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Innocence Project

January 07, 2024

Innocence Project, Inc. is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit legal organization that is committed to exonerating individuals who have been wrongly convicted, through the use of DNA testing and working to reform the criminal justice system to prevent future injustice.[1][6] The group cites various studies estimating that in the United States between 1% and 10% of all prisoners are innocent.[7][8][9][10] The Innocence Project was founded in 1992 by Barry Scheck and Peter Neufeld who gained national attention in the mid-1990s as part of the "Dream Team" of lawyers who formed part of the defense in the O. J. Simpson murder case.[11]

Innocence Project, Inc.
Formation1992; 32 years ago (1992)[1]
Founder
TypeNonprofit organization
32-0077563[2]
Legal status501(c)(3)[2]
Purpose
Headquarters40 Worth Street,
New York, NY 10013
Region
United States
Executive Director
Christina Swarns[3]
Jack Taylor[4]
AffiliationsThe Innocence Network
Revenue (2020)
$21,373,256[5]: 1 
Expenses (2020)$15,944,005[5]: 1 
Endowment$21,620,304 (2020)[5]: 33 
Employees (2020)
91[5]: 1 
Volunteers (2020)
22[5]: 1 
Websiteinnocenceproject.org

As of 2021, the Innocence Project has helped to successfully overturn over 300 convictions through DNA-based exonerations.[12][13] In 2021, Innocence Project received the biennial Milton Friedman Prize for Advancing Liberty by Cato Institute, awarded in recognition and gratitude for its work to ensure liberty and justice for all.[14] In March 2022, The Innocence Project won two Webby Awards for its Happiest Moments video, winning the Best Humanitarian & Services campaign in both the brand and non-profit categories. Happiest Moments was the organizations first-ever public service announcement that premiered in June 2021 and was produced by Hayden5.[15][16]

Founding edit

The Innocence Project was established in the wake of a study by the U.S. Department of Justice and U.S. Senate, in conjunction with Yeshiva University's Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, which claimed that incorrect identification by eyewitnesses was a factor in over 70% of wrongful convictions.[17][18][19] The Innocence Project was founded in 1992 by Scheck and Neufeld as part of a law clinic at Cardozo. It became an independent 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization on January 28, 2003,[20] but it maintains institutional connections with Cardozo.[21][22] Madeline deLone was the executive director from 2004 until 2020,[23][24] succeeded by Christina Swarns on September 8, 2020.[25][26]

The Innocence Project is the headquarters of the Innocence Network, a group of nearly 70 independent innocence organizations worldwide.[27] One such example exists in the Republic of Ireland where in 2009 a project was set up at Griffith College Dublin.[28][29]

Mission edit

The Innocence Project's mission is "to free the staggering number of innocent people who remain incarcerated, and to bring reform to the system responsible for their unjust imprisonment."[1][30]

The Innocence Project focuses exclusively on post-conviction appeals in which DNA evidence is available to be tested or retested.[31][32] DNA testing is possible in 5–10% of criminal cases.[33][34] Other members of the Innocence Network also help to exonerate those in whose cases DNA testing is not possible.[35]

In addition to working on behalf of those who may have been wrongfully convicted of crimes throughout the United States, those working for the Innocence Project perform research and advocacy related to the causes of wrongful convictions.[11][36]

Some of the Innocence Project's successes have resulted in releasing people from death row. The successes of the project have fueled American opposition to the death penalty and have likely been a factor in the decision by some American states to institute moratoria on criminal executions.[37]

In District Attorney's Office v. Osborne (2009), US Supreme Court Chief Justice Roberts wrote that post-conviction challenge "poses questions to our criminal justice systems and our traditional notions of finality better left to elected officials than federal judges." In the opinion, another justice wrote that forensic science has "serious deficiencies". Roberts also said that post-conviction DNA testing risks "unnecessarily overthrowing the established system of criminal justice." Law professor Kevin Jon Heller wrote: "It might lead to a reasonably accurate one."[38]

