
  6. ^ Avilés Farré, Juan (2002). "Catolicismo y derecha autoritaria. Del maurismo a Falange Española". In Aubert, Paul (ed.). Religión y sociedad en España (siglos XIX y XX). Collection de la Casa de Velázquez. Madrid: Casa de Velázquez. pp. 255–263. ISBN 9788490961124.
  7. ^ Philpott, Daniel (2004). "The Catholic Wave". Journal of Democracy. 15 (2): 32–46. doi:10.1353/jod.2004.0034. S2CID 143415167.
  8. ^ Brian Whelan, "Amid the smell of incense came the purple-hooded Nazarenes," The Tablet, 22 March 2008, 16.
  9. ^ Kevin A. Codd, "El Camino Speaks," America, 15 December 2003, 8.
  10. ^ Howse, Christopher (2008-06-07). . The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2008-06-14. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
  11. ^ "Barometer for December 2021" (PDF).
  12. ^ "Centre of Sociological Investigations" (PDF).
  13. ^ Tarvainen, Sinikka (2004-09-26). "Reforms anger Spanish church". Dawn International. Retrieved 2008-03-21.
  14. ^ . Worldwide Religious News. 2004-10-15. Archived from the original on 2008-10-23. Retrieved 2008-03-21.
  15. ^ Loewenberg, Samuel (2005-06-26). "As Spaniards Lose Their Religion, Church Leaders Struggle to Hold On". New York Times. Retrieved 2008-10-21.
  16. ^ Pingree, Geoff (2004-10-01). "Secular drive challenges Spain's Catholic identity". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 2008-10-21.
  17. ^ Samuel Lowenberg, "Church Leaders Struggle to Hold On," The New York Times 26 June 2005, 4.
  18. ^ How Catholics around the world see same-sex marriage, homosexuality Pew Research Center
  19. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-12-20. Retrieved 2007-05-05.
  20. ^ "Eurobarometer 69 - Values of Europeans - page 16" (PDF). Retrieved 2009-03-24.
  • "Survey" (in Spanish). Sociological Research Center - Madrid, Spain. Retrieved 2008-08-07.

Further reading edit

  • Callahan, William J. The Catholic Church in Spain, 1875-1998 (1998; reprint 2012)
  • Jedin, Hubert, and John Dolan, eds. History of the Church, Volume X: The Church in the Modern Age (1989)
  • Lannon, Frances. Privilege, Persecution, and Prophecy. The Catholic Church in Spain 1875-1975. (Oxford UP, 1987)
  • Payne, Stanley G. Spanish Catholicism: An Historical Overview (1984)
  • Relaño Pastor, Eugenia. "Spanish Catholic Church in Franco Regime: A Marriage of Convenience," Kirchliche Zeitgeschichte: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie und Geschichtswissenschaft (2007) 20#2 pp 275–287.
  • Vincent, Mary. "Spain", in Tom Buchanan and Martin Conway, eds., Political Catholicism in Europe, 1918–1965 (Oxford 1996)

November 02, 2023
catholic, church, spain, spanish, catholic, church, part, catholic, church, under, spiritual, leadership, pope, rome, spanish, episcopal, conference, spanish, iglesia, católica, españacathedral, saint, mary, sevilletypenational, polityclassificationcatholicori. The Spanish Catholic Church or Catholic Church in Spain is part of the Catholic Church under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome and the Spanish Episcopal Conference Catholic Church in SpainSpanish Iglesia Catolica en EspanaCathedral of Saint Mary of the See in SevilleTypeNational polityClassificationCatholicOrientationLatinScriptureBibleTheologyCatholic theologyPolityEpiscopalGovernanceCEEPopeFrancisPrimateFrancisco Cerro ChavesRegionSpainLanguageSpanish LatinFounderApostles James and PaulOrigin1st century Hispania Roman EmpireSeparationsProtestantism in SpainPalmarian Catholic ChurchMembers32 364 000 1 Official websiteCEEThe Toledo Cathedral seat of the Primates of SpainCathedral of Santiago de CompostelaThe Spanish Constitution of 1978 establishes the non denominationality of the State providing that the public authorities take into account the religious beliefs of society maintaining cooperative relations with the Catholic Church and other confessions Thus the relations between the Spanish State and the Holy See are regulated by the 1976 agreement and the three 1979 agreements which modified and replaced the previous 1953 concordat 2 3 Contents 1 History 2 Sites 3 Festivals and pilgrimages 3 1 Holy Week 3 2 Way of Saint James 4 Statistics 5 See also 6 References 7 Further readingHistory editMain article History of the Catholic Church in Spain According to Romans 15 28 Christianity could have been present in Spain from a very early period St Paul intend to go to Hispania to preach the gospel there after visiting the Romans