Snub-nosed monkeys are a group of Old World monkeys and make up the entirety of the genusRhinopithecus. The genus is rare and not fully researched. Some taxonomists group snub-nosed monkeys together with the genus Pygathrix.
Snub-nosed monkeys live in Asia, with a range covering southern China (especially Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou) extending into the northern parts of Myanmar and Vietnam. Snub-nosed monkeys inhabit mountain forests up to elevations of more than 4,000 m (13,000 ft). In the winter, they move into the deeply secluded regions. Higher elevation areas are more remote and difficult for humans to access and utilize and other studies have found less deforestation, more reforestation and afforestation, less range contraction, and less extinction in topographically steep areas. All Rhinopithecus species inhabit primary forest and grid cells with tree cover ≥ 75% might constitute important potential habitat.[1]
Descriptionedit
These monkeys are named for the short stump of a nose on their round faces, with nostrils arranged forward. They have relatively multicolored and long fur, particularly at the shoulders and backs. They grow to a length of 51–83 cm (20–33 in) with a tail of 55–97 cm (22–38 in).
Behavioredit
Snub-nosed monkeys spend the majority of their life in the trees. They live together in very large groups of up to 600 members, splitting up into smaller groups in times of food-scarcity, such as in the winter. Groups consist of many more males than females. They have territorial instincts, defending their territory mostly with shouts. They have a large vocal repertoire, calling sometimes solo while at other times together in choir-like fashion.
Dietedit
The diet of these animals consists mainly of tree needles, bamboo buds, fruits and leaves. A multi-chambered stomach helps them with digesting their food.
Breedingedit
The impulse for mating starts with the female. She takes up eye contact with the male and runs away a short bit, then flashes her genitals. If the male shows interest (which does not always occur), he joins the female and they mate. The 200-day gestation period ends with a single birth in late spring or early summer. Young animals become fully mature in about six to seven years. Zoologists know little about their lifespan.
Golden snub-nosed monkey communities with large populations have high genetic diversity, but also show higher levels of recent inbreeding than other snub-nosed monkeys.[7]
^Nüchel, Jonas; Bøcher, Peder Klith; Xiao, Wen; et al. (2018-01-23). "Snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus): potential distribution and its implication for conservation". Biodiversity and Conservation. 27 (6): 1517–1538. doi:10.1007/s10531-018-1507-0. ISSN 0960-3115. PMC6560942. PMID 31258260.
^ abcYongcheng, L.; Richardson, M. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Rhinopithecus roxellana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T19596A196491153. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T19596A196491153.en.
^ abcLong, Y.; Bleisch, W. V.; Richardson, M. (2020). "Rhinopithecus bieti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T19597A17943738. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T19597A17943738.en.
^ abcLong, Y.; Li, B.; Zhou, J.; Ren, B.; Garber, A. (2022). "Rhinopithecus brelichi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T19595A215621115. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T19595A215621115.en.
^ abcQuyet, L. K.; Rawson, B. M.; Duc, H.; Nadler, T.; Covert, H.; Ang, A. (2020). "Rhinopithecus avunculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T19594A17944213. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T19594A17944213.en.
^ abcGeissmann, T.; Momberg, F.; Whitten, T. (2020). "Rhinopithecus strykeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T13508501A17943490. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T13508501A17943490.en.
^Kuang, W.; Hu, J.; et al. (December 2020). "Genetic diversity, inbreeding level, and genetic load in endangered snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus)". Frontiers in Genetics. 11: 615926. doi:10.3389/fgene.2020.615926.
^ ab. ARKive. Wildscreen. Archived from the original on September 9, 2015. Retrieved December 16, 2013.
^Geissmann, T.; Lwin, N.; Aung, S. S.; Aung, T. N.; Aung, Z. M.; Hla, T. H.; Grindley, M.; Momberg, F. (2011). "A new species of snub-nosed monkey, genus Rhinopithecus Milne-Edwards, 1872 (Primates, Colobinae), from northern Kachin state, northeastern Myanmar". American Journal of Primatology. 73 (1): 96–107. doi:10.1002/ajp.20894. PMID 20981682. S2CID 467234. from the original on June 8, 2023. Retrieved August 24, 2023.