The Innocence Project, as of June 2018, receives 55% of its funding from individual contributions, 16% from foundations, 16% from events, 8% from investments, and the remaining 5% from corporations, Yeshiva University, and other sources.[39]

Work edit

The Innocence Project originated in New York City but accepts cases from other parts of the country.[40] The majority of clients helped are of low socio-economic status and have used all possible legal options for justice. Many clients hope that DNA evidence will prove their innocence, as the emergence of DNA testing allows those who have been wrongly convicted of crimes to challenge their cases. The Innocence Project also works with the local, state and federal levels of law enforcement, legislators, and other programs to prevent further wrongful convictions.[1][41][42][43]

All potential clients go through an extensive screening process to determine whether or not they are likely to be innocent. If they pass the process, the Innocence Project takes up their case, resources permitting. About 2,400 prisoners write to the Innocence Project annually, and at any given time the Innocence Project is evaluating 6,000 to 8,000 potential cases. In addition to their co-directors and a managing attorney, the Innocence Project has six full-time staff attorneys and nearly 300 active cases.[44][45]

In almost half of the cases that the Innocence Project takes on, the clients' guilt is reconfirmed by DNA testing. Of all the cases taken on by the Innocence Project so far, about 43% of clients were proven innocent, 42% were confirmed guilty, and evidence was inconclusive and not probative in 15% of cases. In about 40% of all DNA exoneration cases, law enforcement officials identified the actual perpetrator based on the same DNA test results that led to an exoneration.[46][47]

Overturned convictions edit

As of January 2022, 375 people previously convicted of serious crimes in the United States had been exonerated by DNA testing since 1989, 21 of whom had been sentenced to death.[13][48] Almost all (99%) of the wrongful convictions were males,[49][50][51] with minority groups constituting approximately 70% (61% African American and 8% Latino).[13][52][53] The National Registry of Exonerations lists 2,939 convicted defendants who were exonerated through DNA and non-DNA evidence from January, 1989 through January, 2022 with more than 25,600 years imprisoned.[54]

According to a study published in 2014, at least 4.1% of persons overall sentenced to death from 1973 to 2004 are probably innocent.[55] The following are some examples of exonerations they helped bring about:

  • Steven Avery was exonerated in 2003 after serving 18 years in prison for a sexual assault charge.[56][57] After his release, he was convicted of murder.[58][59]
  • Cornelius Dupree was convicted of sexual assault and robbery in 1980, and exonerated by DNA evidence in 2011 by the Innocence Project.[60][61]
  • Douglas Echols and Samuel Scott were convicted in 1987 of sexual assault and robbery, and exonerated in 2002 by DNA evidence by the Innocence Project.[62][63]
  • Clarence Elkins was convicted in 1999 for rape and murder, and exonerated by DNA evidence in 2005; defended by Ohio Innocence Project.[64][65]
  • Ryan Ferguson was convicted in 2005 for a 2001 murder, and exonerated in 2013 because the prosecution withheld exculpatory evidence and the witnesses who testified against him recanted their testimony; defended by Missouri Innocence Project.[66]
  • Glenn Ford was exonerated in 2014 in the murder of Isadore Newman. Ford, an African American, had been convicted by an all-white jury without any physical evidence linking him to the crime and with testimony withheld. He served 30 years on death row in Angola Prison before his release.[67]
  • Darryl Hunt was exonerated in 2004 after serving 19+1⁄2 years in prison of a life sentence for the rape and murder of a newspaper copy editor, Deborah Sykes.[68][69]
  • Michael Morton was convicted of murder in 1987, spent over 24 years in prison, and exonerated through DNA and withholding of evidence in 2011 with help from the Innocence Project. In 2013 his prosecutor was convicted of withholding evidence, agreed to disbarment, and spent 4 days in jail.[70]
  • Anthony Porter was convicted of murder in 1983, and exonerated in 1999 by the Medill Innocence Project.[71]
  • James Calvin Tillman was exonerated in 2007 after an investigation begun by the Innocence Project, and after serving 16+1⁄2 years in prison for a rape he did not commit. His sentence was 45 years.[72][73]
  • Archie Williams was convicted in 1983 of sexual assault and sentenced to life without the possibility of parole, but was exonerated in 2019 due to DNA evidence after over three decades in prison.[74]
  • Ken Wyniemko was convicted in 1994 of sexual assault, and exonerated in 2003 through DNA evidence by the Innocence Project.[75]
  • Michael Sutton and Kenny Phillips went out for Phillips' birthday in May 2006, they were wrongfully arrested and incarcerated for 15 years. In 2023, their attempted murder convictions were overturned and the University of Akron granted them full scholarships to earn their college degrees.[76]
  • Leonard Mack was exonerated of rape and gun charges after 47 years due to DNA evidence.[77][78]Mack's wrongful conviction was the longest to be vacated to due advanced DNA testing.[79]
  • Perry Lott served 30 years in prison for rape and burglary charges before being cleared after DNA testing.[80][81][82]

