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Cotton swab

March 05, 2023

"Q-Tip" redirects here. For other uses, see Q-Tip (disambiguation).

Cotton swabs (American English) or cotton buds (British English) are handheld items that consist of one or two small wads of cotton wrapped around one or both ends of a short rod made of wood, rolled paper, or plastic. They are most commonly used for ear cleaning, although this is not recommended by physicians. Other uses for cotton swabs include first aid, cosmetics application, cleaning, infant care and crafts. Some countries have banned the plastic-stemmed versions in favor of biodegradable alternatives over concerns about marine pollution.

A cotton swab

History

 
A pack of 54 Q-tips

The first mass-produced cotton swab was developed in 1923 by Polish-American Leo Gerstenzang after he watched his wife attach wads of cotton to toothpicks to clean their infant's ears.[1][2] His product was originally named "Baby Gays" in recognition of them being intended for infants before being renamed "Q-tips Baby Gays", with the "Q" standing for "quality". The product eventually became known as "Q-tips", which went on to become the most widely sold brand name of cotton swabs in North America. The term "Q-tip" is often used as a genericized trademark for a cotton swab in the United States and Canada.[2] The Q-tips brand is owned by Unilever and had over $200 million in US sales in 2014.[3] "Johnson's buds" are made by Johnson & Johnson.

However, according to the United States Patent Case (C-10,415) Q-Tips, Inc. v. Johnson & Johnson, 108 F. Supp. 845 (D.N.J. 1952),[4] it would appear that the first commercial producer of cotton tipped applicators was a Mrs. Hazel Tietjen Forbis, who manufactured them in her home. She also owned a patent on the article, numbered 1,652,108, dated December 6, 1927, and sold the product under the appellation Baby Nose-Gay.[5] In 1925, Leo Gerstenzang Co., Inc. purchased an assignment of the product patent from Mrs. Forbis. On January 2, 1937, Q-Tips, Inc's president, Mr. Leo Gerstenzang, and his wife Mrs. Ziuta Gerstenzang formed a partnership and purchased from Mrs Forbis "All merchandise, machinery and fixtures now contained in the premises 132 W. 36th Street and used by said Q-Tips, Inc., for the manufacture of Q-Tips or medicated swabs together with the accounts receivable of said Q-Tips, Inc." The contract recited that Q-Tips, Inc was the owner of patents covering the manufacture of applicators.[4]

Originally, when cotton tipped applicators were made by Mrs. Forbis, they were sold under the name of Baby Nose-Gays. In 1925, after The Leo Gerstenzang Co., Inc. purchased an assignment of the product patent from Mrs. Forbis, the packages of applicators were labelled Baby-Gays. In 1926, the legend was changed to read "Q-Tips Baby Gays", and in 1927 an application was made to register the mark "Q-Tips Baby Gays". Sometime after 1926, the words "Baby Gays" were dropped and the concern began to develop "Q-Tips" as its identifying mark, applying for registration of it on September 14, 1933.[4] Packages were made up using blue paper with pictures of double tipped applicators upon them, features which have been the basis for the Q Tips packaged sign since that time. The design of the crossed applicators was made by dropping them and then photographing the resulting pattern. The "Q" in Q-Tips was used so that the name in its entirety would sound like "cute tips" when spoken. It would appear that when the mark "Q-Tips" was originated, the product to which it applied was known as a medical swab or a swab, but that thereafter the term "applicator" or "cotton-tipped applicator" gained currency.

Description

The traditional cotton swab has a single tip on a wooden handle, and these are still often used, especially in medical settings. They are usually relatively long, about 4 inches (10 cm). These often are packaged sterile, one or two to a paper or plastic sleeve. The advantage of the paper sleeve and the wooden handle is that the package can be autoclaved to be sterilized (plastic sleeves or handles would melt in the autoclave).

Cotton swabs manufactured for home use are usually shorter, about 2.5 inches (6.4 cm) long, and usually double-tipped. The handles were first made of wood, then made of rolled paper, which is still most common (although tubular plastic is also used). They are often sold in large quantities, 100 or more to a container.

Plastic swab stems exist in a wide variety of colors, such as blue, pink or green. However, the cotton itself is traditionally white.

Use

 
Wet-type earwax on a cotton swab

The most common use for cotton swabs is to clean the ear canal by removing earwax. Cotton swabs are also commonly used for applying and removing makeup, as well as for household uses such as cleaning and arts and crafts. They are also handy for touching up nail polish that gets on the surrounding skin.

