fbpx
Wikipedia

Rhizobium

January 01, 1970

This article is about the bacterial genus. For the generic term that includes species in other genera, see Rhizobia.

Rhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. Rhizobium species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants.

Rhizobium
Rhizobium tropici on an agar plate (Tryptone — Yeast extract agar).
Scientific classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Pseudomonadota
Class: Alphaproteobacteria
Order: Hyphomicrobiales
Family: Rhizobiaceae
Genus: Rhizobium
Frank 1889 (Approved Lists 1980)[1][2]
Type species
Rhizobium leguminosarum
(Frank 1879) Frank 1889 (Approved Lists 1980)
Species

See text

The bacteria colonize plant cells to form root nodules, where they convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia using the enzyme nitrogenase. The ammonia is shared with the host plant in the form of organic nitrogenous compounds such as glutamine or ureides.[3] The plant, in turn, provides the bacteria with organic compounds made by photosynthesis. This mutually beneficial relationship is true of all of the rhizobia, of which the genus Rhizobium is a typical example.[4] Rhizobium is also capable of solubilizing phosphate.[5]

History edit

Martinus Beijerinck was the first to isolate and cultivate a microorganism from the nodules of legumes in 1888.[6] He named it Bacillus radicicola, which is now placed in Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology under the genus Rhizobium.

Research edit

Rhizobium forms a symbiotic relationship with certain plants, such as legumes, fixing nitrogen from the air into ammonia, which acts as a natural fertilizer for the plants. The Agricultural Research Service is conducting research involving the genetic mapping of various rhizobial species with their respective symbiotic plant species, like alfalfa or soybean. The goal of this research is to increase the plants’ productivity without using fertilizers.[7]

In molecular biology, Rhizobium has been identified as a contaminant of DNA extraction kit reagents and ultrapure water systems, which may lead to its erroneous appearance in microbiota or metagenomic datasets.[8] The presence of nitrogen-fixing bacteria as contaminants may be due to the use of nitrogen gas in ultra-pure water production to inhibit microbial growth in storage tanks.[9]

Species edit

The genus Rhizobium comprises the following species:[10]