Innocence Network edit

The Innocence Project is a founding member of the Innocence Network, a coalition of independent organizations and advocates, including law schools, journalism schools, and public defense offices that collaborate to help convicted felons prove their innocence.[83][84] As of 2021, there were 68 organizations in the network, operating in all 50 US states and 12 other countries, and had helped exonerate 625 people.[85][86]

In South Africa, the Wits Justice Project investigates South African incarcerations. In partnership with the Wits Law Clinic, the Julia Mashele Trust, the Legal Resources Centre (LRC), the Open Democracy Advice Centre (ODAC), the US Innocence Project, and the Justice Project investigate individual cases of prisoners wrongly convicted or awaiting trial.[87][88]

Causes of wrongful conviction edit

Wrongful convictions are a common occurrence with various causes that land innocent defendants in prison. Most common are false eyewitness accounts, where the accused are incorrectly identified by viewers of a crime. Most times eyewitnesses will select the individual in a lineup for example that most resemble their memories of the suspect. This relies on the person's ability to perceive and later recall faces accurately, which studies have shown is more than lacking.[89] This accounts for 69% of the exonerations that took place due to the Innocence Project,[90][91] further proving that eyewitness accounts are often unreliable. While it is known that eyewitness identification can lead to wrongful convictions little has been done to prevent this inaccuracy and this is why it remains a leading cause of the conviction of the innocent. Eyewitness testimonies are still used in court and studies have shown that jurors have a limited ability to determine the reliability of eyewitnesses as evidence. In fact, they tend to over-believe eyewitnesses instead of weighing out the potential errors.[89] This measure has proven to be inaccurate in many police lineups, as there is much bias, and suspects can be singled out based on their appearance and the frequency that they are placed in front of witnesses.[92]

Additionally, 52% of the Innocence Project cases' wrongful convictions have resulted from the misapplication of forensic science.[93][94] These include faulty hair comparisons, arson artifacts, and comparative bullet lead analysis. These methods of evidence collection evolve as new technology arises, but said technology can take decades to create, making cases based on the faulty forensic science cases difficult to overturn.[95]

In 26% of DNA exoneration cases[96][97]—and more than double that number in homicide cases—innocent people were coerced into making false confessions. Many of these false confessors went on to plead guilty to crimes they did not commit (usually to avoid a harsher sentence or even the death penalty). Currently, there is a racial aspect of this issue where many black people are discriminated against during both their trial and while in jail. The hashtag #blackbehindbars has allowed those exonerated after false confessions to share their stories and the injustice they faced due to the failure of the criminal justice system.[98]

Another large contributor of wrongful convictions is fabricated testimonies that falsely incriminate defendants. The Innocence Project has found that 17% of its cases have been caused by false testimonies, allowing the person who gave the testimony a shorter or better sentence while the accused face harsher repercussions.[99][100] Many of these stories are given by inmates who have been given an incentive to falsely testify against certain people with rewards such as reduction of their sentences or leniency in prison.[101]