Medical-type swabs are often used to take microbiological cultures. Pharmaceutical grade cotton swabs are necessary for medical applications.[6] These medical grade swabs are rubbed onto or into the infected area, then wiped across the culture medium, such as an agar plate, where bacteria from the swab may grow. They are also used to take DNA samples, most commonly by scraping cells from the inner cheek in the case of humans. They can be used to apply medicines to a targeted area, to selectively remove substances from a targeted area, or to apply cleaning substances like Betadine. They are also used as an applicator for various cosmetics, ointments, and other substances.

A related area is the use of swabs for microbiological environmental monitoring. Once taken, the swab can be streaked onto an agar plate, or the contents of the tip removed by agitation or dilution into the broth. The broth can either then be filtered or incubated and examined for microbial growth.[7]

Cotton swabs are also often used outside of the field of personal hygiene:

  • They are often used in the construction of plastic model kits, for various applications during the application of decals or painting. Special brands of cotton swabs exist for this purpose, characterised by sturdier cotton heads and varied shapes of those heads.
  • They can be used in the dyne test for measuring surface energy. This use is problematic, as manufacturers differ in the binders they use to fix the cotton to the stem, affecting the outcome of the test.[8]
  • They are frequently used for cleaning the laser diode lens of an optical drive in conjunction with rubbing alcohol. Similarly, they are used for cleaning larger computer parts such as video cards and fans. They were also widely used in the past to clean video game cartridges.

Medical risks

 
Cotton swabs in a round container

The use of cotton swabs in the ear canal has no associated medical benefits and poses definite medical risks.[9][10][11][12] Cerumen (ear wax) is a naturally occurring, normally extruded, product of the external auditory canal that protects the skin inside the ear, serves beneficial lubrication and cleaning functions, and provides some protection from bacteria, fungi, insects, and water.[13][14]

Attempts to remove cerumen with cotton swabs may result in cerumen impaction, a buildup or blockage of cerumen in the ear canal, which can cause pain, hearing problems, ringing in the ear, or dizziness, and may require medical treatment to resolve.[11] The use of cotton swabs in the ear canal is one of the most common causes of perforated eardrum, a condition which sometimes requires surgery to correct.[15]

A 2004 study found that the "[u]se of a cotton-tip applicator to clean the ear seems to be the leading cause of otitis externa in children and should be avoided."[16] Instead, wiping wax away from the ear with a washcloth after a shower almost completely cleans the outer one-third of the ear canal, where earwax is made.[17] In the US between 1990 and 2010, an estimated 263,338 children went to hospital emergency rooms for cotton swab injuries, accounting for an estimated annual hospitalization of 13,167 children.[18]

Environmental impact

Plastic cotton swabs are often incorrectly flushed down the toilet, increasing the risk of marine pollution. Some manufacturers and retailers have stopped the production and sale of plastic swabs and are only selling biodegradable paper versions.[19]

The European Union instated a ban on the use of plastic-stemmed cotton swabs in 2021.[20] Italy had previously instated a ban in 2019[21] and Monaco in 2020.[22] England,[23] Scotland,[24] Wales,[25] and the Isle of Man[26] each instated a ban between 2019 and 2021.