^Yang, Y.; Groves, C.; Garber, P.; Wang, X.; Li, H.; Long, Y.; Li, G.; Tian, Y.; Dong, S. (2019). "First insights into the feeding habits of the Critically Endangered black snub-nosed monkey, Rhinopithecus strykeri (Colobinae, Primates)". Primates. 60 (2): 143–153. doi:10.1007/s10329-019-00717-0. PMID 30847671. S2CID 71145324.
snub, nosed, monkey, group, world, monkeys, make, entirety, genus, rhinopithecus, genus, rare, fully, researched, some, taxonomists, group, snub, nosed, monkeys, together, with, genus, pygathrix, golden, snub, nosed, monkey, rhinopithecus, roxellana, scientifi. Snub nosed monkeys are a group of Old World monkeys and make up the entirety of the genus Rhinopithecus The genus is rare and not fully researched Some taxonomists group snub nosed monkeys together with the genus Pygathrix Snub nosed monkeys Golden snub nosed monkey Rhinopithecus roxellana Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Primates Suborder Haplorhini Infraorder Simiiformes Family Cercopithecidae Tribe Presbytini Genus RhinopithecusA Milne Edwards 1872 Type species Semnopithecus roxellanaA Milne Edwards 1872 Species See text Contents 1 Distribution and habitat 2 Description 3 Behavior 4 Diet 5 Breeding 6 Conservation 7 Species 8 See also 9 References 10 External linksDistribution and habitat editSnub nosed monkeys live in Asia with a range covering southern China especially Tibet Sichuan Yunnan and Guizhou extending into the northern parts of Myanmar and Vietnam Snub nosed monkeys inhabit mountain forests up to elevations of more than 4 000 m 13 000 ft In the winter they move into the deeply secluded regions Higher elevation areas are more remote and difficult for humans to access and utilize and other studies have found less deforestation more reforestation and afforestation less range contraction and less extinction in topographically steep areas All Rhinopithecus species inhabit primary forest and grid cells with tree cover 75 might constitute important potential habitat 1 Description editThese monkeys are named for the short stump of a nose on their round faces with nostrils arranged forward They have relatively multicolored and long fur particularly at the shoulders and backs They grow to a length of 51 83 cm 20 33 in with a tail of 55 97 cm 22 38 in Behavior editSnub nosed monkeys spend the majority of their life in the trees They live together in very large groups of up to 600 members splitting up into smaller groups in times of food scarcity such as in the winter Groups consist of many more males than females They have territorial instincts defending their territory mostly with shouts They have a large vocal repertoire calling sometimes solo while at other times together in choir like fashion Diet editThe diet of these animals consists mainly of tree needles bamboo buds fruits and leaves A multi chambered stomach helps them with digesting their food Breeding editThe impulse for mating starts with the female She takes up eye contact with the male and runs away a short bit then flashes her genitals If the male shows interest which does not always occur he joins the female and they mate The 200 day gestation period ends with a single birth in late spring or early summer Young animals become fully mature in about six to seven years Zoologists know little about their lifespan Conservation editThe golden 2 and black and white snub nosed monkeys 3 are both endangered species while the other three species are critically endangered 4 5 6 Golden snub nosed monkey communities with large populations have high genetic diversity but also show higher levels of recent inbreeding than other snub nosed monkeys 7 Species editGenus Rhinopithecus A Milne Edwards 1872 five species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Black and white snub nosed monkey nbsp R bieti A Milne Edwards 1897 Southern China nbsp Size 74 83 cm 29 33 in long plus 51 72 cm 20 28 in tail 8 Habitat Forest 3 Diet Leaves fruit and lichen 8 EN 1 000 nbsp 3 Golden snub nosed monkey nbsp R roxellana A Milne Edwards 1870 Three subspecies R r hubeiensis Hubei golden snub nosed monkey R r qinlingensis Qinling golden snub nosed monkey R r roxellana Moupin golden snub nosed monkey