In popular culture edit

Film edit

Literature edit

Podcasts edit

Television edit

  • Castle, an American television series, in the episode "Like Father, Like Daughter" (season 6, episode 7), mentioned the Innocence Project, as well as Frank Henson who was wrongfully convicted in 1998 of the death of Kimberly Tolbert.[111]
  • The Innocence Project, a BBC One drama series that aired from 2006 to 2007, is based on a UK version of the organization.[112]
  • The Innocence Project was discussed in season 2, episode 9 of The Good Wife, "Nine Hours" (December 14, 2010). Project co-founder Barry Scheck played himself in the episode, which was largely based on the actual Innocence Project case of Cameron Todd Willingham. Cary Agos, a recurring character on The Good Wife, is written to have worked for the Innocence Project after law school (and is a family friend of Scheck's).[113][114][115]
  • In season six of Suits, a US legal dramedy, law student and paralegal Rachel Zane takes on an Innocence Project for a man wrongfully accused of murder.[116]
  • In season three of Riverdale, a dark reimagining of the Archie Comics universe, Veronica Lodge mentions starting a chapter of the organization to help free her boyfriend Archie Andrews from prison following being falsely convicted of murder.[117]
  • Making a Murderer, a two-season (of 10 episodes each) documentary relating Steven Avery wrongful conviction. The episodes were released on Netflix between 2015 and 2018.[118]
  • The Innocence Files (2020) is a series of nine documentary films based on the work of the Innocence Project, released on Netflix in April 2020.[119][120]
  • Quantum Leap, in the episode "Ben Song for the Defense" the Innocence Project is mentioned after Ben, having leapt into a public defender, successfully defends a teenager wrongfully accused of killing a gang recruiter.[121][122]
  • The Innocent Man (2018) is a Netflix mini series composed of six episodes based on the Grisham nonfiction book The Innocent Man: Murder and Injustice in a Small Town.[123][124][125]

See also edit

Related groups and regional chapters edit

References edit

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  124. ^ "Watch The Innocent Man | Netflix Official Site". www.netflix.com. Retrieved June 9, 2023.
  125. ^ The Innocent Man (Documentary, Crime), Heather McPhaul, John Grisham, Erik Anthony Russo, Campfire, The Gernert Company, December 14, 2018, retrieved June 9, 2023{{citation}}: CS1 maint: others (link)

Further reading edit

External links edit

  • Official website
  • Innocence Network
  • Innocence Network UK (INUK) – An organisation to facilitate casework on alleged wrongful convictions by innocence projects
  • – Website of UK cases of alleged and proven miscarriages of justice

