Ramesses V's reign was characterized by the continued growth of the power of the priesthood of Amun, which controlled much of the temple land in the country and the state finances, at the expense of the ruling pharaohs. The Turin 1887 papyrus records a financial scandal during Ramesses' reign that involved the priests of Elephantine. A period of domestic instability also afflicted his reign, as evidenced by the fact that, according to the Turin Papyrus Cat. 2044, the workmen of Deir el-Medina periodically stopped work on Ramesses V's KV9 tomb in this king's first regnal year, out of fear of "the enemy", presumably Libyan raiding parties, who had reached the town of Per-Nebyt and "burnt its people."[1] Another incursion by these raiders into Thebes is recorded a few days later.[2] This shows that the Egyptian state was having difficulties ensuring the security of its own elite tomb workers, let alone the general populace, during this troubled time.
The Wilbour Papyrus, believed to date to Year 4 of Ramesses V's reign, was a major land survey and tax assessment document which covered various lands "extending from near Crocodilopolis (Medinet el-Fayyum) southwards to a little short of the modern town of El-Minya, a distance of some 90 miles."[3] It reveals most of Egypt's land was controlled by the Amun temples, which also directed the country's finances. The document highlights the increasing power of the High Priest of Amun Ramessesnakht whose son, a certain Usimare'nakhte, held the office of chief tax master.
The circumstances of Ramesses V's death are unknown but it is known he had a reign of almost four full years. [4] He died in his 4th Regnal Year around the time interval between the first and second month of Peret[5] An ostracon records that this king was only buried in Year 2 of Ramesses VI, his successor, which was highly irregular since Egyptian tradition required a king to be mummified and buried precisely 70 days into the reign of his successor.[6]
Ramesses V's mummified head.
However, another reason for the much delayed burial of Ramesses V in Year 2, second month of Akhet day 1 of Ramesses VI's reign (see KRI, VI, 343) may have been connected with Ramesses VI's need "to clear out any Libyans [invaders] from Thebes and to provide a temporary tomb for Ramesses V until plans for a double burial within tomb KV9 could be put into effect."[2] Moreover, a Theban work journal (P. Turin 1923) dated to Year 2 of Ramesses VI's reign shows that a period of normality had returned to the Theban West Bank by this time.[2]
The mummy of Ramesses V was recovered in 1898 and seemed to indicate that he suffered and subsequently died from smallpox, due to lesions found on his face. He was thought to be one of the earliest known victims of the disease.[7][8] While a 2016 discovery has found that the shared ancestral form of smallpox dates back to 1580 AD, this study merely indicates that the strains of smallpox circulating at the time of smallpox eradication had a common ancestor in the late 16th century, specifically that "the VARV lineages eradicated during the 20th century had only been in existence for ~200 years, at a time of rapidly expanding human movement and population size in the face of increasingly widespread inoculation and vaccination." Indeed, they say merely about ancient cases of smallpox that "if they were indeed due to smallpox, these early cases were caused by virus lineages that were no longer circulating at the point of eradication in the 1970s."[9] The advent of vaccination, or variolation in China and Japan during the middle ages, could have altered the relative presence of smallpox strains and diminished the presence of ancient strains.[10] A 2015 review summarizing recent research into the question of smallpox evolution and divergence from its common ancestors suggests it is most likely that smallpox evolved 3000–4000 years ago in East Africa or India, which is not inherently contradicted by the study described[11] the latter of which contains descriptions of smallpox from before the first century AD at least. Finally, another genomic analysis places the evolution of smallpox at 16,000 years before present, and mentions Ramses V: "if the pustular eruption of Ramses V was from smallpox, it could represent a smallpox outbreak from imported cases... rather than regional endemic disease. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that only three mummies in that period had similar lesions."[12]
Referencesedit
^A.J. Peden, The Reign of Ramesses IV, (Aris & Phillips Ltd: 1994), p.21 Peden's source on these recorded disturbances is KRI, VI, 340-343
^Duggan, Ana T.; Perdomo, Maria F.; Piombino-Mascali, Dario; Marciniak, Stephanie; Poinar, Debi; Emery, Matthew V.; Buchmann, Jan P.; Duchêne, Sebastian; Jankauskas, Rimantas; Humphreys, Margaret; Golding, G. Brian; Southon, John; Devault, Alison; Rouillard, Jean-Marie; Sahl, Jason W.; Dutour, Olivier; Hedman, Klaus; Sajantila, Antti; Smith, Geoffrey L.; Holmes, Edward C.; Poinar, Hendrik N. (19 December 2016). "17th Century Variola Virus Reveals the Recent History of Smallpox". Current Biology. 26 (24): 3407–3412. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.061. PMC5196022. PMID 27939314.