  • Rhizobium acidisoli Román-Ponce et al. 2016
  • Rhizobium aegyptiacum Shamseldin et al. 2016
  • Rhizobium aethiopicum Aserse et al. 2017
  • Rhizobium alamii Berge et al. 2009
  • "Rhizobium album" Hang et al. 2019
  • "Rhizobium albus" Li et al. 2017
  • Rhizobium altiplani Baraúna et al. 2016
  • Rhizobium alvei Sheu et al. 2015
  • Rhizobium anhuiense Zhang et al. 2015
  • Rhizobium aquaticum Máthé et al. 2019
  • "Rhizobium arachis" Wang et al. 2001
  • Rhizobium arenae Zhang et al. 2017[Note 1]
  • Rhizobium arsenicireducens Mohapatra et al. 2020
  • Rhizobium azooxidifex Behrendt et al. 2016
  • Rhizobium bangladeshense Rashid et al. 2015
  • Rhizobium binae Rashid et al. 2015
  • Rhizobium calliandrae Rincón-Rosales et al. 2013
  • Rhizobium capsici Lin et al. 2015
  • Rhizobium cauense Liu et al. 2015
  • Rhizobium cellulosilyticum García-Fraile et al. 2007[Note 2]
  • Rhizobium changzhiense Zhang et al. 2021
  • Rhizobium chutanense Huo et al. 2019
  • "Rhizobium cremeum" Yang et al. 2022
  • "Rhizobium croatiense" Rajnovic et al. 2022
  • "Rhizobium deserti" Liu et al. 2020[Note 2]
  • Rhizobium dioscoreae Ouyabe et al. 2020
  • Rhizobium ecuadorense Ribeiro et al. 2015
  • Rhizobium endophyticum López-López et al. 2010
  • Rhizobium esperanzae Cordeiro et al. 2017
  • Rhizobium etli Segovia et al. 1993
  • Rhizobium favelukesii Torres Tejerizo et al. 2016
  • "Rhizobium flavescens" Su et al. 2021
  • Rhizobium freirei Dall'Agnol et al. 2013
  • Rhizobium gallicum Amarger et al. 1997
  • Rhizobium gei Shi et al. 2016
  • "Rhizobium glycinendophyticum" Wang et al. 2020[Note 3]
  • Rhizobium grahamii López-López et al. 2011
  • Rhizobium hainanense Chen et al. 1997
  • Rhizobium halophytocola Bibi et al. 2012
  • "Rhizobium halotolerans" Diange and Lee 2013[11]
  • "Rhizobium hedysari" Casella et al. 1986
  • "Rhizobium hedysari" Xu et al. 2017
  • "Rhizobium hedysarum" Casella et al. 1984
  • Rhizobium helianthi Wei et al. 2015
  • Rhizobium hidalgonense Yan et al. 2020
  • "Rhizobium indicum" Rahi et al. 2020
  • Rhizobium indigoferae Wei et al. 2002
  • Rhizobium jaguaris Rincón-Rosales et al. 2013
  • "Rhizobium kunmingense" Shen et al. 2010
  • Rhizobium laguerreae Saïdi et al. 2014
