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Reichsgau Sudetenland

May 17, 2023

The Reichsgau Sudetenland was an administrative division of Nazi Germany from 1939 to 1945. It comprised the northern part of the Sudetenland territory, which was annexed from Czechoslovakia according to the 30 September 1938 Munich Agreement. The Reichsgau was headed by the former Sudeten German Party leader, now Nazi Party functionary Konrad Henlein as Gauleiter and Reichsstatthalter.[1] From October 1938 to May 1939, it was the regional subdivision of the Nazi Party in that area, also under Henlein's leadership. The administrative capital was Reichenberg (Liberec).

Reichsgau Sudetenland
Gau of Nazi Germany
1939–1945
Flag
Coat of arms

Map of the Gaue of Germany in 1944. The Reichsgau Sudetenland is in blue.
CapitalReichenberg
DemonymSudetendeutsche
Area 
• 1939
22,608.23 km2 (8,729.09 sq mi)
Population 
• 17 May, 1939
2,943,187
History
Government
Gauleiter 
• 1938–1945
Konrad Henlein
History 
30 September 1938
• Reichsgau established
1 May 1939
8 May 1945
Today part ofCzech Republic

History

 
Ethnic Germans in Komotau, Sudetenland, greet German soldiers with the Nazi salute, 1938

In the course of the German occupation of Czechoslovakia, on 30 September 1938 the Heads of Government of the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Germany signed the Munich Agreement, which enforced the cession of the Sudetenland to Germany. Czechoslovak representatives were not invited. On 1 October, invading Wehrmacht forces occupied the territory. The new Czechoslovak-German borders were officially fixed in a treaty on 21 November 1938. In consequence, the Czechoslovak Republic lost about one third of its population, its most important industrial area, and also its extended border fortifications.[2][3]

Initially, the German Army (Heer) established a civil administration under occupational law. On 30 October 1938, Konrad Henlein was appointed Gauleiter and Reichskommissar of Sudetenland.[4][5] The Sudeten German Party was merged into the Nazi Party, all other political parties were banned. The Czech population had to accept German citizenship or were expelled and forcibly relocated to the Czechoslovak rump state, which itself from 15 March 1939 was occupied by Germany and incorporated as the "Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia".

After the proclamation of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, the Reichsgau was formally established by law on 25 March 1939, in effect from 15 April, borders were adjusted and the administrative structure was fixed on May 1. Konrad Henlein was named Reichsstatthalter.[6] The administrative capital was Reichenberg (Liberec). Smaller areas in the east, such as the Hlučín Region, were ceded to the Prussian Province of Silesia, while the western and southern Sudetenland territories were attached to the Bavarian Gau Bayreuth as well as to the Austrian Reichsgaue Oberdonau and Niederdonau.

After Germany's defeat in World War II, the Czechoslovak state was re-established and the Sudeten German population was expelled.

The Theresienstadt concentration camp was located in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, near the border to the Reichsgau Sudetenland. It was designed to concentrate the Jewish population from the Protectorate and gradually move them to extermination camps and also held Western European and German Jews. While not an extermination camp itself the harsh and unhygienic conditions still resulted in the death of 33,000 of the 140,000 Jews brought to the camp while a further 88,000 were sent to extermination camps and only 19,000 survived.[7]

Gauleiter

Administration

 
Administrative divisions
See also: Municipalities in Sudetenland

The Reichsgau Sudetenland was divided into three Regierungsbezirke. These were subdivided into 58 districts (Kreise), largely corresponding to the former Czechoslovak okresy:[8]

Regierungsbezirk Aussig

President:

Urban districts

  1. Aussig
  2. Reichenberg

Rural districts

  1. Aussig
  2. Bilin
  3. Böhmisch Leipa
  4. Braunau
  5. Brüx
  6. Dauba
  7. Deutsch Gabel
  8. Dux
  9. Friedland (Isergebirge)
  10. Gablonz an der Neiße
  11. Hohenelbe
  12. Komotau
  13. Leitmeritz
  14. Reichenberg
  15. Rumburg
  16. Schluckenau
  17. Teplitz-Schönau
  18. Tetschen-Bodenbach
  19. Trautenau
  20. Warnsdorf

Regierungsbezirk Eger

President:

  • 1939–1940: Wilhelm Sebekovsky
  • 1940–1945: Karl Müller

Urban districts

 
Karlsbad in 1941
  1. Eger
  2. Karlsbad

Rural districts

  1. Asch
  2. Bischofteinitz
  3. Eger
  4. Elbogen
  5. Falkenau an der Eger
  6. Graslitz
  7. Kaaden
  8. Karlsbad
  9. Luditz
  10. Marienbad
  11. Mies
  12. Neudek
  13. Podersam
  14. Preßnitz
  15. Saaz
  16. Sankt Joachimsthal
  17. Tachau
  18. Tepl