January 07, 2024
innocence, project, nonprofit, legal, organization, that, committed, exonerating, individuals, have, been, wrongly, convicted, through, testing, working, reform, criminal, justice, system, prevent, future, injustice, group, cites, various, studies, estimating,. Innocence Project Inc is a 501 c 3 nonprofit legal organization that is committed to exonerating individuals who have been wrongly convicted through the use of DNA testing and working to reform the criminal justice system to prevent future injustice 1 6 The group cites various studies estimating that in the United States between 1 and 10 of all prisoners are innocent 7 8 9 10 The Innocence Project was founded in 1992 by Barry Scheck and Peter Neufeld who gained national attention in the mid 1990s as part of the Dream Team of lawyers who formed part of the defense in the O J Simpson murder case 11 Innocence Project Inc Formation1992 32 years ago 1992 1 FounderBarry ScheckPeter NeufeldTypeNonprofit organizationTax ID no 32 0077563 2 Legal status501 c 3 2 PurposeExonerationJustice reformHeadquarters40 Worth Street New York NY 10013RegionUnited StatesExecutive DirectorChristina Swarns 3 ChairJack Taylor 4 AffiliationsThe Innocence NetworkRevenue 2020 21 373 256 5 1 Expenses 2020 15 944 005 5 1 Endowment 21 620 304 2020 5 33 Employees 2020 91 5 1 Volunteers 2020 22 5 1 Websiteinnocenceproject wbr orgAs of 2021 update the Innocence Project has helped to successfully overturn over 300 convictions through DNA based exonerations 12 13 In 2021 Innocence Project received the biennial Milton Friedman Prize for Advancing Liberty by Cato Institute awarded in recognition and gratitude for its work to ensure liberty and justice for all 14 In March 2022 The Innocence Project won two Webby Awards for its Happiest Moments video winning the Best Humanitarian amp Services campaign in both the brand and non profit categories Happiest Moments was the organizations first ever public service announcement that premiered in June 2021 and was produced by Hayden5 15 16 Contents 1 Founding 2 Mission 3 Work 4 Overturned convictions 5 Innocence Network 6 Causes of wrongful conviction 7 In popular culture 7 1 Film 7 2 Literature 7 3 Podcasts 7 4 Television 8 See also 8 1 Related groups and regional chapters 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External linksFounding editThe Innocence Project was established in the wake of a study by the U S Department of Justice and U S Senate in conjunction with Yeshiva University s Benjamin N Cardozo School of Law which claimed that incorrect identification by eyewitnesses was a factor in over 70 of wrongful convictions 17 18 19 The Innocence Project was founded in 1992 by Scheck and Neufeld as part of a law clinic at Cardozo It became an independent 501 c 3 nonprofit organization on January 28 2003 20 but it maintains institutional connections with Cardozo 21 22 Madeline deLone was the executive director from 2004 until 2020 23 24 succeeded by Christina Swarns on September 8 2020 25 26 The Innocence Project is the headquarters of the Innocence Network a group of nearly 70 independent innocence organizations worldwide 27 One such example exists in the Republic of Ireland where in 2009 a project was set up at Griffith College Dublin 28 29 Mission editThe Innocence Project s mission is to free the staggering number of innocent people who remain incarcerated and to bring reform to the system responsible for their unjust imprisonment 1 30 The Innocence Project focuses exclusively on post conviction appeals in which DNA evidence is available to be tested or retested 31 32 DNA testing is possible in 5 10 of criminal cases 33 34 Other members of the Innocence Network also help to exonerate those in whose cases DNA testing is not possible 35 In addition to working on behalf of those who may have been wrongfully convicted of crimes throughout the United States those working for the Innocence Project perform research and advocacy related to the causes of wrongful convictions 11 36 Some of the Innocence Project s successes have resulted in releasing people from death row The successes of the project have fueled American opposition to the death penalty and have likely been a factor in the decision by some American states to institute moratoria on criminal executions 37 In District Attorney s Office v Osborne 2009 US Supreme Court Chief Justice Roberts wrote that post conviction challenge poses questions to our criminal justice systems and our traditional notions of finality better left to elected officials than federal judges In the opinion another justice wrote that forensic science has serious deficiencies Roberts also said that post conviction DNA testing risks unnecessarily overthrowing the established system of criminal justice Law professor Kevin Jon Heller wrote It might lead to a reasonably accurate one 38 The Innocence Project as of June 2018 receives 55 of its funding from individual contributions 16 from foundations 16 from events 8 from investments and the remaining 5 from corporations Yeshiva University and other sources 39 Work editThe Innocence Project originated in New York City but accepts cases from other parts of the country 40 The majority of clients helped are of low socio economic status and have used all possible legal options for justice Many clients hope that DNA evidence will prove their innocence as the emergence of DNA