  • Rhizobium leguminosarum (Frank 1879) Frank 1889 (Approved Lists 1980)
  • Rhizobium lemnae Kittiwongwattana & Thawai 2014
  • Rhizobium lentis Rashid et al. 2015
  • Rhizobium leucaenae Ribeiro et al. 2011
  • Rhizobium lusitanum Valverde et al. 2006
  • "Candidatus Rhizobium massiliense" Greub et al. 2004.
  • Rhizobium mayense Rincón-Rosales et al. 2013
  • Rhizobium mesoamericanum López-López et al. 2011
  • Rhizobium mesosinicum Lin et al. 2009
  • Rhizobium metallidurans Grison et al. 2015
  • Rhizobium miluonense Gu et al. 2008
  • Rhizobium mongolense van Berkum et al. 1998
  • Rhizobium multihospitium Han et al. 2008
  • Rhizobium oryzicola Zhang et al. 2015
  • "Rhizobium oryzihabitans" Zhao et al. 2020
  • Rhizobium pakistanense corrig. Khalid et al. 2015[Note 2]
  • "Rhizobium panacihumi" Kang et al. 2019
  • Rhizobium paranaense Dall'Agnol et al. 2014
  • Rhizobium phaseoli Dangeard 1926 (Approved Lists 1980)
  • "Rhizobium phenanthrenilyticum" Wen et al. 2011
  • Rhizobium pisi Ramírez-Bahena et al. 2008
  • "Rhizobium pongamiae" Kesari et al. 2013[12]
  • Rhizobium populi Rozahon et al. 2014
  • "Rhizobium populisoli" Shen et al. 2021
  • Rhizobium puerariae Boonsnongcheep et al. 2016
  • "Rhizobium qilianshanense" Xu et al. 2013[13]
  • "Rhizobium quercicola" Wang et al. 2022
  • "Rhizobium redzepovicii" Rajnovic et al. 2022
  • Rhizobium rhizogenes (Riker et al. 1930) Young et al. 2001
  • "Rhizobium rhizolycopersici" Thin et al. 2021
  • Rhizobium rhizoryzae Zhang et al. 2014
  • Rhizobium ruizarguesonis Jorrin et al. 2020
  • Rhizobium smilacinae Zhang et al. 2014[Note 2]
  • Rhizobium soli Yoon et al. 2010
  • Rhizobium sophorae Jiao et al. 2014
  • Rhizobium sophoriradicis Jiao et al. 2014
  • Rhizobium straminoryzae Lin et al. 2014
  • Rhizobium sullae Squartini et al. 2002
  • "Rhizobium terrae" Ruan et al. 2020
  • Rhizobium tibeticum Hou et al. 2009
  • Rhizobium tropici Martínez-Romero et al. 1991
  • Rhizobium tubonense Zhang et al. 2011
  • Rhizobium tumorigenes Kuzmanović et al. 2019
  • Rhizobium vallis Wang et al. 2011[14]
  • Rhizobium viscosum (Gasdorf et al. 1965) Flores-Félix et al. 2017
  • Rhizobium wenxiniae Gao et al. 2017[Note 2]
  • Rhizobium yanglingense Tan et al. 2001[15]
  • Rhizobium zeae Celador-Lera et al. 2017