^Babkin, Igor; Babkina, Irina (10 March 2015). "The Origin of the Variola Virus". Viruses. 7 (3): 1100–1112. doi:10.3390/v7031100. PMC4379562. PMID 25763864.
^Li, Y.; Carroll, D. S.; Gardner, S. N.; Walsh, M. C.; Vitalis, E. A.; Damon, I. K. (27 September 2007). "On the origin of smallpox: Correlating variola phylogenics with historical smallpox records". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104 (40): 15787–15792. doi:10.1073/pnas.0609268104. PMC2000395. PMID 17901212.
Further readingedit
A.J. Peden, Where did Ramesses VI bury his nephew?, GM 181 (2001), 83-88
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ramses V.
January 01, 1970
ramesses, usermaatre, sekheperenre, also, written, ramses, rameses, fourth, pharaoh, twentieth, dynasty, egypt, ramesses, duatentopet, mummy, display, national, museum, egyptian, civilization, cairo, also, written, ramses, ramesesobelisk, archaeological, museu. Usermaatre Sekheperenre Ramesses V also written Ramses and Rameses was the fourth pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt and was the son of Ramesses IV and Duatentopet His mummy is now on display at the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Cairo Ramesses VAlso written Ramses and RamesesObelisk of Ramesses V Archaeological Museum of Bologna KS 1884PharaohReign1149 1145 BCPredecessorRamesses IVSuccessorRamesses VIRoyal titularyHorus nameKanekhetmenmaat K3 nḫt mn m3ˁt Strong bull whose Maat is permanentGolden HorusUser renput mer Atum Wsr rnpwt mr Jtm Rich in years like AtumPrenomen Praenomen Usermaatre Sekheperenre Wsr m3ˁt Rˁ s ḫpr n Rˁ Ra is rich in Maat he who Ra has raisedNomenRamesisu Imen her khepeschef Rˁ msj sw Jmn ḥr ḫps f Ra is the one who created him Amun is his forceConsortHenutwati and TawerettenruFatherRamesses IVMotherDuatentopetDied1145 BCBurialKV9 Mummy found in the KV35 royal cache Theban Necropolis Dynasty20th Dynasty Contents 1 Reign 2 Death 3 References 4 Further readingReign editRamesses V s reign was characterized by the continued growth of the power of the priesthood of Amun which controlled much of the temple land in the country and the state finances at the expense of the ruling pharaohs The Turin 1887 papyrus records a financial scandal during Ramesses reign that involved the priests of Elephantine A period of domestic instability also afflicted his reign as evidenced by the fact that according to the Turin Papyrus Cat 2044 the workmen of Deir el Medina periodically stopped work on Ramesses V s KV9 tomb in this king s first regnal year out of fear of the enemy presumably Libyan raiding parties who had reached the town of Per Nebyt and burnt its people 1 Another incursion by these raiders into Thebes is recorded a few days later 2 This shows that the Egyptian state was having difficulties ensuring the security of its own elite tomb workers let alone the general populace during this troubled time The Wilbour Papyrus believed to date to Year 4 of Ramesses V s reign was a major land survey and tax assessment document which covered various lands extending from near Crocodilopolis Medinet el Fayyum southwards to a little short of the modern town of El Minya a distance of some 90 miles 3 It reveals most of Egypt s land was controlled by the Amun temples which also directed the country s finances The document highlights the increasing power of the High Priest of Amun Ramessesnakht whose son a certain Usimare nakhte held the office of chief tax master Death editThis section may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience Please help by spinning off or relocating any relevant information and removing excessive detail that may be against Wikipedia s inclusion policy May 2020 Learn how and when to remove this message The circumstances of Ramesses V s death are unknown but it is known he had a reign of almost four full years 4 He died in his 4th Regnal Year around the time interval between the first and second month of Peret 5 An ostracon records that this king was only buried in Year 2 of Ramesses VI his successor which was highly irregular since Egyptian tradition required a king to be mummified and buried precisely 70 days into the reign of his successor 6 nbsp Ramesses V s mummified head However another reason for the much delayed burial