fbpx
Wikipedia

Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death

January 01, 1970

Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death (ROD) is a fungal disease that is rapidly killing forests of ʻōhiʻa (Metrosideros polymorpha)—an ecologically important native tree species within the Hawaiian Islands that has provided a plethora of habitats for endangered birds and other species.[1] Initially reported by landowners in Puna in 2010, ROD spread quickly across tens of thousands of acres of ʻŌhiʻa trees on the Hawaiian Islands.[2][3] To date, hundreds of thousands of these trees have died from this fungal disease alone.[4] Previously healthy Ōhiʻa trees have been observed to die within a few days to weeks, which is why the disease is known as "Rapid Ōhiʻa Death".[5]

ʻŌhiʻa Lehua flowers

In April 2018, the cause of Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death was identified as two fungal species within the genus Ceratocystis which were previously unknown to science: Ceratocystis huliohia and Ceratocystis lukuohia.[6] By May 2018, infected ʻōhiʻa trees were found on the island of Kauai, prompting requests that members of the public limit transportation of ʻōhiʻa products within the island.[7] The less aggressive of the two fungus species, C. huliohia, has been confirmed on Hawaii Island, Kauai, Maui, and Oahu.[4] According to experts, the fungus is likely to have been carried between the islands by tourists, on their shoes or hiking boots, but it can also be transmitted by dirty tools, animals or via the wind.[8] Currently, there is no cure for the infected ʻŌhiʻa trees; ways to prevent the disease from spreading to other trees is through avoiding transmitting any parts of the tree to other ʻŌhiʻa's, removing soil debris from shoes, other gear, and tools.[9] In order to fight back against the spread of this disease and to educate citizens on what the disease is, scientists and government officials have created a "ROD Strategic Response Plan," which outlines topics such as what the disease is, how it spreads, and how to prevent it from spreading.[10]

In 2019 a documentary titled Saving ʻŌhiʻ’a: Hawaii's Sacred Tree, produced by Club Sullivan and funded by a grant from the Hawaii Invasive Species Council, was released, providing an in-depth look into the cultural and ecological importance of ʻōhiʻa and the environmental and cultural impacts of the ROD epidemic. The film was nominated for six Emmys and received three awards from the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences Pacific Southwest Chapter.[11]

Types of ROD Pathogens edit

 
Boring Beetle Tunnels in Ohia Tree Stump. Researchers are studying if Boring Beetle's excrement is a pathway for ROD pathogen's to spread to the Ohia Trees.[12]

Ceratocystis Huliohia: This fungal pathogen was confirmed by plant pathologist Lisa Keith and her lab team in 2014.[13] Keith and her team asked local Hawaiians what they wished to coin the disease as, and they decided to call it Ceratocystis Huliohia (changes the natural state of ʻŌhiʻa).[13] This fungal pathogen has been found to create a canker disease beneath the bark that slowly spreads throughout the water-conducting tissue within the tree, leading to wilting leaves, dried out branches and ultimately, the death of the tree.[13] In both ROD fungal pathogens, signs of the disease have been shown in the outer ring of the cut trunk.[14] Additionally, scientists have found through systematic dissections of the tree that the darkest portion of the bark is where the fungus has entered, and that predominantly the fungus has been found that the disease grows quicker up the stem of the tree than down it.[14] Researchers have also been studying how the excrement created by Boring Beetles within the ʻŌhiʻa trees can be used as a pathway for both pathogens of ROD.[12]

Ceratocystis Lukuohia: This fungal pathogen is named the destroyer of ʻōhiʻa because unlike Ceratocystis Huliohia, this pathogen spreads quickly throughout the tree and causes a systemic wilt.[14] This pathogen also chokes the tissue in the tree, which prevents it from acquiring water, and the pathogen spreads much quicker than the Huliohia pathogen, leading to the entire crown of the tree wilting and eventually dying.[14]