Central China nbsp Size 57 76 cm 22 30 in long plus 51 72 cm 20 28 in tail 9 Habitat Forest 2 Diet Leaves bark and lichen as well as buds and fruit seeds 9 EN Unknown nbsp 2 Gray snub nosed monkey nbsp R brelichi Thomas 1903 Central China nbsp Size About 64 73 cm 25 29 in long plus 70 97 cm 28 38 in tail 10 Habitat Forest 4 Diet Leaves buds fruit seeds and bark as well as insect larvae 10 CR 200 nbsp 4 Myanmar snub nosed monkey nbsp R strykeri Geissmann et al 2010 Northern Myanmar nbsp Size About 56 cm 22 in long plus 78 cm 31 in tail 11 Habitat Forest 6 Diet Leaves fruit seeds buds flowers twigs and bark 12 CR 350 400 nbsp 6 Tonkin snub nosed monkey nbsp R avunculus Dollman 1912 Northern Vietnam nbsp Size 51 65 cm 20 26 in long plus 66 92 cm 26 36 in tail 13 Habitat Forest 5 Diet Leaves fruit flowers and seeds 13 CR 80 100 nbsp 5 See also editWildlife of ChinaReferences edit Nuchel Jonas Bocher Peder Klith Xiao Wen et al 2018 01 23 Snub nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus potential distribution and its implication for conservation Biodiversity and Conservation 27 6 1517 1538 doi 10 1007 s10531 018 1507 0 ISSN 0960 3115 PMC 6560942 PMID 31258260 a b c Yongcheng L Richardson M 2021 amended version of 2020 assessment Rhinopithecus roxellana IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021 e T19596A196491153 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2021 1 RLTS T19596A196491153 en a b c Long Y Bleisch W V Richardson M 2020 Rhinopithecus bieti IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020 e T19597A17943738 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2020 2 RLTS T19597A17943738 en a b c Long Y Li B Zhou J Ren B Garber A 2022 Rhinopithecus brelichi IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022 e T19595A215621115 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2022 1 RLTS T19595A215621115 en a b c Quyet L K Rawson B M Duc H Nadler T Covert H Ang A 2020 Rhinopithecus avunculus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020 e T19594A17944213 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2020 2 RLTS T19594A17944213 en a b c Geissmann T Momberg F Whitten T 2020 Rhinopithecus strykeri IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020 e T13508501A17943490 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2020 2 RLTS T13508501A17943490 en Kuang W Hu J et al December 2020 Genetic diversity inbreeding level and genetic load in endangered snub nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus Frontiers in Genetics 11 615926 doi 10 3389 fgene 2020 615926 a b Deng Xin 2020 Rhinopithecus bieti Animal Diversity Web University of Michigan Archived from the original on August 12 2023 Retrieved July 24 2023 a b Munoz Peter 2023 Rhinopithecus roxellana Animal Diversity Web University of Michigan Archived from the original on August 12 2023 Retrieved July 24 2023 a b Grey snub nosed monkey Rhinopithecus brelichi ARKive Wildscreen Archived from the original on September 9 2015 Retrieved December 16 2013 Geissmann T Lwin N Aung S S Aung T N Aung Z M Hla T H Grindley M Momberg F 2011 A new species of snub nosed monkey genus Rhinopithecus Milne Edwards 1872 Primates Colobinae from northern Kachin state northeastern Myanmar American Journal of Primatology 73 1 96 107 doi 10 1002 ajp 20894 PMID 20981682 S2CID 467234 Archived from the original on June 8 2023 Retrieved August 24 2023 Yang Y Groves C Garber P Wang X Li H Long Y Li G Tian Y Dong S 2019 First insights into the feeding habits of the Critically Endangered black snub nosed monkey Rhinopithecus strykeri Colobinae Primates Primates 60 2 143 153 doi 10 1007 s10329 019 00717 0 PMID 30847671 S2CID 71145324 a b Cherka Rachel 2014 Rhinopithecus avunculus Animal Diversity Web University of Michigan Archived from the original on August 12 2023 Retrieved July 24 2023 External links edit nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Snub nosed monkey Snub nosed monkey media from ARKive Snub nosed monkey media from ARKive Primate Info Net Rhinopithecus Factsheets Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Snub nosed monkey amp oldid 1220030515, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
