"Matraca" redirects here. For the Mexican drag queen, see Matraka.
A ratchet or rattle, more specifically, cog rattle[1] is a musical instrument of the percussion family and a warning/signaling device. It operates on the principle of the ratchet device, using a gearwheel and a stiff board mounted on a handle, which rotates freely. Variants include the gragger (Yiddish: גראַגער) used in Judaism, the rapach, and the raganella.
The player holds the handle and swings the whole mechanism around. The momentum makes the board click against the gearwheel, producing a clicking and rattling noise. A popular design consists of a thick wooden cog wheel attached to a handle and two wooden flanges that alternately hit the teeth of the cog when the handle turns. Alternatively, smaller ratchets are sometimes held still or mounted and the handle turned rapidly by the player. The mounted ratchets allow for greater control of the duration and timing of the sound. This allows the ratchet to be used like a snare drum, placing sustained rolls in precise durations of time. Dynamics are controlled by the rate at which the ratchet is rotated.[2]
In Judaism, the gragger (also grogger or gregger; from Yiddish גראַגער) is used for the holiday of Purim. The gragger is used every time Haman's name is mentioned during the reading of the Megillah.[3] Because Haman persecuted the Jews, the noise is supposed to symbolically drown out his name (although every word of the Megillah, including Haman's name, must be heard clearly; therefore, the words are often repeated after the sounding of the gragger). The gragger originated in Jewish tradition to help make noise during the reading.[4]
Up until the early 1970s, this type of rattle was commonly used by fans at soccer and rugby matches in the United Kingdom and was known as a football rattle.[5]
In the 18th and 19th centuries, a policeman's rattle was used by British[6] and Australian[7] policemen to summon assistance.[8] They were used to warn of poison gas attack in the trenches of the First World War and issued to British police and ARP wardens during the Second World War, to warn of the presence of poison gas.[9][10]
VariantsEdit
RaganellaEdit
The raganella (Italian for "tree frog") is a percussion instrument common in the folk music of Calabria in southern Italy. Technically, the raganella is a "cog rattle," producing a sound that is enough of a "croak" to have derived the folk name of the instrument from the Italian name of the common tree-frog. The raganella is about the size of a breadbox and consists of a wooden frame into which are fastened four or five stiff but flexible wooden tines fastened to one side of the frame; the other ends of the tines are struck in rapid succession by a cog-wheel that is turned by a crank handle mounted on the side of the frame.
RapachEdit
The rapach (Ukrainian: Рапач) is a larger version of the derkach, a ratchet. Rapachs are used by churches in the Prešov region of Slovakia by ethnic Ukrainians instead of bells during Easter.
^Cross, David (2011-02-17). "On the Beat in Birmingham - Rules and regulations". BBC. Retrieved 11 March 2014. Police whistles came much later; the early Victorian constable would have carried a small wooden rattle.
^"Evolution of the Victoria Police uniform". The Australian. Retrieved 11 March 2014. Police rattle from the late 19th century. Used by early police officers in Melbourne, to call for assistance or sound warnings... Later replaced by a whistles.
^Taylor, J. (2003). . The Constabulary. Archived from the original on 2010-02-18.
^jtalarico (2015-08-26). "8 Objects Used By Air Raid Wardens During The Blitz". Imperial War Museums. Retrieved 2017-10-26.
^"The Fascinating Story Behind the Rarest of Liturgical Devices: the Crotalus". ChurchPOP. March 23, 2016.
Sources for RapachEdit
Humeniuk, A. Ukrainski narodni muzychni instrumenty, Kyiv: Naukova dumka, 1967 (in Ukrainian)
Mizynec, V. Ukrainian Folk Instruments, Melbourne: Bayda books, 1984 (in Ukrainian)
Cherkaskyi, L. Ukrainski narodni muzychni instrumenty, Tekhnika, Kyiv, Ukraine, 2003 - 262 pages. ISBN966-575-111-5(in Ukrainian)
External linksEdit
Ratchets (Polish folk musical instruments)
October 15, 2023
ratchet, instrument, matraca, redirects, here, mexican, drag, queen, matraka, ratchet, rattle, more, specifically, rattle, musical, instrument, percussion, family, warning, signaling, device, operates, principle, ratchet, device, using, gearwheel, stiff, board. Matraca redirects here For the Mexican drag queen see Matraka A ratchet or rattle more specifically cog rattle 1 is a musical instrument of the percussion family and a warning signaling device It operates on the principle of the ratchet device using a gearwheel and a stiff board mounted on a handle which rotates freely Variants include the gragger Yiddish גרא גער used in Judaism the rapach and the raganella RatchetClassificationIdiophoneHornbostel Sachs classification112 24 Scraped wheels cog rattles or Ratchet Related instrumentsDerkach Contents 1 Method of playing 2 Uses 2 1 In Jewish tradition 2 2 Music 2 3 Sport 2 4 Warning signaling device 3 Variants 3 1 Raganella 3 2 Rapach 3 2 1 Uses in music 4 Gallery 5 See also 6 References 6 1 Sources for Rapach 7 External linksMethod of playing EditThe player holds the handle and swings the whole mechanism around The momentum makes the board click against the gearwheel producing