Ramessesnakht was High Priest of Amun during many years in the 20th Dynasty. He was appointed as the High Priest at Thebes under Ramesses IV. He served in office until the reign of Ramesses IX. It was during Ramessesnakht's tenure that the power and importance of the Amun priesthood grew over Egypt while the Pharaoh's power began to noticeably decline.
Ramessesnakht
High Priest of Amun
Statue of Ramessesnakht holding the Theban Triad. Cairo, JE 37186.
He was the son of Meribastet, steward to the pharaoh. Ramessesnakht was married to Adjedet-Aat, the daughter of Setau, High Priest of Nekhbet, and had at least two sons: Amenhotep and Nesamun and a daughter Tamerit.[2] His son Amenhotep would succeed him in office and there is evidence that, at least for a while, his son, the Second Prophet of Amun Nesamun also acted as High Priest of Amun.[3] His daughter Tamerit married Amenemopet, Third Prophet of Amun, making the family related through marriage to another important priestly family, that of Bakenkhonsu who served as High Priest of Amun under Ramesses II. (Amenemopet was Bakenkhonsu's grandson through his daughter Nefertari.)[2] Ramessesnakht is depicted in his father-in-law Setau's tomb in El-Kab.[4]
While in office, the High Priest Ramessesnakht personally led a massive mining expedition to the rock quarries of Wadi Hammamat in Year 3 of Ramesses IV which consisted of 8,368 men alone including 5,000 soldiers, 2,000 personnel of the Amun temples, 800 Apiru and 130 stonemasons and quarrymen.[5] This was recorded on a rock cut stela.[6] He secured gold and galena (for eye paint) under Ramesses VII and IX.[7]
Theban graffito 1860aedit
For a time it was believed that there might have been two High Priests of Amun called Ramessesnakht.[8] This was based on an incorrect reading of Theban graffito 1860a. This graffito was dated to an anonymous year 8 and seemed to mention, besides Ramessesnakht, a royal butler and the mayor of Thebes Amenmose, a Chief Workman of the Necropolis called Amennakht. Bierbrier suggested to identify this Amennakht with the Chief Workman of that name who was active in year 3 of Ramesses X.[9] This would make the Ramessesnakht of the graffito into the second High Priest of this name. However, Bierbrier's hypothesis would also imply that Ramesses X reached a hitherto unattested year 8. At the time this seemed to be confirmed by a theory of Richard Parker who, on solely astronomical grounds had postulated a year 9 for Ramesses X.[10][11] Parker’s theory has since been abandoned, and Lanny Bell has shown that the graffito actually mentioned a certain “Pamose, son of the Chief Workman Amennakht” and not the workman himself.[12] Bell suggested that Theban graffito 1860a actually belonged to year 8 of the reign of Ramesses VI. Although his hypothesis introduces a hitherto unknown Chief Workman Amennakht, this is a far more economical solution than having to postulate a second High Priest Ramessesnakht, a new Mayor Amenmose and some five otherwise unattested years for Ramesses X.[13]
Death and burialedit
Plan of Ramessesnakht's tomb, TT293
Ramessesnakht was buried in TT293. Surrounding the date of his death and burial there is some controversy. The highest attested date for Ramessesnakht so far stems from year 2 of Ramesses IX.[14] In a text stemming from the reign of Ramesses XI,[15][16] the High Priest of Amun, Amenhotep, refers to the burial of his father “in year ..... [year lost] of Pharaoh”.[17] This is problematical, since during this period, in official texts the term “Pharaoh” was normally used only to refer to the living king.[18] Still, the fact that his son, Amenhotep, is first attested in office in year 9 of Ramesses IX[19] clearly shows that Ramessesnakht must have died under this king and not under Ramesses XI.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ramessesnakht.
Referencesedit
^Hermann Ranke: Die ägyptische Persönennamen. Verlag von J. J. Augustin in Glückstadt, 1935, p.219
^ ab. Archived from the original on 2008-03-24. Retrieved 2007-08-24.