testing allows those who have been wrongly convicted of crimes to challenge their cases The Innocence Project also works with the local state and federal levels of law enforcement legislators and other programs to prevent further wrongful convictions 1 41 42 43 All potential clients go through an extensive screening process to determine whether or not they are likely to be innocent If they pass the process the Innocence Project takes up their case resources permitting About 2 400 prisoners write to the Innocence Project annually and at any given time the Innocence Project is evaluating 6 000 to 8 000 potential cases In addition to their co directors and a managing attorney the Innocence Project has six full time staff attorneys and nearly 300 active cases 44 45 In almost half of the cases that the Innocence Project takes on the clients guilt is reconfirmed by DNA testing Of all the cases taken on by the Innocence Project so far about 43 of clients were proven innocent 42 were confirmed guilty and evidence was inconclusive and not probative in 15 of cases In about 40 of all DNA exoneration cases law enforcement officials identified the actual perpetrator based on the same DNA test results that led to an exoneration 46 47 Overturned convictions editAs of January 2022 update 375 people previously convicted of serious crimes in the United States had been exonerated by DNA testing since 1989 21 of whom had been sentenced to death 13 48 Almost all 99 of the wrongful convictions were males 49 50 51 with minority groups constituting approximately 70 61 African American and 8 Latino 13 52 53 The National Registry of Exonerations lists 2 939 convicted defendants who were exonerated through DNA and non DNA evidence from January 1989 through January 2022 with more than 25 600 years imprisoned 54 According to a study published in 2014 at least 4 1 of persons overall sentenced to death from 1973 to 2004 are probably innocent 55 The following are some examples of exonerations they helped bring about Steven Avery was exonerated in 2003 after serving 18 years in prison for a sexual assault charge 56 57 After his release he was convicted of murder 58 59 Cornelius Dupree was convicted of sexual assault and robbery in 1980 and exonerated by DNA evidence in 2011 by the Innocence Project 60 61 Douglas Echols and Samuel Scott were convicted in 1987 of sexual assault and robbery and exonerated in 2002 by DNA evidence by the Innocence Project 62 63 Clarence Elkins was convicted in 1999 for rape and murder and exonerated by DNA evidence in 2005 defended by Ohio Innocence Project 64 65 Ryan Ferguson was convicted in 2005 for a 2001 murder and exonerated in 2013 because the prosecution withheld exculpatory evidence and the witnesses who testified against him recanted their testimony defended by Missouri Innocence Project 66 Glenn Ford was exonerated in 2014 in the murder of Isadore Newman Ford an African American had been convicted by an all white jury without any physical evidence linking him to the crime and with testimony withheld He served 30 years on death row in Angola Prison before his release 67 Darryl Hunt was exonerated in 2004 after serving 19 1 2 years in prison of a life sentence for the rape and murder of a newspaper copy editor Deborah Sykes 68 69 Michael Morton was convicted of murder in 1987 spent over 24 years in prison and exonerated through DNA and withholding of evidence in 2011 with help from the Innocence Project In 2013 his prosecutor was convicted of withholding evidence agreed to disbarment and spent 4 days in jail 70 Anthony Porter was convicted of murder in 1983 and exonerated in 1999 by the Medill Innocence Project 71 James Calvin Tillman was exonerated in 2007 after an investigation begun by the Innocence Project and after serving 16 1 2 years in prison for a rape he did not commit His sentence was 45 years 72 73 Archie Williams was convicted in 1983 of sexual assault and sentenced to life without the possibility of parole but was exonerated in 2019 due to DNA evidence after over three decades in prison 74 Ken Wyniemko was convicted in 1994 of sexual assault and exonerated in 2003 through DNA evidence by the Innocence Project 75 Michael Sutton and Kenny Phillips went out for Phillips birthday in May 2006 they were wrongfully arrested and incarcerated for 15 years In 2023 their attempted murder convictions were overturned and the University of Akron granted them full scholarships to earn their college degrees 76 Leonard Mack was exonerated of rape and gun charges after 47 years due to DNA evidence 77 78 Mack s wrongful conviction was the longest to be vacated to due advanced DNA testing 79 Perry Lott served 30 years in prison for rape and burglary charges before being cleared after DNA testing 80 81 82 Innocence Network editThe Innocence Project is a founding member of the Innocence Network a coalition of independent organizations and advocates including law schools journalism schools and public defense offices that collaborate to help convicted felons prove their innocence 83 84 As of 2021 update there were 68 organizations in the network operating in all 50 US states and 12 other countries and had helped exonerate 625 people 85 86 In South Africa the Wits Justice Project investigates South African incarcerations In partnership with the Wits Law Clinic the Julia Mashele Trust the Legal Resources Centre LRC the Open Democracy