Regierungsbezirk Troppau

President:

  • 1939–1943: Friedrich Zippelius
  • 1943–1945: Karl Ferdinand Edler von der Planitz

Urban districts

  1. Troppau

Rural districts

  1. Bärn
  2. Freiwaldau
  3. Freudenthal
  4. Grulich
  5. Hohenstadt
  6. Jägerndorf
  7. Landskron
  8. Mährisch Schönberg
  9. Mährisch Trübau
  10. Neu Titschein
  11. Römerstadt
  12. Sternberg
  13. Troppau
  14. Wagstadt
  15. Zwittau

See also

References

  1. ^ .Michael D. Miller and Andreas Schulz. Gauleiter: The Regional Leaders of the Nazi Party and Their Deputies, 1925-1945, Vol. 1. R. James Bender Publishing. p. 474. ISBN 1-932970-21-5.
  2. ^ "Die NS-Gaue" [The Nazi Gaue]. dhm.de (in German). Deutsches Historisches Museum. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  3. ^ "Die Besetzung des Sudetengebietes 1938" [The occupation of the Sudetenland in 1938]. dhm.de (in German). Deutsches Historisches Museum. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  4. ^ "Henlein Named Leader", NY Times, 1 November 1938, page 16.
  5. ^ [Overview of Nazi Gaue, the Gauleiter and assistant Gauleiter from 1933 to 1945]. zukunft-braucht-erinnerung.de (in German). Zukunft braucht Erinnerung. 24 February 2007. Archived from the original on 26 May 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  6. ^ .Michael D. Miller and Andreas Schulz. Gauleiter: The Regional Leaders of the Nazi Party and Their Deputies, 1925-1945, Vol. 1. R. James Bender Publishing. p. 474. ISBN 1-932970-21-5.
  7. ^ "Theresienstadt" (PDF). yadvashem.org. Yad Vashem. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
  8. ^ "Reichsgau Sudetenland". verwaltungsgeschichte.de (in German). Retrieved 24 March 2016.

