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Reginald Aldworth Daly

August 23, 2023

Reginald Aldworth Daly (March 18, 1871 – September 19, 1957) was a Canadian geologist.

Reginald Aldworth Daly
BornMarch 18, 1871
Napanee, Ontario
DiedSeptember 19, 1957 (1957-09-20) (aged 86)
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Alma materVictoria University, Toronto (B.A., 1891; S.B., 1892)
Harvard University (Ph.D., 1896)
AwardsHayden Memorial Geological Award (1932)
Penrose Medal (1935)
Wollaston Medal (1942)
William Bowie Medal (1946)
Scientific career
FieldsGeology
InstitutionsHarvard University
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Doctoral advisorJohn E. Wolff
Doctoral studentsNorman L. Bowen[1]

Biography

Reginald Daly was educated at the University of Toronto, where geologist A.P. Coleman persuaded him away from teaching mathematics and into Earth Sciences. He attained his PhD at Harvard, and did postgraduate work in Germany and France. After working as a field geologist for the International Boundary Commission, he was a professor, and headed the Department of Geology at Harvard University from 1912 until 1942. Daly was president of The Geological Society of America in 1932.[2]

For the Boundary Commission, working in six field seasons, Daly mapped the border from the Pacific Ocean to the Great Plains, a rugged swath 400 miles (640 km) long and 5 to 10 miles (8.0 to 16.1 km) wide – an area of about 2,500 square miles (6,500 km2). He documented the geology alone, but had the help of one field assistant and numerous wranglers and porters. He collected 1,500 rock specimens and made 960 thin sections, using a German polishing technique he learnt as a student. The project also included 1,300 photographs, dozens of lake soundings, stratigraphic and structural mapping, petrology, and morphology.[3] In 1912, he filed his final report with the Geological Survey of Canada, a massive 3-volume tome he called North America Cordillera: Forty-Ninth Parallel.[4] This work along the 49th parallel led him to formulate a theory of the origins of igneous rocks, and later publish his seminal work Igneous Rocks and Their Origin in 1914.

According to Daly's biographer, James Natland, Daly was an early proponent of Arthur Holmes and Alfred Wegener's continental drift theory.[5] Daly summarized his ideas in his 1926 book, Our Mobile Earth, which included on the title page small print adopted from Galileo: E pur si muove. Daly's theory on continental displacement was based partly on the idea that after the Moon was ejected from the Earth, continental movement was an inevitable part of rebalancing the planet; he also suggested that continental material accruing near oceans eventually slips, and forces continents to creep along. He expanded this notion in Strength and Structure of the Earth, in 1940, where Daly anticipated aspects of plate tectonics, including introduction of a "mesospheric shell" and a slippery vitreous basaltic substratum.

Daly also proposed the impact theory of lunar creation in 1946, which countered two prevailing notions: George Darwin's hypothesis that the Moon spun out of the primordial Earth due to centrifugal force; and, another fashionable theory that the Moon was a captured wayward asteroid. Daly applied Newtonian physics to make his point, which was later validated.

Family

In 1903, Daly married Louise Porter Haskell, daughter of Alexander Cheves Haskell and Alice Van Yeveren, and elder sister of Mary Elizabeth Haskell. After their marriage, Louise accompanied Daly on his travels, and in the field, as an assistant. She did much of the work in preparing and editing his manuscripts and books, and Daly's 1914 book on 'Igneous Rocks and their Origin'[6] is dedicated to her; his "inspiring fellow worker".[7]

Awards

In 1909, Daly was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.[8] Daly was awarded the Penrose Medal in 1935, the Wollaston Medal in 1942[9] and the William Bowie Medal in 1946. In 1950 he became foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.[10] The potassium zirconium silicate mineral dalyite[11] and craters on Mars[12] and the Moon are named in his honor. His Cambridge, Massachusetts, house (the Reginald A. Daly House) is now a National Historic Landmark.