^A. Thijs, The Second Prophet Nesamun and his claim to the High-Priesthood, in: SAK 38 (2009), 343-353
Lanny Bell, Only One High Priest Ramessenakht and the Second Prophet Nesamun his Younger Son, Serapis 6 (1980), 7-27
Daniel Polz, The Ramsesnakht Dynasty and the Fall of the New Kingdom: A New Monument in Thebes, SAK 25 (1998), 257-293
Ute Rummel, Untersuchung der Grabtempel der Hohenpriester des Amun Ramsesnacht und Amenophis (K93.11/K93.12). Forschungsbericht 2014/2015, e-Forschungsberichte des DAI (eDAI-F) 2015-2, 1-5
April 08, 2024
ramessesnakht, high, priest, amun, during, many, years, 20th, dynasty, appointed, high, priest, thebes, under, ramesses, served, office, until, reign, ramesses, during, tenure, that, power, importance, amun, priesthood, grew, over, egypt, while, pharaoh, power. Ramessesnakht was High Priest of Amun during many years in the 20th Dynasty He was appointed as the High Priest at Thebes under Ramesses IV He served in office until the reign of Ramesses IX It was during Ramessesnakht s tenure that the power and importance of the Amun priesthood grew over Egypt while the Pharaoh s power began to noticeably decline RamessesnakhtHigh Priest of AmunStatue of Ramessesnakht holding the Theban Triad Cairo JE 37186 SuccessorAmenhotepDynasty20th DynastyPharaohRamesses IV Ramesses V Ramesses VI Ramesses VII Ramesses VIII Ramesses IXFatherMeribastet Chief Steward of the Lord of the Two LandsWifeAdjedet AatChildrensons Nesamun and Amenhotep daughter TameritBurialTT 293Ramessesnakht 1 in hieroglyphsEra New Kingdom 1550 1069 BC Contents 1 Biography 2 Theban graffito 1860a 3 Death and burial 4 References 5 Further readingBiography editHe was the son of Meribastet steward to the pharaoh Ramessesnakht was married to Adjedet Aat the daughter of Setau High Priest of Nekhbet and had at least two sons Amenhotep and Nesamun and a daughter Tamerit 2 His son Amenhotep would succeed him in office and there is evidence that at least for a while his son the Second Prophet of Amun Nesamun also acted as High Priest of Amun 3 His daughter Tamerit married Amenemopet Third Prophet of Amun making the family related through marriage to another important priestly family that of Bakenkhonsu who served as High Priest of Amun under Ramesses II Amenemopet was Bakenkhonsu s grandson through his daughter Nefertari 2 Ramessesnakht is depicted in his father in law Setau s tomb in El Kab 4 While in office the High Priest Ramessesnakht personally led a massive mining expedition to the rock quarries of Wadi Hammamat in Year 3 of Ramesses IV which consisted of 8 368 men alone including 5 000 soldiers 2 000 personnel of the Amun temples 800 Apiru and 130 stonemasons and quarrymen 5 This was recorded on a rock cut stela 6 He secured gold and galena for eye paint under Ramesses VII and IX 7 Theban graffito 1860a editFor a time it was believed that there might have been two High Priests of Amun called Ramessesnakht 8 This was based on an incorrect reading of Theban graffito 1860a This graffito was dated to an anonymous year 8 and seemed to mention besides Ramessesnakht a royal butler and the mayor of Thebes Amenmose a Chief Workman of the Necropolis called Amennakht Bierbrier suggested to identify this Amennakht with the Chief Workman of that name who was active in year 3 of Ramesses X 9 This would make the Ramessesnakht of the graffito into the second High Priest of this name However Bierbrier s hypothesis would also imply that Ramesses X reached a hitherto unattested year 8 At the time this seemed to be confirmed by a theory of Richard Parker who on solely astronomical grounds had postulated a year 9 for Ramesses X 10 11 Parker s theory has since been abandoned and Lanny Bell has shown that the graffito actually mentioned a certain Pamose son of the Chief Workman Amennakht and not the workman himself 12 Bell suggested that Theban graffito 1860a actually belonged to year 8 of the reign of Ramesses VI Although his hypothesis introduces a hitherto unknown Chief Workman Amennakht this is a far more economical solution than having to postulate a second High Priest Ramessesnakht a new Mayor Amenmose and some five otherwise unattested years for Ramesses X 13 Death and burial edit nbsp Plan of Ramessesnakht s tomb TT293Ramessesnakht was buried in TT293 Surrounding the date of his death and burial there is some controversy The highest attested date for Ramessesnakht so far stems from year 2 of Ramesses IX 14 In a text stemming from the reign of Ramesses XI 15 16 the High Priest of Amun Amenhotep refers to the burial of his father in year year lost of Pharaoh 17 This is problematical since during this period in official texts the term Pharaoh was normally used only to refer to the living king 18 Still the fact that his son Amenhotep is first attested in office in year 9 of Ramesses IX 19 clearly shows that Ramessesnakht must have died under this king and not under Ramesses XI nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ramessesnakht References edit Hermann Ranke Die agyptische Personennamen Verlag von J J Augustin in Gluckstadt 1935 p 219 a b The High Priests of Amun Archived from the original on 2008 03 24 Retrieved 2007 08 24 A Thijs The Second Prophet Nesamun and his claim to the High Priesthood in SAK 38 2009 343 353 Osirisnet page Archived 2011 07 17 at the Wayback Machine KRI VI 12 14 W C Hayes The Scepter of Egypt II pg 371 A J Peden Egyptian Historical Inscriptions of the Twentieth Dynasty Chapter 2 M Bierbrier JEA 58 1972 195 199 M Bierbrier JEA 58 1972 197 M Bierbrier JEA 61 1975 251 R A Parker Rev d Eg 11 1951 163 164 L Bell Serapis 6 1980 7 16 Bell Serapis 6 1980 8 Helck JARCE 6 1967 135 151 E Wente JNES 25 1966 73 87 Polz SAK 25 1998 283 E Wente JNES 25 1966 78 Wente JNES 25 1966 82 Helck CDE 59 1984 245Further reading editM L Bierbrier A Second High Priest Ramessesnakht Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 58 1972 195 199 Lanny Bell Only One High Priest Ramessenakht and the Second Prophet Nesamun his Younger Son Serapis 6 1980 7 27 Daniel Polz The Ramsesnakht Dynasty and the Fall of the New Kingdom A New Monument in Thebes SAK 25 1998 257 293 Ute Rummel Untersuchung der Grabtempel der Hohenpriester des Amun Ramsesnacht und Amenophis K93 11 K93 12 Forschungsbericht 2014 2015 e Forschungsberichte des DAI eDAI F 2015 2 1 5 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ramessesnakht amp oldid 1200180828, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