Species in "parentheses" have been described, but not validated according to the Bacteriological Code.[10]

Phylogeny edit

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN).[10] The phylogeny is based on whole-genome analysis.[16]

Rhizobium

Rhizobium tubonense

Rhizobium rhizogenes

Rhizobium jaguaris

Rhizobium leucaenae

Rhizobium lusitanum

Rhizobium miluonense

Rhizobium freirei

Rhizobium tropici

Rhizobium hainanense

Rhizobium multihospitium

Rhizobium altiplani

Rhizobium grahamii

Rhizobium favelukesii

Rhizobium tibeticum

Rhizobium leguminosarum

Rhizobium laguerreae

Rhizobium aethiopicum

Rhizobium esperanzae

Rhizobium etli

outgroups

Notes edit

  1. ^ This species belongs in Pararhizobium, but hasn't been formally transferred, yet.
  2. ^ a b c d e These species belong in Neorhizobium, but haven't been formally transferred, yet.
  3. ^ This species belongs in Peteryoungia, but hasn't been formally transferred, yet.

References edit

  1. ^ Frank, B. (1889). "Über die Pilzsymbiose der Leguminosen". Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft. 7: 332–346.
  2. ^ Skerman, VB; McGowan, V; Sneath, PH (1980). "Approved lists of bacterial names". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 30: 225–420. doi:10.1099/00207713-30-1-225.
  3. ^ Thilakarathna, Malinda S.; Raizada, Manish N. (2018-01-01). "Visualizing Glutamine Accumulation in Root Systems Involved in the Legume–Rhizobia Symbiosis by Placement on Agar Embedded with Companion Biosensor Cells". Phytobiomes Journal. 2 (3): 117–128. doi:10.1094/PBIOMES-07-18-0031-TA.
  4. ^ Sawada, Hiroyuki; Kuykendall, L. David; Young, John M. (June 2003). "Changing concepts in the systematics of bacterial nitrogen-fixing legume symbionts". The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology. 49 (3): 155–79. doi:10.2323/jgam.49.155. PMID 12949698.
  5. ^ Sridevi, M; Mallaiah, KV (March 2009). "Phosphate solubilization by Rhizobium strains". Indian Journal of Microbiology. 49 (1): 98–102. doi:10.1007/s12088-009-0005-1. PMC 3450048. PMID 23100757.
  6. ^ Beijerinck, Martinus W. (1888). "Die Bacteriender Papilionaceenknöllchen". Bot.Ztg. 46.
  7. ^ "Marvelous Microbe Collections Accelerate Discoveries To Protect People, Plants—and More!". Agricultural Research. United States Department of Agriculture. January 2010. Retrieved 10 August 2018.
  8. ^ Salter, Susannah J.; Cox, Michael J.; Turek, Elena M.; Calus, Szymon T.; Cookson, William O.; Moffatt, Miriam F.; et al. (November 2014). "Reagent and laboratory contamination can critically impact sequence-based microbiome analyses". BMC Biology. 12: 87. bioRxiv 10.1101/007187. doi:10.1186/s12915-014-0087-z. ISSN 1741-7007. PMC 4228153. PMID 25387460.
  9. ^ Kulakov, Leonid A.; McAlister, Morven B.; Ogden, Kimberly L.; Larkin, Michael J.; O'Hanlon, John F. (April 2002). "Analysis of bacteria contaminating ultrapure water in industrial systems". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 68 (4): 1548–1555. doi:10.1128/AEM.68.4.1548-1555.2002. PMC 123900. PMID 11916667.
  10. ^ a b c Euzéby, JP; Parte, AC. "Rhizobiaceae". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved September 16, 2022.
  11. ^ Diange, Eboa Adolf; Lee, Sang-Seob (June 2013). "Rhizobium halotolerans sp. nov., Isolated from chloroethylenes contaminated soil". Current Microbiology. 66 (6): 599–605. doi:10.1007/s00284-013-0313-x. PMID 23377488. S2CID 17809044.
  12. ^ Kesari, Vigya; Ramesh, Aadi Moolam; Rangan, Latha (2013). "Rhizobium pongamiae sp. nov. from root nodules of Pongamia pinnata". BioMed Research International. 2013: 165198. doi:10.1155/2013/165198. PMC 3783817. PMID 24078904.
  13. ^ Xu, Lin; Zhang, Yong; Deng, Zheng Shan; Zhao, Liang; Wei, Xiu Li; Wei, Ge Hong (March 2013). "Rhizobium qilianshanense sp. nov., a novel species isolated from root nodule of Oxytropis ochrocephala Bunge in China". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 103 (3): 559–65. doi:10.1007/s10482-012-9840-x. PMID 23142858. S2CID 18660422.
  14. ^ Wang, Fang; Wang, En Tao; Wu, Li Juan; Sui, Xin Hua; Li, Ying Li; Chen, Wen Xin (November 2011). "Rhizobium vallis sp. nov., isolated from nodules of three leguminous species". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 61 (11): 2582–2588. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.026484-0. PMID 21131504.
  15. ^ Silva, Claudia; Vinuesa, Pablo; Eguiarte, Luis E; Souza, Valeria; Martínez-Romero, Esperanza (November 2005). "Evolutionary genetics and biogeographic structure of Rhizobium gallicum sensu lato, a widely distributed bacterial symbiont of diverse legumes". Molecular Ecology. 14 (13): 4033–50. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02721.x. PMID 16262857. S2CID 16668742.
  16. ^ Hördt, Anton; López, Marina García; Meier-Kolthoff, Jan P.; Schleuning, Marcel; Weinhold, Lisa-Maria; Tindall, Brian J.; Gronow, Sabine; Kyrpides, Nikos C.; Woyke, Tanja; Göker, Markus (7 April 2020). "Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of Alphaproteobacteria". Frontiers in Microbiology. 11: 468. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00468. PMC 7179689. PMID 32373076.

External links edit

  • Current research on nitrogen fixation by rhizobia at the Norwich Research Park
  • Video and commentary on root nodules and Rhizobium in White Clover