a clicking and rattling noise A popular design consists of a thick wooden cog wheel attached to a handle and two wooden flanges that alternately hit the teeth of the cog when the handle turns Alternatively smaller ratchets are sometimes held still or mounted and the handle turned rapidly by the player The mounted ratchets allow for greater control of the duration and timing of the sound This allows the ratchet to be used like a snare drum placing sustained rolls in precise durations of time Dynamics are controlled by the rate at which the ratchet is rotated 2 Uses EditIn Jewish tradition Edit Main article Grager In Judaism the gragger also grogger or gregger from Yiddish גרא גער is used for the holiday of Purim The gragger is used every time Haman s name is mentioned during the reading of the Megillah 3 Because Haman persecuted the Jews the noise is supposed to symbolically drown out his name although every word of the Megillah including Haman s name must be heard clearly therefore the words are often repeated after the sounding of the gragger The gragger originated in Jewish tradition to help make noise during the reading 4 Music Edit The rattle is used in such compositions as Richard Strauss s Till Eulenspiegel s Merry Pranks and Arnold Schoenberg s Gurre Lieder Sport Edit Up until the early 1970s this type of rattle was commonly used by fans at soccer and rugby matches in the United Kingdom and was known as a football rattle 5 Warning signaling device Edit nbsp RAF men sound warning rattles during a gas exercise in World War II In the 18th and 19th centuries a policeman s rattle was used by British 6 and Australian 7 policemen to summon assistance 8 They were used to warn of poison gas attack in the trenches of the First World War and issued to British police and ARP wardens during the Second World War to warn of the presence of poison gas 9 10 Variants EditRaganella Edit The raganella Italian for tree frog is a percussion instrument common in the folk music of Calabria in southern Italy Technically the raganella is a cog rattle producing a sound that is enough of a croak to have derived the folk name of the instrument from the Italian name of the common tree frog The raganella is about the size of a breadbox and consists of a wooden frame into which are fastened four or five stiff but flexible wooden tines fastened to one side of the frame the other ends of the tines are struck in rapid succession by a cog wheel that is turned by a crank handle mounted on the side of the frame Rapach Edit The rapach Ukrainian Rapach is a larger version of the derkach a ratchet Rapachs are used by churches in the Presov region of Slovakia by ethnic Ukrainians instead of bells during Easter Uses in music Edit Respighi asks for one in the first movement of his orchestral work Pini di Roma Pines of Rome as does Tchaikovsky in his ballet The Nutcracker It is also used in Gnomus in Ravel s orchestration of Mussorgsky s Pictures at an Exhibition In orchestral percussion writing a ratchet is used as a substitute Gallery Edit nbsp Ratchet used for poison gas warning in World War II nbsp Raspel nbsp In some European churches a ratchet known as a crotalum is used instead of bells during the Paschal Triduum the three days before Easter Day 11 nbsp A Purim gragger a kind of ratchet used in Judaism nbsp A plastic version of the gragger nbsp A ratchet used in a procession in Braga Portugal nbsp 14th century French ratchetSee also EditUkrainian folk musicReferences Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ratchets instrument Cog rattle musical instrument Encyclopaedia Britannica Retrieved 2023 02 18 Karl Peinkofer and Fritz Tannigel Handbook of Percussion Instruments Mainz Germany Schott 1976 152 153 Einstein Stephen J Kukoff Lydia 1989 Every person s guide to Judaism URJ Books and Music ISBN 978 0 8074 0434 8 Karesh Sara E Hurvitz Mitchell M 2006 Encyclopedia of Judaism Infobase Publishing ISBN 978 0 8160 5457 2 https www mapmyvisit com object viewobject 61977 en 56C1753638224986FB57FB922C56B16A Retrieved at 17 36 on Sunday 5 3 23 Cross David 2011 02 17 On the Beat in Birmingham Rules and regulations BBC Retrieved 11 March 2014 Police whistles came much later the early Victorian constable would have carried a small wooden rattle Evolution of the Victoria Police uniform The Australian Retrieved 11 March 2014 Police rattle from the late 19th century Used by early police officers in Melbourne to call for assistance or sound warnings Later replaced by a whistles Taylor J 2003 The Victorian Police Rattle Mystery The Constabulary Archived from the original on 2010 02 18 jtalarico 2015 08 26 8 Objects Used By Air Raid Wardens During The Blitz Imperial War Museums Retrieved 2017 10 26 Gas Rattle www iwm org uk Retrieved 2017 10 26 The Fascinating Story Behind the Rarest of Liturgical Devices the Crotalus ChurchPOP March 23 2016 Sources for Rapach Edit Humeniuk A Ukrainski narodni muzychni instrumenty Kyiv Naukova dumka 1967 in Ukrainian Mizynec V Ukrainian Folk Instruments Melbourne Bayda books 1984 in Ukrainian Cherkaskyi L Ukrainski narodni muzychni instrumenty Tekhnika Kyiv Ukraine 2003 262 pages ISBN 966 575 111 5 in Ukrainian External links EditRatchets Polish folk musical instruments Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ratchet instrument amp oldid 1162051856 Raganella, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