along the way But there is no clear evidence if he ever made it 4 After 410 AD Spain was taken over by the Visigoths who had been converted to Arianism around 360 From the 5th to the 7th century about thirty synods were held at Toledo to regulate and standardise matters of discipline decreed uniformity of liturgy throughout the kingdom Medieval Spain was the scene of almost constant warfare between Islamic and Christian kingdoms Islamic and Christian people generally lived in peaceful co existence under Islamic rule such as in Al Andalus with many instances of inter religious marriage However there was tension from the Pope and the Catholic Church to oppose Islamic rule in Spain and to reclaim Europe This was the period of the so called Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain The Almohads who had taken control of the Almoravids Maghrebi and Andalusian territories by 1147 far surpassed the Almoravids in Islamic fundamentalism and they notably treated the non Islamic dhimmis harshly Faced with the choice of death conversion or emigration many Jews fled to North Africa and Egypt 5 The Reconquista was the long process by which the Catholics reconquered Spain from Islamic rule by 1492 The Spanish Inquisition was established in 1478 to complete the religious purification of the Iberian Peninsula In the centuries that followed Spain saw itself as the bulwark of Catholicism and doctrinal purity Spanish missionaries carried Catholicism to the Americas and the Philippines establishing various missions in the newly colonized lands The missions served as a base for both administering colonies as well as spreading Christianity According to Juan Aviles Farre Catholicism constituted the doctrinal basis of the most significant organizations of the anti democratic and anti liberal right wing in Spain developed in the period going from the demise of right wing liberal conservatism led by Canovas del Castillo to the installment of the Francoist dictatorship including maurism Patriotic Union the group around Accion Espanola and Falange Espanola 6 The Catholic Church in Spain supported Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War and afterwards established a close relationship with the Spanish state with many Catholic priests serving in the government After Vatican II the church suddenly reversed its position withdrew its support for the Franco regime and supported the separation of church and state 7 Sites edit nbsp Sagrada Familia in BarcelonaSee also Cathedrals in Spain The Spanish Church oversees one of the greatest repositories of religious architecture and art in the world among them the outstanding cathedrals of Cordoba originally built as a church and then replaced by a mosque during Moorish rule to be subsequently reconsecrated as a Church Santiago de Compostela Burgos Leon Seville Toledo and the Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar in Zaragoza There are also magnificent monasteries like San Millan and Silos in La Rioja Monstserrat and Poblet in Catalonia El Escorial and El Paular in Madrid San Juan de los Reyes in Castile La Mancha the Abbey of Santa Maria la Real de Las Huelgas in Castile and Leon or churches like Sagrada Familia in Barcelona by Antoni Gaudi Festivals and pilgrimages editHoly Week edit Holy Week Spanish Semana Santa in Spain attracts thousands of pilgrims and tourists alike For centuries Holy Week has had a special significance in the church calendar in Spain where early on Good Friday the darkened streets of dawn become the stage for solemn processions and celebrations that lead up to festivities of Easter Sunday Fifty eight processions according to a 2008 guide parallel the health and wealth of the city from the 16th and 17th centuries of its golden age to the French Invasion in the 18th century and finally to its rebirth today in the twentieth century Despite church attendances falling in common with the rest of Europe the Easter processions are expanding as many newly formed brotherhoods have asked for permission from bishops and other authorities to process during Holy Week 8 Way of Saint James edit For over a thousand years Europeans living north of the Alps have made their way to the closest place in Europe where they could access the spiritual authority of an Apostle Santiago de Compostela 9 In 2007 for example over 100 000 people walked to Santiago de Compostela alone 10 Statistics editThere are over 42 million baptized covering about 92 