Policies and Plans edit

Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death Strategic Response Plan: In 2020, the Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death Working Group released a "Strategic Response Plan for 2020-2024" laying out management, research, and public engagement priorities to contain the disease and calling for $4 million a year in funding over the next five years to "continue progress toward understanding and addressing the fungal disease that has seriously impacted Hawaii's native forests."[15] Within the response plan, researchers have developed a rapid molecular test that identifies the presence of the Ceratocystis pathogens within ʻŌhiʻa trees.[15]  Researchers within the response plan have also developed effective sanitation techniques, such as, applying heat and vacuum-steam to infected materials, which have been shown to treat the pathogens.[15] The Strategic Response Plan has also succeeded in cooperating with the Hawai'i Seed Bank Partnership to form an advocacy coalition that has succeeded in training and educated hundreds of volunteers statewide on how to collect ʻŌhiʻa seeds to further conservation of the species.[15]

References edit

  1. ^ Keith, L. M.; Hughes, R. F.; Sugiyama, L. S.; Heller, W. P.; Bushe, B. C.; Friday, J. B. (2015). "First Report of Ceratocystis Wilt on ˋŌhiˋa (Metrosideros polymorpha)". Plant Disease. 99 (9): 1276. doi:10.1094/PDIS-12-14-1293-PDN.
  2. ^ Nemo, Leslie (2018-09-20). "Hawaii's "rapid ohia death" disease is killing the forest canopy, and there's no end in sight". Newsweek. from the original on 2019-08-05. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  3. ^ "Rapid 'Ōhi'a Death: The Disease That's Killing Native Hawaiian Trees". NPR.org. from the original on 2020-01-30. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  4. ^ a b "Questions and Answers on ROD". cms.ctahr.hawaii.edu. from the original on 2019-11-22. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  5. ^ "Rapid 'Ohi'a Death HOME". cms.ctahr.hawaii.edu. Retrieved 2021-11-02.
  6. ^ "Two new species of fungi that kill ohia trees get Hawaiian names | University of Hawaiʻi System News". University of Hawaiʻi System News. 2018-04-17. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  7. ^ Bernardo, Rosemarie (2018-05-11). "Ohia fungus found on Kauai". Honolulu Star-Advertiser. from the original on 2018-05-15. Retrieved 2018-05-14.
  8. ^ "Sacred Hawaiian tree is under threat as tourists are asked to help save it". NBC News. 30 June 2019. from the original on 2019-08-15. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  9. ^ "Questions and Answers on ROD". cms.ctahr.hawaii.edu. Retrieved 2021-11-10.
  10. ^ Hauff, Rob (2020-01-14). "Rapid Ohia Death Strategic Response Plan". Retrieved 2021-11-11.
  11. ^ "'Saving ʻŌhiʻa' documentary brings home 3 Emmys". University of Hawaiʻi System News. 2019-06-25. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  12. ^ a b "Inside of an ohia log with tunnels created by wood boring beetles". www.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2021-11-11.
  13. ^ a b c "Two new species of fungi that kill ohia trees get Hawaiian names". University of Hawaiʻi System News. 16 April 2018. Retrieved 2021-11-02.
  14. ^ a b c d "Rapid 'Ohi'a Death: Overview". cms.ctahr.hawaii.edu. Retrieved 2021-11-02.
  15. ^ a b c d "Plan to tackle Rapid Ohia Death". The Garden Island. 2020-01-14. from the original on 2020-01-15. Retrieved 2020-02-06.

External links edit

  • Rapid ohia death: the official resource on the disease maintained by the University of Hawaii
  • Saving ʻŌhiʻa, Hawaii's Sacred Tree: official website of the documentary
  • Rapid ʻOhiʻa Death Video Brochure on Vimeo
  • Tucker, Brian; Perroy, Ryan; Odachi, Nai'a (2023-11-29). "Interactions Between Feral Animals and Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death". ArcGIS StoryMaps. Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  • Perroy, Ryan L.; Sullivan, Timo; Benitez, David; Hughes, R. Flint; Keith, Lisa M.; Brill, Eva; Kissinger, Karma; Duda, Daniel (August 2021). "Spatial Patterns of 'Ōhi'a Mortality Associated with Rapid 'Ōhi'a Death and Ungulate Presence". Forests. 12 (8): 1035. doi:10.3390/f12081035. ISSN 1999-4907.