References

  1. ^ "Norman L. Bowen: A founding father of experimental petrology (Geochemistry and Geochronology)". science.ca. 2015-04-08. Retrieved 2021-10-29.
  2. ^ Eckel, Edwin, 1982, GSA Memoir 155, The Geological Society of America — Life History of a Learned Society: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Memoir 155, 168 p., ISBN 0-8137-1155-X.
  3. ^ Miksha, Ron (2013). The Mountain Mystery, p. 322.
  4. ^ Daly, R.A., (1912). Geology of the North American Cordillera at the 49th Parallel, Ottawa, Government Printing Office, Canada Department of Mines Geological Survey Memoir 38.
  5. ^ Natland, James (2006). "Reginald Aldworth Daly (1871–1957): Eclectic Theoretician of the Earth," Geology Today, pp. 24-26, Geological Society of America.
  6. ^ Igneous rocks and their origin. McGraw-Hill. 1914. OL 7223987M.
  7. ^ Natland, James H. (February 2006). "Reginald Aldworth Daly (1871–1957): Eclectic Theoretician of the Earth" (PDF). GSA Today. Geological Society of America. p. 24. Retrieved 2022-11-14.
  8. ^ "Member Directory". American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved October 7, 2022.
  9. ^ . Award Winners since 1831. Geological Society of London. Archived from the original on 2010-08-19. Retrieved 2009-02-25.
  10. ^ "Reginald Aldworth Daly (1871 - 1957)". Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
  11. ^ Dalyite
  12. ^ de Vaucouleurs, G.; et al. (September 1975). "The new Martian nomenclature of the International Astronomical Union". Icarus. 26 (1): 85–98. Bibcode:1975Icar...26...85D. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(75)90146-3.

Bibliography

  • Daly, R A (1940), "Strength and Structure of the Earth", Prentice-Hall, New York, p. 434, hdl:2027/mdp.39015005801728, ISBN 978-0028435206
  • Daly, RA (1933), "The Depths of the Earth", Science (published Jan 27, 1933), 77 (1987): 95–102, Bibcode:1933Sci....77...95D, doi:10.1126/science.77.1987.95, PMID 17797838
  • Daly, RA (1931), "Gardiner on Coral Reefs", Science (published Dec 4, 1931), 74 (1927): 566–567, Bibcode:1931Sci....74..566D, doi:10.1126/science.74.1927.566, PMID 17807633
  • Daly, R A (1920), "A General Sinking of Sea-Level in Recent Time", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (published May 1920), vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 246–50, Bibcode:1920PNAS....6..246D, doi:10.1073/pnas.6.5.246, PMC 1084496, PMID 16586806
  • Daly, R A (1917), "Low-Temperature Formation of Alkaline Feldspars in Limestones", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (published Nov 1917), vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 659–65, Bibcode:1917PNAS....3..659D, doi:10.1073/pnas.3.11.659, PMC 1091350, PMID 16576265
  • Daly, R A (1916), "A New Test of the Subsidence Theory of Coral Reefs", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (published Dec 1916), vol. 2, no. 12, pp. 664–70, Bibcode:1916PNAS....2..664D, doi:10.1073/pnas.2.12.664, PMC 1091132, PMID 16586654
  • Daly, RA (1901), "Notes on Oceanography", Science (published Jun 14, 1901), vol. 13, no. 337, pp. 951–954, Bibcode:1901Sci....13..951D, doi:10.1126/science.13.337.951, PMID 17733661
  • Daly, RA (1901), "Scientific Expedition to Iceland, Greenland and Labrador", Science (published Feb 1, 1901), 13 (318): 192, Bibcode:1901Sci....13R.192D, doi:10.1126/science.13.318.192, PMID 17816318