of Ramesses V in Year 2 second month of Akhet day 1 of Ramesses VI s reign see KRI VI 343 may have been connected with Ramesses VI s need to clear out any Libyans invaders from Thebes and to provide a temporary tomb for Ramesses V until plans for a double burial within tomb KV9 could be put into effect 2 Moreover a Theban work journal P Turin 1923 dated to Year 2 of Ramesses VI s reign shows that a period of normality had returned to the Theban West Bank by this time 2 The mummy of Ramesses V was recovered in 1898 and seemed to indicate that he suffered and subsequently died from smallpox due to lesions found on his face He was thought to be one of the earliest known victims of the disease 7 8 While a 2016 discovery has found that the shared ancestral form of smallpox dates back to 1580 AD this study merely indicates that the strains of smallpox circulating at the time of smallpox eradication had a common ancestor in the late 16th century specifically that the VARV lineages eradicated during the 20th century had only been in existence for 200 years at a time of rapidly expanding human movement and population size in the face of increasingly widespread inoculation and vaccination Indeed they say merely about ancient cases of smallpox that if they were indeed due to smallpox these early cases were caused by virus lineages that were no longer circulating at the point of eradication in the 1970s 9 The advent of vaccination or variolation in China and Japan during the middle ages could have altered the relative presence of smallpox strains and diminished the presence of ancient strains 10 A 2015 review summarizing recent research into the question of smallpox evolution and divergence from its common ancestors suggests it is most likely that smallpox evolved 3000 4000 years ago in East Africa or India which is not inherently contradicted by the study described 11 the latter of which contains descriptions of smallpox from before the first century AD at least Finally another genomic analysis places the evolution of smallpox at 16 000 years before present and mentions Ramses V if the pustular eruption of Ramses V was from smallpox it could represent a smallpox outbreak from imported cases rather than regional endemic disease This hypothesis is supported by the fact that only three mummies in that period had similar lesions 12 References edit A J Peden The Reign of Ramesses IV Aris amp Phillips Ltd 1994 p 21 Peden s source on these recorded disturbances is KRI VI 340 343 a b c Peden p 21 Alan Gardiner Egypt of the Pharaohs 1961 Peter Clayton Chronology of the Pharaohs Thames amp Hudson Ltd 1994 p 167 Jurgen von Beckerath Chronologie des Pharaonischen Agypten Mainz Philipp von Zabern 1997 pp 201 202 Clayton p 167 Erik Hornung The Pharaoh p 292 in The Egyptians ed Sergio Donadoni and Robert Bianchi University of Chicago Press 1997 1 Donald R Hopkins Ramses V Duggan Ana T Perdomo Maria F Piombino Mascali Dario Marciniak Stephanie Poinar Debi Emery Matthew V Buchmann Jan P Duchene Sebastian Jankauskas Rimantas Humphreys Margaret Golding G Brian Southon John Devault Alison Rouillard Jean Marie Sahl Jason W Dutour Olivier Hedman Klaus Sajantila Antti Smith Geoffrey L Holmes Edward C Poinar Hendrik N 19 December 2016 17th Century Variola Virus Reveals the Recent History of Smallpox Current Biology 26 24 3407 3412 doi 10 1016 j cub 2016 10 061 PMC 5196022 PMID 27939314 https biotech law lsu edu blaw bt smallpox who red book Chp 2006 pdf Early Efforts at Control Variolation Vaccination and Isolation and Quarantine Babkin Igor Babkina Irina 10 March 2015 The Origin of the Variola Virus Viruses 7 3 1100 1112 doi 10 3390 v7031100 PMC 4379562 PMID 25763864 Li Y Carroll D S Gardner S N Walsh M C Vitalis E A Damon I K 27 September 2007 On the origin of smallpox Correlating variola phylogenics with historical smallpox records Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104 40 15787 15792 doi 10 1073 pnas 0609268104 PMC 2000395 PMID 17901212 Further reading editA J Peden Where did Ramesses VI bury his nephew GM 181 2001 83 88 nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ramses V Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ramesses V amp oldid 1207736352, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