See also

References

  1. ^ Schueller, Randy (1996), , How Products are Made, vol. 4, archived from the original on 31 August 2011
  2. ^ a b About: A Q-Tips® Cotton Swabs History, Unilever United States, 2007–2018
  3. ^ Fitzgerald, Dennis (24 January 2016). "How a household staple became the source of doctor's office swab stories". The Toronto Star. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  4. ^ a b c "Q-Tips, Inc. v. Johnson & Johnson, 108 F. Supp. 845 (D.N.J. 1952)". Law.justia.com. Retrieved 20 July 2022.   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  5. ^ "Patent filed : No: 1,652,108 : H. T. Forbis" (PDF). Patentimages.storage.googleapis.com. 6 December 1927. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  6. ^ Wynn, Elise (1 September 2006). "Microbiological cultures necessitate medical grade cotton". KTMD. Retrieved 20 March 2010.
  7. ^ Sandle, T. (July 2011). "A study of a new type of swab for the environmental monitoring of isolators and cleanrooms". European Journal of Parenteral & Pharmaceutical Sciences. 16 (2): 42–48.
  8. ^ Edward Boyle (1 September 1996). "Taking the measure of surface treatment is a learning process". PFFC: Paper, Film & Foil Converter. Retrieved 20 March 2010.
  9. ^ Moser, Rod (13 November 2006), Q-Tips – Weapons of Ear Destruction?, WebMD
  10. ^ Stein, Joel (26 March 2001), "Something Evil in the Ear Canal", Time
  11. ^ a b American Academy of Family Physicians (May 2007). "Information from Your Family Doctor—Earwax: What You Should Know". American Family Physician. 75 (10): 1530. PMID 17555145.
  12. ^ "Why You Really, Truly Should Not Put Q-Tips Into Your Ears". commonhealth. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  13. ^ McCarter, Daniel F.; et al. (May 2007). "Cerumen Impaction". American Family Physician. 75 (10): 1523–1528. PMID 17555144. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  14. ^ Earwax at the American Hearing Research Foundation. Chicago, Illinois 2008.
  15. ^ Smith, Matthew; Darrat (February 2012). "Otologic complications of cotton swab use: One institution's experience". The Laryngoscope. 122 (2): 409–411. doi:10.1002/lary.22437. PMID 22241624. S2CID 206199065.
  16. ^ Nussinovitch, Moshe; et al. (April 2004). "Cotton-tip applicators as a leading cause of otitis externa". International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 68 (4): 433–435. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2003.11.014. PMID 15013609. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  17. ^ "Don't use cotton-tipped swabs to clean inside your ears, experts urge". CBC News. 9 January 2018. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
  18. ^ Ameen, Zeenath S. (1 May 2017). "Pediatric Cotton-Tip Applicator-Related Ear Injury Treated in United States Emergency Departments, 1990–2010". The Journal of Pediatrics. 186: 124–130. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.03.049. PMID 28473166. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  19. ^ Johnston, Ian (13 February 2017). "Johnson & Johnson will stop selling plastic cotton buds in half the world to help cut marine pollution". The Independent. Retrieved 26 November 2006.
  20. ^ Moore, Darrel (28 March 2019). "European Parliament Approves Law To Ban Single-Use Plastics". CIWM Journal Online. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
  21. ^ "Italy to ban microplastics used in rinse-off cosmetics products". ChemicalWatch.com. from the original on 19 July 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  22. ^ "Combating Plastics in Monaco: On 1 January, Plastic Cotton Buds, Cups, Cutlery and Plates wereBanned". 6 January 2020.
  23. ^ "Ban on plastic straws in England pushed back to October 2020". Edie.net. 22 May 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
  24. ^ "Plastic-stemmed cotton buds now banned in Scotland". BBC News. 12 October 2019.
  25. ^ "Wales unveils plans to ban single-use plastics from 2021". Edie.net. 19 March 2020.
  26. ^ "Manx government proposes ban on single-use plastics". BBC News. 24 July 2019. Retrieved 1 August 2019.