of the total population There are 70 dioceses and archdioceses Some studies indicate that the percentage of the population that identifies as Catholic is closer to 60 11 In spite of strong traditions most Spaniards do not participate regularly in religious services A study conducted in October 2006 by the Spanish Centre of Sociological Research 12 shows that of the Spaniards who identify themselves as religious 54 hardly ever or never go to church except for wedding and funerals 15 go to church some times a year 10 some time per month and 19 every Sunday or multiple times per week A huge majority of young Spaniards including those who self identify as Catholic ignore the Church s stance on issues such as pre marital sex sexual orientation or contraception 13 14 15 16 17 75 of Spanish Catholics support same sex marriage and 13 oppose it 91 of Spanish Catholics believe society should accept gay people while 8 believe society should not accept gays 18 The total number of parish priests has shrunk from 24 300 in 1975 to 19 307 in 2005 Nuns also dropped 6 9 to 54 160 in the period 2000 2005 19 According to the Eurobarometer 69 2008 another independent source only 3 of Spaniards consider religion as one of their three most important values while the European mean is 7 20 See also edit nbsp Spain portal nbsp Catholicism portalReligion in Spain Eastern Orthodoxy in Spain Protestantism in Spain Anglicanism in Spain Saints of Catalonia Catholicism in the Second Spanish Republic Martyrs of the Spanish Civil WarReferences edit The top 10 most Catholic countries in the world Aleteia Catholic Spirituality Lifestyle World News and Culture January 18 2019 Rouco Varela Antonio Mª 1996 RELACIONES IGLESIA ESTADO EN LA ESPANA DEL SIGLO XXI Llamazares Fernandez Dionisio Los Acuerdos del Estado espanol con la Santa Sede Early Church History 1 The Almohads Archived from the original on 2009 02 13 Retrieved 2013 05 15 Aviles Farre Juan 2002 Catolicismo y derecha autoritaria Del maurismo a Falange Espanola In Aubert Paul ed Religion y sociedad en Espana siglos XIX y XX Collection de la Casa de Velazquez Madrid Casa de Velazquez pp 255 263 ISBN 9788490961124 Philpott Daniel 2004 The Catholic Wave Journal of Democracy 15 2 32 46 doi 10 1353 jod 2004 0034 S2CID 143415167 Brian Whelan Amid the smell of incense came the purple hooded Nazarenes The Tablet 22 March 2008 16 Kevin A Codd El Camino Speaks America 15 December 2003 8 Howse Christopher 2008 06 07 Blisterless on the road to Santiago The Telegraph Archived from the original on 2008 06 14 Retrieved 2008 08 07 Barometer for December 2021 PDF Centre of Sociological Investigations PDF Tarvainen Sinikka 2004 09 26 Reforms anger Spanish church Dawn International Retrieved 2008 03 21 Zapatero accused of rejecting religion Worldwide Religious News 2004 10 15 Archived from the original on 2008 10 23 Retrieved 2008 03 21 Loewenberg Samuel 2005 06 26 As Spaniards Lose Their Religion Church Leaders Struggle to Hold On New York Times Retrieved 2008 10 21 Pingree Geoff 2004 10 01 Secular drive challenges Spain s Catholic identity Christian Science Monitor Retrieved 2008 10 21 Samuel Lowenberg Church Leaders Struggle to Hold On The New York Times 26 June 2005 4 How Catholics around the world see same sex marriage homosexuality Pew Research Center Estadisticas de la Iglesia en Espana 2005 PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2009 12 20 Retrieved 2007 05 05 Eurobarometer 69 Values of Europeans page 16 PDF Retrieved 2009 03 24 Survey in Spanish Sociological Research Center Madrid Spain Retrieved 2008 08 07 Further reading editCallahan William J The Catholic Church in Spain 1875 1998 1998 reprint 2012 Jedin Hubert and John Dolan eds History of the Church Volume X The Church in the Modern Age 1989 Lannon Frances Privilege Persecution and Prophecy The Catholic Church in Spain 1875 1975 Oxford UP 1987 Payne Stanley G Spanish Catholicism An Historical Overview 1984 Relano Pastor Eugenia Spanish Catholic Church in Franco Regime A Marriage of Convenience Kirchliche Zeitgeschichte Internationale Zeitschrift fur Theologie und Geschichtswissenschaft 2007 20 2 pp 275 287 Vincent Mary Spain in Tom Buchanan and Martin Conway eds Political Catholicism in Europe 1918 1965 Oxford 1996 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Catholic Church in Spain amp oldid 1177571332, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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