January 01, 1970
rhizobium, this, article, about, bacterial, genus, generic, term, that, includes, species, other, genera, rhizobia, genus, gram, negative, soil, bacteria, that, nitrogen, species, form, endosymbiotic, nitrogen, fixing, association, with, roots, primarily, legu. This article is about the bacterial genus For the generic term that includes species in other genera see Rhizobia Rhizobium is a genus of Gram negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen Rhizobium species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen fixing association with roots of primarily legumes and other flowering plants Rhizobium Rhizobium tropici on an agar plate Tryptone Yeast extract agar Scientific classification Domain Bacteria Phylum Pseudomonadota Class Alphaproteobacteria Order Hyphomicrobiales Family Rhizobiaceae Genus RhizobiumFrank 1889 Approved Lists 1980 1 2 Type species Rhizobium leguminosarum Frank 1879 Frank 1889 Approved Lists 1980 Species See text The bacteria colonize plant cells to form root nodules where they convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia using the enzyme nitrogenase The ammonia is shared with the host plant in the form of organic nitrogenous compounds such as glutamine or ureides 3 The plant in turn provides the bacteria with organic compounds made by photosynthesis This mutually beneficial relationship is true of all of the rhizobia of which the genus Rhizobium is a typical example 4 Rhizobium is also capable of solubilizing phosphate 5 Contents 1 History 2 Research 3 Species 4 Phylogeny 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksHistory editMartinus Beijerinck was the first to isolate and cultivate a microorganism from the nodules of legumes in 1888 6 He named it Bacillus radicicola which is now placed in Bergey s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology under the genus Rhizobium Research editRhizobium forms a symbiotic relationship with certain plants such as legumes fixing nitrogen from the air into ammonia which acts as a natural fertilizer for the plants The Agricultural Research Service is conducting research involving the genetic mapping of various rhizobial species with their respective symbiotic plant species like alfalfa or soybean The goal of this research is to increase the plants productivity without using fertilizers 7 In molecular biology Rhizobium has been identified as a contaminant of DNA extraction kit reagents and ultrapure water systems which may lead to its erroneous appearance in microbiota or metagenomic datasets 8 The presence of nitrogen fixing bacteria as contaminants may be due to the use of nitrogen gas in ultra pure water production to inhibit microbial growth in storage tanks 9 Species editThe genus Rhizobium comprises the following species 10 Rhizobium acidisoli Roman Ponce et al 2016 Rhizobium aegyptiacum Shamseldin et al 2016 Rhizobium aethiopicum Aserse et al 2017 Rhizobium alamii Berge et al 2009 Rhizobium album Hang et al 2019 Rhizobium albus Li et al 2017 Rhizobium altiplani Barauna et al 2016 Rhizobium alvei Sheu et al 2015 Rhizobium anhuiense Zhang et al 2015 Rhizobium aquaticum Mathe et al 2019 Rhizobium arachis Wang et al 2001 Rhizobium arenae Zhang et al 2017 Note 1 Rhizobium arsenicireducens Mohapatra et al 2020 Rhizobium azooxidifex Behrendt et al 2016 Rhizobium bangladeshense Rashid et al 2015 Rhizobium binae Rashid et al 2015 Rhizobium calliandrae Rincon Rosales et al 2013 Rhizobium capsici Lin et al 2015 Rhizobium cauense Liu et al 2015 Rhizobium cellulosilyticum Garcia Fraile et al 2007 Note 2 Rhizobium changzhiense Zhang et al 2021 Rhizobium chutanense Huo et al 2019 Rhizobium cremeum Yang et al 2022 Rhizobium croatiense Rajnovic et al 2022 Rhizobium deserti Liu et al 2020 Note 2 Rhizobium dioscoreae Ouyabe et al 2020 Rhizobium ecuadorense Ribeiro et al 2015 Rhizobium endophyticum Lopez Lopez et al 2010 Rhizobium esperanzae Cordeiro et al 2017 