Further reading

External links

August 23, 2023
reginald, aldworth, daly, march, 1871, september, 1957, canadian, geologist, bornmarch, 1871napanee, ontariodiedseptember, 1957, 1957, aged, cambridge, massachusettsalma, matervictoria, university, toronto, 1891, 1892, harvard, university, 1896, awardshayden, . Reginald Aldworth Daly March 18 1871 September 19 1957 was a Canadian geologist Reginald Aldworth DalyBornMarch 18 1871Napanee OntarioDiedSeptember 19 1957 1957 09 20 aged 86 Cambridge MassachusettsAlma materVictoria University Toronto B A 1891 S B 1892 Harvard University Ph D 1896 AwardsHayden Memorial Geological Award 1932 Penrose Medal 1935 Wollaston Medal 1942 William Bowie Medal 1946 Scientific careerFieldsGeologyInstitutionsHarvard UniversityMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyDoctoral advisorJohn E WolffDoctoral studentsNorman L Bowen 1 Contents 1 Biography 2 Family 3 Awards 4 References 5 Bibliography 6 Further reading 7 External linksBiography EditReginald Daly was educated at the University of Toronto where geologist A P Coleman persuaded him away from teaching mathematics and into Earth Sciences He attained his PhD at Harvard and did postgraduate work in Germany and France After working as a field geologist for the International Boundary Commission he was a professor and headed the Department of Geology at Harvard University from 1912 until 1942 Daly was president of The Geological Society of America in 1932 2 For the Boundary Commission working in six field seasons Daly mapped the border from the Pacific Ocean to the Great Plains a rugged swath 400 miles 640 km long and 5 to 10 miles 8 0 to 16 1 km wide an area of about 2 500 square miles 6 500 km2 He documented the geology alone but had the help of one field assistant and numerous wranglers and porters He collected 1 500 rock specimens and made 960 thin sections using a German polishing technique he learnt as a student The project also included 1 300 photographs dozens of lake soundings stratigraphic and structural mapping petrology and morphology 3 In 1912 he filed his final report with the Geological Survey of Canada a massive 3 volume tome he called North America Cordillera Forty Ninth Parallel 4 This work along the 49th parallel led him to formulate a theory of the origins of igneous rocks and later publish his seminal work Igneous Rocks and Their Origin in 1914 According to Daly s biographer James Natland Daly was an early proponent of Arthur Holmes and Alfred Wegener s continental drift theory 5 Daly summarized his ideas in his 1926 book Our Mobile Earth which included on the title page small print adopted from Galileo E pur si muove Daly s theory on continental displacement was based partly on the idea that after the Moon was ejected from the Earth continental movement was an inevitable part of rebalancing the planet he also suggested that continental material accruing near oceans eventually slips and forces continents to creep along He expanded this notion in Strength and Structure of the Earth in 1940 where Daly anticipated aspects of plate tectonics including introduction of a mesospheric shell and a slippery vitreous basaltic substratum Daly also proposed the impact theory of lunar creation in 1946 which countered two prevailing notions George Darwin s hypothesis that the Moon spun out of the primordial Earth due to centrifugal force and another fashionable theory that the Moon was a captured wayward asteroid Daly applied Newtonian physics to make his point which was later validated Family EditIn 1903 Daly married Louise Porter Haskell daughter of Alexander Cheves Haskell and Alice Van Yeveren and elder sister of Mary Elizabeth Haskell After their marriage Louise accompanied Daly on his travels and in the field as an assistant She did much of the work in preparing and editing his manuscripts and books and Daly s 1914 book on Igneous Rocks and their Origin 6 is dedicated to her his inspiring fellow worker 7 Awards EditIn 1909 Daly was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 8 Daly was awarded