External links

  •   Media related to Cotton swabs at Wikimedia Commons

March 05, 2023
cotton, swab, redirects, here, other, uses, disambiguation, american, english, cotton, buds, british, english, handheld, items, that, consist, small, wads, cotton, wrapped, around, both, ends, short, made, wood, rolled, paper, plastic, they, most, commonly, us. Q Tip redirects here For other uses see Q Tip disambiguation Cotton swabs American English or cotton buds British English are handheld items that consist of one or two small wads of cotton wrapped around one or both ends of a short rod made of wood rolled paper or plastic They are most commonly used for ear cleaning although this is not recommended by physicians Other uses for cotton swabs include first aid cosmetics application cleaning infant care and crafts Some countries have banned the plastic stemmed versions in favor of biodegradable alternatives over concerns about marine pollution A cotton swab Contents 1 History 2 Description 3 Use 4 Medical risks 5 Environmental impact 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksHistory Edit A pack of 54 Q tips The first mass produced cotton swab was developed in 1923 by Polish American Leo Gerstenzang after he watched his wife attach wads of cotton to toothpicks to clean their infant s ears 1 2 His product was originally named Baby Gays in recognition of them being intended for infants before being renamed Q tips Baby Gays with the Q standing for quality The product eventually became known as Q tips which went on to become the most widely sold brand name of cotton swabs in North America The term Q tip is often used as a genericized trademark for a cotton swab in the United States and Canada 2 The Q tips brand is owned by Unilever and had over 200 million in US sales in 2014 3 Johnson s buds are made by Johnson amp Johnson However according to the United States Patent Case C 10 415 Q Tips Inc v Johnson amp Johnson 108 F Supp 845 D N J 1952 4 it would appear that the first commercial producer of cotton tipped applicators was a Mrs Hazel Tietjen Forbis who manufactured them in her home She also owned a patent on the article numbered 1 652 108 dated December 6 1927 and sold the product under the appellation Baby Nose Gay 5 In 1925 Leo Gerstenzang Co Inc purchased an assignment of the product patent from Mrs Forbis On January 2 1937 Q Tips Inc s president Mr Leo Gerstenzang and his wife Mrs Ziuta Gerstenzang formed a partnership and purchased from Mrs Forbis All merchandise machinery and fixtures now contained in the premises 132 W 36th Street and used by said Q Tips Inc for the manufacture of Q Tips or medicated swabs together with the accounts receivable of said Q Tips Inc The contract recited that Q Tips Inc was the owner of patents covering the manufacture of applicators 4 Originally when cotton tipped applicators were made by Mrs Forbis they were sold under the name of Baby Nose Gays In 1925 after The Leo Gerstenzang Co Inc purchased an assignment of the product patent from Mrs Forbis the packages of applicators were labelled Baby Gays In 1926 the legend was changed to read Q Tips Baby Gays and in 1927 an application was made to register the mark Q Tips Baby Gays Sometime after 1926 the words Baby Gays were dropped and the concern began to develop Q Tips as its identifying mark applying for registration of it on September 14 1933 4 Packages were made up using blue paper with pictures of double tipped applicators upon them features which have been the basis for the Q Tips packaged sign since that time The design of the crossed applicators was made by dropping them and then photographing the resulting pattern The Q in Q Tips was used so that the name in its entirety would sound like cute tips when spoken It would appear that when the mark Q Tips was originated the product to which it applied was known as a medical swab or a swab but that thereafter the term applicator or cotton tipped applicator gained currency Description EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed February 2016 Learn how and when to remove this template message The traditional cotton swab has a single tip on a wooden handle and these are still often used especially in medical settings They are usually relatively long about 4 inches 10 cm These often are packaged sterile one or two to a paper or plastic sleeve The advantage of the paper sleeve and the wooden handle is that the package can be autoclaved to be sterilized plastic sleeves or handles would melt in the autoclave Cotton swabs manufactured for home use are usually shorter about 2 5 inches 6 4 cm long and usually double tipped The handles were first made of wood then made of rolled paper which is still most common although tubular plastic is also used They are often sold in large quantities 100 or more to a container Plastic swab stems exist in a wide variety of colors such as blue pink or green However the cotton itself is traditionally white Use Edit Wet type earwax on a cotton swab The most common use for cotton swabs is to clean the ear canal by removing earwax Cotton swabs are also commonly used for applying and removing makeup as well as for household uses such as cleaning and arts and crafts They are also handy for touching up nail polish that gets on the surrounding skin Medical type swabs are often used to take microbiological cultures Pharmaceutical grade cotton swabs are necessary for medical applications 6 These medical grade swabs are rubbed onto or into the infected area then wiped across the culture medium such as an agar plate where bacteria from the swab may grow They are also used to take DNA samples most commonly by scraping cells from the inner cheek in the case of humans They can be used to apply medicines to a targeted area to selectively remove substances from a targeted area or to apply cleaning substances like Betadine They are also used as an applicator for various cosmetics ointments and other substances A related area is the use of swabs for microbiological environmental monitoring Once taken the swab can be streaked onto an agar plate or the contents of the tip removed by agitation or dilution into the broth The broth can either then be filtered or incubated and examined for microbial growth 7 Cotton swabs are also often used outside of the