Rhizobium etli Segovia et al 1993 Rhizobium favelukesii Torres Tejerizo et al 2016 Rhizobium flavescens Su et al 2021 Rhizobium freirei Dall Agnol et al 2013 Rhizobium gallicum Amarger et al 1997 Rhizobium gei Shi et al 2016 Rhizobium glycinendophyticum Wang et al 2020 Note 3 Rhizobium grahamii Lopez Lopez et al 2011 Rhizobium hainanense Chen et al 1997 Rhizobium halophytocola Bibi et al 2012 Rhizobium halotolerans Diange and Lee 2013 11 Rhizobium hedysari Casella et al 1986 Rhizobium hedysari Xu et al 2017 Rhizobium hedysarum Casella et al 1984 Rhizobium helianthi Wei et al 2015 Rhizobium hidalgonense Yan et al 2020 Rhizobium indicum Rahi et al 2020 Rhizobium indigoferae Wei et al 2002 Rhizobium jaguaris Rincon Rosales et al 2013 Rhizobium kunmingense Shen et al 2010 Rhizobium laguerreae Saidi et al 2014 Rhizobium leguminosarum Frank 1879 Frank 1889 Approved Lists 1980 Rhizobium lemnae Kittiwongwattana amp Thawai 2014 Rhizobium lentis Rashid et al 2015 Rhizobium leucaenae Ribeiro et al 2011 Rhizobium lusitanum Valverde et al 2006 Candidatus Rhizobium massiliense Greub et al 2004 Rhizobium mayense Rincon Rosales et al 2013 Rhizobium mesoamericanum Lopez Lopez et al 2011 Rhizobium mesosinicum Lin et al 2009 Rhizobium metallidurans Grison et al 2015 Rhizobium miluonense Gu et al 2008 Rhizobium mongolense van Berkum et al 1998 Rhizobium multihospitium Han et al 2008 Rhizobium oryzicola Zhang et al 2015 Rhizobium oryzihabitans Zhao et al 2020 Rhizobium pakistanense corrig Khalid et al 2015 Note 2 Rhizobium panacihumi Kang et al 2019 Rhizobium paranaense Dall Agnol et al 2014 Rhizobium phaseoli Dangeard 1926 Approved Lists 1980 Rhizobium phenanthrenilyticum Wen et al 2011 Rhizobium pisi Ramirez Bahena et al 2008 Rhizobium pongamiae Kesari et al 2013 12 Rhizobium populi Rozahon et al 2014 Rhizobium populisoli Shen et al 2021 Rhizobium puerariae Boonsnongcheep et al 2016 Rhizobium qilianshanense Xu et al 2013 13 Rhizobium quercicola Wang et al 2022 Rhizobium redzepovicii Rajnovic et al 2022 Rhizobium rhizogenes Riker et al 1930 Young et al 2001 Rhizobium rhizolycopersici Thin et al 2021 Rhizobium rhizoryzae Zhang et al 2014 Rhizobium ruizarguesonis Jorrin et al 2020 Rhizobium smilacinae Zhang et al 2014 Note 2 Rhizobium soli Yoon et al 2010 Rhizobium sophorae Jiao et al 2014 Rhizobium sophoriradicis Jiao et al 2014 Rhizobium straminoryzae Lin et al 2014 Rhizobium sullae Squartini et al 2002 Rhizobium terrae Ruan et al 2020 Rhizobium tibeticum Hou et al 2009 Rhizobium tropici Martinez Romero et al 1991 Rhizobium tubonense Zhang et al 2011 Rhizobium tumorigenes Kuzmanovic et al 2019 Rhizobium vallis Wang et al 2011 14 Rhizobium viscosum Gasdorf et al 1965 Flores Felix et al 2017 Rhizobium wenxiniae Gao et al 2017 Note 2 Rhizobium yanglingense Tan et al 2001 15 Rhizobium zeae Celador Lera et al 2017 Species in parentheses have been described but not validated according to the Bacteriological Code 10 Phylogeny editThe currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature LPSN 10 The phylogeny is based on whole genome analysis 16 Rhizobium Rhizobium tubonense Rhizobium rhizogenes Rhizobium jaguaris Rhizobium leucaenae Rhizobium lusitanum Rhizobium miluonense Rhizobium freirei Rhizobium tropici Rhizobium hainanense Rhizobium multihospitium Rhizobium altiplani Rhizobium grahamii Rhizobium favelukesii Rhizobium tibeticum Rhizobium loessense Rhizobium mongolense Rhizobium leguminosarum Rhizobium laguerreae Rhizobium aethiopicum Rhizobium esperanzae Rhizobium etli outgroups Allorhizobium Ciceribacter Agrobacterium Pseudorhizobium NeorhizobiumNotes edit This species belongs in Pararhizobium but hasn t been formally transferred yet a b c d e These species belong in Neorhizobium but haven t been formally transferred yet This species belongs in Peteryoungia but hasn t been formally transferred yet References edit Frank B 1889 Uber die Pilzsymbiose der Leguminosen Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft 7 332 346 Skerman VB McGowan V Sneath PH 1980 Approved lists of bacterial names International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 30 225 420 doi 10 1099 00207713 30 1 225 Thilakarathna Malinda S Raizada Manish N 2018 01 01 Visualizing Glutamine Accumulation in Root Systems Involved in the Legume Rhizobia Symbiosis by Placement on Agar Embedded with Companion Biosensor Cells Phytobiomes Journal 2 3 117 128 doi 10 1094 PBIOMES 07 18 0031 TA Sawada Hiroyuki Kuykendall L David Young John M June 2003 Changing concepts in the systematics of bacterial nitrogen fixing legume symbionts The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 49 3 155 79 doi 10 2323 jgam 49 155 PMID 12949698 Sridevi M Mallaiah KV March 2009 Phosphate solubilization by Rhizobium strains Indian Journal of Microbiology 49 1 98 102 doi 10 1007 s12088 009 0005 1 PMC 3450048 PMID 23100757 Beijerinck Martinus W 1888 Die Bacteriender Papilionaceenknollchen Bot Ztg 46 Marvelous Microbe Collections Accelerate Discoveries To Protect People Plants and More Agricultural Research United States Department of Agriculture January 2010 Retrieved 10 August 2018 Salter Susannah J Cox Michael J Turek Elena M Calus Szymon T Cookson William O Moffatt Miriam F et al November 2014 Reagent and laboratory contamination can critically impact sequence based microbiome analyses BMC Biology 12 87 bioRxiv 10 1101 007187 doi 10 1186 s12915 014 0087 z ISSN 1741 7007 PMC 4228153 PMID 25387460 Kulakov Leonid A McAlister Morven B Ogden Kimberly L Larkin Michael J O Hanlon John F April 2002 Analysis of bacteria contaminating ultrapure water in industrial systems Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68 4 1548 1555 doi 10 1128 AEM 68 4 1548 1555 2002 PMC 123900 PMID 11916667 a b c Euzeby JP Parte AC Rhizobiaceae List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature LPSN Retrieved September 16 2022 Diange Eboa Adolf Lee Sang Seob June 2013 Rhizobium halotolerans sp nov Isolated from chloroethylenes contaminated soil Current Microbiology 66 6 599 605 doi 10 1007 s00284 013 0313 x PMID 23377488 S2CID 17809044 Kesari Vigya Ramesh Aadi Moolam Rangan Latha 2013 Rhizobium pongamiae sp nov from root nodules of Pongamia pinnata BioMed Research International 2013 165198 doi 10 1155 2013 165198 PMC 3783817 PMID 24078904 Xu Lin Zhang Yong Deng Zheng Shan Zhao Liang Wei Xiu Li Wei Ge Hong March 2013 Rhizobium qilianshanense sp nov a novel species isolated from root nodule of Oxytropis ochrocephala Bunge in China Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 103 3 559 65 doi 10 1007 s10482 012 9840 x PMID 23142858 S2CID 18660422 Wang Fang Wang En Tao Wu Li Juan Sui Xin Hua Li Ying Li Chen Wen Xin November 2011 Rhizobium vallis sp nov isolated from nodules of three leguminous species International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 61 11 2582 2588 doi 10 1099 ijs 0 026484 0 PMID 21131504 Silva Claudia Vinuesa Pablo Eguiarte Luis E Souza Valeria Martinez Romero Esperanza November 2005 Evolutionary genetics and biogeographic structure of Rhizobium gallicum sensu lato a widely distributed bacterial symbiont of diverse legumes Molecular Ecology 14 13 4033 50 doi 10 1111 j 1365 294X 2005 02721 x PMID 16262857 S2CID 16668742 Hordt Anton Lopez Marina Garcia Meier Kolthoff Jan P Schleuning Marcel Weinhold Lisa Maria Tindall Brian J Gronow Sabine Kyrpides Nikos C Woyke Tanja Goker Markus 7 April 2020 Analysis of 1 000 Type Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of Alphaproteobacteria Frontiers in Microbiology 11 468 doi 10 3389 fmicb 2020 00468 PMC 7179689 PMID 32373076 External links editCurrent research on nitrogen fixation by rhizobia at the Norwich Research Park Video and commentary on root nodules and Rhizobium in White Clover Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Rhizobium amp oldid 1218418713, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.