the Penrose Medal in 1935 the Wollaston Medal in 1942 9 and the William Bowie Medal in 1946 In 1950 he became foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences 10 The potassium zirconium silicate mineral dalyite 11 and craters on Mars 12 and the Moon are named in his honor His Cambridge Massachusetts house the Reginald A Daly House is now a National Historic Landmark References Edit Norman L Bowen A founding father of experimental petrology Geochemistry and Geochronology science ca 2015 04 08 Retrieved 2021 10 29 Eckel Edwin 1982 GSA Memoir 155 The Geological Society of America Life History of a Learned Society Boulder Colorado Geological Society of America Memoir 155 168 p ISBN 0 8137 1155 X Miksha Ron 2013 The Mountain Mystery p 322 Daly R A 1912 Geology of the North American Cordillera at the 49th Parallel Ottawa Government Printing Office Canada Department of Mines Geological Survey Memoir 38 Natland James 2006 Reginald Aldworth Daly 1871 1957 Eclectic Theoretician of the Earth Geology Today pp 24 26 Geological Society of America Igneous rocks and their origin McGraw Hill 1914 OL 7223987M Natland James H February 2006 Reginald Aldworth Daly 1871 1957 Eclectic Theoretician of the Earth PDF GSA Today Geological Society of America p 24 Retrieved 2022 11 14 Member Directory American Academy of Arts and Sciences Retrieved October 7 2022 Wollaston Medal Award Winners since 1831 Geological Society of London Archived from the original on 2010 08 19 Retrieved 2009 02 25 Reginald Aldworth Daly 1871 1957 Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Retrieved 19 July 2015 Dalyite de Vaucouleurs G et al September 1975 The new Martian nomenclature of the International Astronomical Union Icarus 26 1 85 98 Bibcode 1975Icar 26 85D doi 10 1016 0019 1035 75 90146 3 Bibliography EditDaly R A 1940 Strength and Structure of the Earth Prentice Hall New York p 434 hdl 2027 mdp 39015005801728 ISBN 978 0028435206 Daly RA 1933 The Depths of the Earth Science published Jan 27 1933 77 1987 95 102 Bibcode 1933Sci 77 95D doi 10 1126 science 77 1987 95 PMID 17797838 Daly RA 1931 Gardiner on Coral Reefs Science published Dec 4 1931 74 1927 566 567 Bibcode 1931Sci 74 566D doi 10 1126 science 74 1927 566 PMID 17807633 Daly R A 1920 A General Sinking of Sea Level in Recent Time Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A published May 1920 vol 6 no 5 pp 246 50 Bibcode 1920PNAS 6 246D doi 10 1073 pnas 6 5 246 PMC 1084496 PMID 16586806 Daly R A 1917 Low Temperature Formation of Alkaline Feldspars in Limestones Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A published Nov 1917 vol 3 no 11 pp 659 65 Bibcode 1917PNAS 3 659D doi 10 1073 pnas 3 11 659 PMC 1091350 PMID 16576265 Daly R A 1916 A New Test of the Subsidence Theory of Coral Reefs Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A published Dec 1916 vol 2 no 12 pp 664 70 Bibcode 1916PNAS 2 664D doi 10 1073 pnas 2 12 664 PMC 1091132 PMID 16586654 Daly RA 1901 Notes on Oceanography Science published Jun 14 1901 vol 13 no 337 pp 951 954 Bibcode 1901Sci 13 951D doi 10 1126 science 13 337 951 PMID 17733661 Daly RA 1901 Scientific Expedition to Iceland Greenland and Labrador Science published Feb 1 1901 13 318 192 Bibcode 1901Sci 13R 192D doi 10 1126 science 13 318 192 PMID 17816318Further reading EditMather Kirtley 1970 1980 Daly Reginald Aldworth Dictionary of Scientific Biography Vol 3 New York Charles Scribner s Sons pp 547 548 ISBN 978 0 684 10114 9 Robert M Hazen Reginald Aldworth Daly 1871 1957 Daly s Biography American Geophysical Union James H Natland Reginald Aldworth Daly 1871 1957 Eclectic Theoretician of the Earth GSA Today vol 16 no 2 2006 Francis Birch Reginald Aldworth Daly 1871 1957 A Biographical Memoir National Academy of Sciences Washington DC 36 pp 1960External links EditWorks by or about Reginald Aldworth Daly at Internet Archive Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Reginald Aldworth Daly amp oldid 1171499455, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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