field of personal hygiene They are often used in the construction of plastic model kits for various applications during the application of decals or painting Special brands of cotton swabs exist for this purpose characterised by sturdier cotton heads and varied shapes of those heads They can be used in the dyne test for measuring surface energy This use is problematic as manufacturers differ in the binders they use to fix the cotton to the stem affecting the outcome of the test 8 They are frequently used for cleaning the laser diode lens of an optical drive in conjunction with rubbing alcohol Similarly they are used for cleaning larger computer parts such as video cards and fans They were also widely used in the past to clean video game cartridges Medical risks Edit Cotton swabs in a round container The use of cotton swabs in the ear canal has no associated medical benefits and poses definite medical risks 9 10 11 12 Cerumen ear wax is a naturally occurring normally extruded product of the external auditory canal that protects the skin inside the ear serves beneficial lubrication and cleaning functions and provides some protection from bacteria fungi insects and water 13 14 Attempts to remove cerumen with cotton swabs may result in cerumen impaction a buildup or blockage of cerumen in the ear canal which can cause pain hearing problems ringing in the ear or dizziness and may require medical treatment to resolve 11 The use of cotton swabs in the ear canal is one of the most common causes of perforated eardrum a condition which sometimes requires surgery to correct 15 A 2004 study found that the u se of a cotton tip applicator to clean the ear seems to be the leading cause of otitis externa in children and should be avoided 16 Instead wiping wax away from the ear with a washcloth after a shower almost completely cleans the outer one third of the ear canal where earwax is made 17 In the US between 1990 and 2010 an estimated 263 338 children went to hospital emergency rooms for cotton swab injuries accounting for an estimated annual hospitalization of 13 167 children 18 Environmental impact EditPlastic cotton swabs are often incorrectly flushed down the toilet increasing the risk of marine pollution Some manufacturers and retailers have stopped the production and sale of plastic swabs and are only selling biodegradable paper versions 19 The European Union instated a ban on the use of plastic stemmed cotton swabs in 2021 20 Italy had previously instated a ban in 2019 21 and Monaco in 2020 22 England 23 Scotland 24 Wales 25 and the Isle of Man 26 each instated a ban between 2019 and 2021 See also EditCotton pad Ear pick Phantom of HeilbronnReferences Edit Schueller Randy 1996 Cotton Swab How Products are Made vol 4 archived from the original on 31 August 2011 a b About A Q Tips Cotton Swabs History Unilever United States 2007 2018 Fitzgerald Dennis 24 January 2016 How a household staple became the source of doctor s office swab stories The Toronto Star Retrieved 24 January 2016 a b c Q Tips Inc v Johnson amp Johnson 108 F Supp 845 D N J 1952 Law justia com Retrieved 20 July 2022 This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain Patent filed No 1 652 108 H T Forbis PDF Patentimages storage googleapis com 6 December 1927 Retrieved 23 July 2022 Wynn Elise 1 September 2006 Microbiological cultures necessitate medical grade cotton KTMD Retrieved 20 March 2010 Sandle T July 2011 A study of a new type of swab for the environmental monitoring of isolators and cleanrooms European Journal of Parenteral amp Pharmaceutical Sciences 16 2 42 48 Edward Boyle 1 September 1996 Taking the measure of surface treatment is a learning process PFFC Paper Film amp Foil Converter Retrieved 20 March 2010 Moser Rod 13 November 2006 Q Tips Weapons of Ear Destruction WebMD Stein Joel 26 March 2001 Something Evil in the Ear Canal Time a b American Academy of Family Physicians May 2007 Information from Your Family Doctor Earwax What You Should Know American Family Physician 75 10 1530 PMID 17555145 Why You Really Truly Should Not Put Q Tips Into Your Ears commonhealth Retrieved 6 March 2016 McCarter Daniel F et al May 2007 Cerumen Impaction American Family Physician 75 10 1523 1528 PMID 17555144 Retrieved 5 September 2012 Earwax at the American Hearing Research Foundation Chicago Illinois 2008 Smith Matthew Darrat February 2012 Otologic complications of cotton swab use One institution s experience The Laryngoscope 122 2 409 411 doi 10 1002 lary 22437 PMID 22241624 S2CID 206199065 Nussinovitch Moshe et al April 2004 Cotton tip applicators as a leading cause of otitis externa International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 68 4 433 435 doi 10 1016 j ijporl 2003 11 014 PMID 15013609 Retrieved 5 September 2012 Don t use cotton tipped swabs to clean inside your ears experts urge CBC News 9 January 2018 Retrieved 10 January 2018 Ameen Zeenath S 1 May 2017 Pediatric Cotton Tip Applicator Related Ear Injury Treated in United States Emergency Departments 1990 2010 The Journal of Pediatrics 186 124 130 doi 10 1016 j jpeds 2017 03 049 PMID 28473166 Retrieved 10 May 2017 Johnston Ian 13 February 2017 Johnson amp Johnson will stop selling plastic cotton buds in half the world to help cut marine pollution The Independent Retrieved 26 November 2006 Moore Darrel 28 March 2019 European Parliament Approves Law To Ban Single Use Plastics CIWM Journal Online Retrieved 28 March 2019 Italy to ban microplastics used in rinse off cosmetics products ChemicalWatch com Archived from the original on 19 July 2018 Retrieved 19 June 2018 Combating Plastics in Monaco On 1 January Plastic Cotton Buds Cups Cutlery and Plates wereBanned 6 January 2020 Ban on plastic straws in England pushed back to October 2020 Edie net 22 May 2019 Retrieved 16 April 2020 Plastic stemmed cotton buds now banned in Scotland BBC News 12 October 2019 Wales unveils plans to ban single use plastics from 2021 Edie net 19 March 2020 Manx government proposes ban on single use plastics BBC News 24 July 2019 Retrieved 1 August 2019 External links Edit Media related to Cotton swabs at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cotton swab amp oldid 1127869736, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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