Further reading

External links

  • Illustrated list of Gauleiter


May 17, 2023
reichsgau, sudetenland, administrative, division, nazi, germany, from, 1939, 1945, comprised, northern, part, sudetenland, territory, which, annexed, from, czechoslovakia, according, september, 1938, munich, agreement, reichsgau, headed, former, sudeten, germa. The Reichsgau Sudetenland was an administrative division of Nazi Germany from 1939 to 1945 It comprised the northern part of the Sudetenland territory which was annexed from Czechoslovakia according to the 30 September 1938 Munich Agreement The Reichsgau was headed by the former Sudeten German Party leader now Nazi Party functionary Konrad Henlein as Gauleiter and Reichsstatthalter 1 From October 1938 to May 1939 it was the regional subdivision of the Nazi Party in that area also under Henlein s leadership The administrative capital was Reichenberg Liberec Reichsgau SudetenlandGau of Nazi Germany1939 1945Flag Coat of armsMap of the Gaue of Germany in 1944 The Reichsgau Sudetenland is in blue CapitalReichenbergDemonymSudetendeutscheArea 193922 608 23 km2 8 729 09 sq mi Population 17 May 19392 943 187HistoryGovernmentGauleiter 1938 1945Konrad HenleinHistory Munich Agreement30 September 1938 Reichsgau established1 May 1939 German surrender8 May 1945Preceded by Succeeded byFirst Czechoslovak Republic Third Czechoslovak RepublicToday part ofCzech Republic Contents 1 History 2 Gauleiter 3 Administration 3 1 Regierungsbezirk Aussig 3 1 1 Urban districts 3 1 2 Rural districts 3 2 Regierungsbezirk Eger 3 2 1 Urban districts 3 2 2 Rural districts 3 3 Regierungsbezirk Troppau 3 3 1 Urban districts 3 3 2 Rural districts 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksHistory Edit Ethnic Germans in Komotau Sudetenland greet German soldiers with the Nazi salute 1938 In the course of the German occupation of Czechoslovakia on 30 September 1938 the Heads of Government of the United Kingdom France Italy and Germany signed the Munich Agreement which enforced the cession of the Sudetenland to Germany Czechoslovak representatives were not invited On 1 October invading Wehrmacht forces occupied the territory The new Czechoslovak German borders were officially fixed in a treaty on 21 November 1938 In consequence the Czechoslovak Republic lost about one third of its population its most important industrial area and also its extended border fortifications 2 3 Initially the German Army Heer established a civil administration under occupational law On 30 October 1938 Konrad Henlein was appointed Gauleiter and Reichskommissar of Sudetenland 4 5 The Sudeten German Party was merged into the Nazi Party all other political parties were banned The Czech population had to accept German citizenship or were expelled and forcibly relocated to the Czechoslovak rump state which itself from 15 March 1939 was occupied by Germany and incorporated as the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia After the proclamation of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia the Reichsgau was formally established by law on 25 March 1939 in effect from 15 April borders were adjusted and the administrative structure was fixed on May 1 Konrad Henlein was named Reichsstatthalter 6 The administrative capital was Reichenberg Liberec Smaller areas in the east such as the Hlucin Region were ceded to the Prussian Province of Silesia while the western and southern Sudetenland territories were attached to the Bavarian Gau Bayreuth as well as to the Austrian Reichsgaue Oberdonau and Niederdonau After Germany s defeat in World War II the Czechoslovak state was re established and the Sudeten German population was expelled The Theresienstadt concentration camp was located in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia near the border to the Reichsgau Sudetenland It was designed to concentrate the Jewish population from the Protectorate and gradually move them to extermination camps and also held Western European and German Jews While not an extermination camp itself the harsh and unhygienic conditions still resulted in the death of 33 000 of the 140 000 Jews brought to the camp while a further 88 000 were sent to extermination camps and only 19 000 survived 7 Gauleiter EditKonrad Henlein 30 October 1938 to 8 May 1945Administration Edit Administrative divisions See also Municipalities in Sudetenland The Reichsgau Sudetenland was divided into three Regierungsbezirke These were subdivided into 58 districts Kreise largely corresponding to the former Czechoslovak okresy 8 Regierungsbezirk Aussig Edit President 1939 1945 Hans KrebsUrban districts Edit Aussig ReichenbergRural districts Edit Aussig Bilin Bohmisch Leipa Braunau Brux Dauba Deutsch Gabel Dux Friedland Isergebirge Gablonz an der Neisse Hohenelbe Komotau Leitmeritz Reichenberg Rumburg Schluckenau Teplitz Schonau Tetschen Bodenbach Trautenau WarnsdorfRegierungsbezirk Eger Edit President 1939 1940 Wilhelm Sebekovsky 1940 1945 Karl MullerUrban districts Edit Karlsbad in 1941 Eger KarlsbadRural districts Edit Asch Bischofteinitz Eger Elbogen Falkenau an der Eger Graslitz Kaaden Karlsbad Luditz Marienbad Mies Neudek Podersam Pressnitz Saaz Sankt Joachimsthal Tachau TeplRegierungsbezirk Troppau Edit President 1939 1943 Friedrich Zippelius 1943 1945 Karl Ferdinand Edler von der PlanitzUrban districts Edit TroppauRural districts Edit Barn Freiwaldau Freudenthal Grulich Hohenstadt Jagerndorf Landskron Mahrisch Schonberg Mahrisch Trubau Neu Titschein Romerstadt Sternberg Troppau Wagstadt ZwittauSee also EditGauliga Sudetenland the highest association football league in the Gau from 1938 to 1945 The Holocaust in the SudetenlandReferences Edit Michael D Miller and Andreas Schulz Gauleiter The Regional Leaders of the Nazi Party and Their Deputies 1925 1945 Vol 1 R James Bender Publishing p 474 ISBN 1 932970 21 5 Die NS Gaue The Nazi Gaue dhm de in German Deutsches Historisches Museum Retrieved 24 March 2016 Die Besetzung des Sudetengebietes 1938 The occupation of the Sudetenland in 1938 dhm de in German Deutsches Historisches Museum Retrieved 24 March 2016 Henlein Named Leader NY Times 1 November 1938 page 16 Ubersicht der NSDAP Gaue der Gauleiter und der Stellvertretenden Gauleiter zwischen 1933 und 1945 Overview of Nazi Gaue the Gauleiter and assistant Gauleiter from 1933 to 1945 zukunft braucht erinnerung de in German Zukunft braucht Erinnerung 24 February 2007 Archived from the original on 26 May 2017 Retrieved 24 March 2016 Michael D Miller and Andreas Schulz Gauleiter The Regional Leaders of the Nazi Party and Their Deputies 1925 1945 Vol 1 R James Bender Publishing p 474 ISBN 1 932970 21 5 Theresienstadt PDF yadvashem org Yad Vashem Retrieved 13 April 2016 Reichsgau Sudetenland verwaltungsgeschichte de in German Retrieved 24 March 2016 Further reading EditSuppan Arnold 2019 The Reichsgau Sudetenland Hitler Benes Tito National Conflicts World Wars Genocides Expulsions and Divided Remembrance in East Central and Southeastern Europe 1848 2018 Vienna Austrian Academy of Sciences Press pp 475 484 ISBN 978 3 7001 8410 2 JSTOR j ctvvh867x External links EditIllustrated list of Gauleiter Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Reichsgau Sudetenland amp oldid 1123653618, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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