January 01, 1970
rapid, ʻŌhiʻa, death, fungal, disease, that, rapidly, killing, forests, ʻōhiʻa, metrosideros, polymorpha, ecologically, important, native, tree, species, within, hawaiian, islands, that, provided, plethora, habitats, endangered, birds, other, species, initiall. Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death ROD is a fungal disease that is rapidly killing forests of ʻōhiʻa Metrosideros polymorpha an ecologically important native tree species within the Hawaiian Islands that has provided a plethora of habitats for endangered birds and other species 1 Initially reported by landowners in Puna in 2010 ROD spread quickly across tens of thousands of acres of ʻŌhiʻa trees on the Hawaiian Islands 2 3 To date hundreds of thousands of these trees have died from this fungal disease alone 4 Previously healthy Ōhiʻa trees have been observed to die within a few days to weeks which is why the disease is known as Rapid Ōhiʻa Death 5 ʻŌhiʻa Lehua flowers In April 2018 the cause of Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death was identified as two fungal species within the genus Ceratocystis which were previously unknown to science Ceratocystis huliohia and Ceratocystis lukuohia 6 By May 2018 infected ʻōhiʻa trees were found on the island of Kauai prompting requests that members of the public limit transportation of ʻōhiʻa products within the island 7 The less aggressive of the two fungus species C huliohia has been confirmed on Hawaii Island Kauai Maui and Oahu 4 According to experts the fungus is likely to have been carried between the islands by tourists on their shoes or hiking boots but it can also be transmitted by dirty tools animals or via the wind 8 Currently there is no cure for the infected ʻŌhiʻa trees ways to prevent the disease from spreading to other trees is through avoiding transmitting any parts of the tree to other ʻŌhiʻa s removing soil debris from shoes other gear and tools 9 In order to fight back against the spread of this disease and to educate citizens on what the disease is scientists and government officials have created a ROD Strategic Response Plan which outlines topics such as what the disease is how it spreads and how to prevent it from spreading 10 In 2019 a documentary titled Saving ʻŌhiʻ a Hawaii s Sacred Tree produced by Club Sullivan and funded by a grant from the Hawaii Invasive Species Council was released providing an in depth look into the cultural and ecological importance of ʻōhiʻa and the environmental and cultural impacts of the ROD epidemic The film was nominated for six Emmys and received three awards from the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences Pacific Southwest Chapter 11 Contents 1 Types of ROD Pathogens 2 Policies and Plans 3 References 4 External linksTypes of ROD Pathogens edit nbsp Boring Beetle Tunnels in Ohia Tree Stump Researchers are studying if Boring Beetle s excrement is a pathway for ROD pathogen s to spread to the Ohia Trees 12 Ceratocystis Huliohia This fungal pathogen was confirmed by plant pathologist Lisa Keith and her lab team in 2014 13 Keith and her team asked local Hawaiians what they wished to coin the disease as and they decided to call it Ceratocystis Huliohia changes the natural state of ʻŌhiʻa 13 This fungal pathogen has been found to create a canker disease beneath the bark that slowly spreads throughout the water conducting tissue within the tree leading to wilting leaves dried out branches and ultimately the death of the tree 13 In both ROD fungal pathogens signs of the disease have been shown in the outer ring of the cut trunk 14 Additionally scientists have found through systematic dissections of the tree that the darkest portion of the bark is where the fungus has entered and that predominantly the fungus has been found that the disease grows quicker up the stem of the tree than down it 14 Researchers have also been studying how the excrement created by Boring Beetles within the ʻŌhiʻa trees can be used as a pathway for both pathogens of ROD 12 Ceratocystis Lukuohia This fungal pathogen is named the destroyer of ʻōhiʻa because unlike Ceratocystis Huliohia this pathogen spreads quickly throughout the tree and causes a systemic wilt 14 This pathogen also chokes the tissue in the tree which prevents it from acquiring water and the pathogen spreads much quicker than the Huliohia pathogen leading to the entire crown of the tree wilting and eventually dying 14 Policies and Plans editRapid ʻŌhiʻa Death Strategic Response Plan In 2020 the Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death Working Group released a Strategic Response Plan for 2020 2024 laying out management research and public engagement priorities to contain the disease and calling for 4 million a year in funding over the next five years to continue progress toward understanding and addressing the fungal disease that has seriously impacted Hawaii s native forests 15 Within the response plan researchers have developed a rapid molecular test that identifies the presence of the Ceratocystis pathogens within ʻŌhiʻa trees 15 Researchers within the response plan have also developed effective sanitation techniques such as applying heat and vacuum steam to infected materials which have been shown to treat the pathogens 15 The Strategic Response Plan has also succeeded in cooperating with the Hawai i Seed Bank Partnership to form an advocacy coalition that has succeeded in training and educated hundreds of volunteers statewide on how to collect ʻŌhiʻa seeds to further conservation of the species 15 References edit Keith L M Hughes R F Sugiyama L S Heller W P Bushe B C Friday J B 2015 First Report of Ceratocystis Wilt on ˋŌhiˋa Metrosideros polymorpha Plant Disease 99 9 1276 doi 10 1094 PDIS 12 14 1293 PDN Nemo Leslie 2018 09 20 Hawaii s rapid ohia death disease is killing the forest canopy and there s no end in sight Newsweek Archived from the original on 2019 08 05 Retrieved 2020 02 06 Rapid Ōhi a Death The Disease That s Killing Native Hawaiian Trees NPR org Archived from the original on 2020 01 30 Retrieved 2020 02 06 a b Questions and Answers on ROD cms ctahr hawaii edu Archived from the original on 2019 11 22 Retrieved 2020 02 06 Rapid Ohi a Death HOME cms ctahr hawaii edu Retrieved 2021 11 02 Two new species of fungi that kill ohia trees get Hawaiian names University of Hawaiʻi System News University of Hawaiʻi System News 2018 04 17 Retrieved 2020 02 06 Bernardo Rosemarie 2018 05 11 Ohia fungus found on Kauai Honolulu Star Advertiser Archived from the original on 2018 05 15 Retrieved 2018 05 14 Sacred Hawaiian tree is under threat as tourists are asked to help save it NBC News 30 June 2019 Archived from the original on 2019 08 15 Retrieved 2020 02 06 Questions and Answers on ROD cms ctahr hawaii edu Retrieved 2021 11 10 Hauff Rob 2020 01 14 Rapid Ohia Death Strategic Response Plan Retrieved 2021 11 11 Saving ʻŌhiʻa documentary brings home 3 Emmys University of Hawaiʻi System News 2019 06 25 Retrieved 2020 02 06 a b Inside of an ohia log with tunnels created by wood boring beetles www usgs gov Retrieved 2021 11 11 a b c Two new species of fungi that kill ohia trees get Hawaiian names University of Hawaiʻi System News 16 April 2018 Retrieved 2021 11 02 a b c d Rapid Ohi a Death Overview cms ctahr hawaii edu Retrieved 2021 11 02 a b c d Plan to tackle Rapid Ohia Death The Garden Island 2020 01 14 Archived from the original on 2020 01 15 Retrieved 2020 02 06 External links editRapid ohia death the official resource on the disease maintained by the University of Hawaii Saving ʻŌhiʻa Hawaii s Sacred Tree official website of the documentary Rapid ʻOhiʻa Death Video Brochure on Vimeo Tucker Brian Perroy Ryan Odachi Nai a 2023 11 29 Interactions Between Feral Animals and Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death ArcGIS StoryMaps Retrieved 2024 01 27 Perroy Ryan L Sullivan Timo Benitez David Hughes R Flint Keith Lisa M Brill Eva Kissinger Karma Duda Daniel August 2021 Spatial Patterns of Ōhi a Mortality Associated with Rapid Ōhi a Death and Ungulate Presence Forests 12 8 1035 doi 10 3390 f12081035 ISSN 1999 4907 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death amp oldid 1199901306, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.