Advice Centre ODAC the US Innocence Project and the Justice Project investigate individual cases of prisoners wrongly convicted or awaiting trial 87 88 Causes of wrongful conviction editWrongful convictions are a common occurrence with various causes that land innocent defendants in prison Most common are false eyewitness accounts where the accused are incorrectly identified by viewers of a crime Most times eyewitnesses will select the individual in a lineup for example that most resemble their memories of the suspect This relies on the person s ability to perceive and later recall faces accurately which studies have shown is more than lacking 89 This accounts for 69 of the exonerations that took place due to the Innocence Project 90 91 further proving that eyewitness accounts are often unreliable While it is known that eyewitness identification can lead to wrongful convictions little has been done to prevent this inaccuracy and this is why it remains a leading cause of the conviction of the innocent Eyewitness testimonies are still used in court and studies have shown that jurors have a limited ability to determine the reliability of eyewitnesses as evidence In fact they tend to over believe eyewitnesses instead of weighing out the potential errors 89 This measure has proven to be inaccurate in many police lineups as there is much bias and suspects can be singled out based on their appearance and the frequency that they are placed in front of witnesses 92 Additionally 52 of the Innocence Project cases wrongful convictions have resulted from the misapplication of forensic science 93 94 These include faulty hair comparisons arson artifacts and comparative bullet lead analysis These methods of evidence collection evolve as new technology arises but said technology can take decades to create making cases based on the faulty forensic science cases difficult to overturn 95 In 26 of DNA exoneration cases 96 97 and more than double that number in homicide cases innocent people were coerced into making false confessions Many of these false confessors went on to plead guilty to crimes they did not commit usually to avoid a harsher sentence or even the death penalty Currently there is a racial aspect of this issue where many black people are discriminated against during both their trial and while in jail The hashtag blackbehindbars has allowed those exonerated after false confessions to share their stories and the injustice they faced due to the failure of the criminal justice system 98 Another large contributor of wrongful convictions is fabricated testimonies that falsely incriminate defendants The Innocence Project has found that 17 of its cases have been caused by false testimonies allowing the person who gave the testimony a shorter or better sentence while the accused face harsher repercussions 99 100 Many of these stories are given by inmates who have been given an incentive to falsely testify against certain people with rewards such as reduction of their sentences or leniency in prison 101 In popular culture editFilm edit After Innocence 2005 is a documentary featuring the stories of eight wrongfully convicted men who were exonerated by the Innocence Project 102 103 Conviction 2010 is a film about the exoneration of Kenneth Waters who was a client of the Innocence Project Hilary Swank plays Waters sister Betty Anne who went to college and law school to fight for his freedom and Sam Rockwell plays Waters Barry Scheck is portrayed by Peter Gallagher 104 105 106 Happiest Moments 2021 is a Webby Award winning video by Innocence Project Its the organizations first ever public service announcement produced by Hayden5 107 108 Literature edit In his nonfiction book The Innocent Man Murder and Injustice in a Small Town 2006 John Grisham recounted the cases of Ron Williamson and Dennis Fritz who were assisted on appeal by the Innocence Project and freed by DNA evidence after being wrongfully convicted of the murder of Debra Ann Carter Podcasts edit Serial in its first season referenced the Innocence Project in episode 7 when Deirdre Enright director of investigation for the Innocence Project at the University of Virginia School of Law and a team of law students analyzed the case against Adnan Syed 109 110 Television edit Castle an American television series in the episode Like Father Like Daughter season 6 episode 7 mentioned the Innocence Project as well as Frank Henson who was wrongfully convicted in 1998 of the death of Kimberly Tolbert 111 The Innocence Project a BBC One drama series that aired from 2006 to 2007 is based on a UK version of the organization 112 The Innocence Project was discussed in season 2 episode 9 of The Good Wife Nine Hours December 14 2010 Project co founder Barry Scheck played himself in the episode which was largely based on the actual Innocence Project case of Cameron Todd Willingham Cary Agos a recurring character on The Good Wife is written to have worked for the Innocence Project after law school and is a family friend of Scheck s 113 114 115 In season six of Suits a US legal dramedy law student and paralegal Rachel Zane takes on an Innocence Project for a man wrongfully accused of murder 116 In season three of Riverdale a dark reimagining of the Archie Comics universe Veronica Lodge mentions starting a chapter of the organization to help free her boyfriend Archie Andrews from prison following being falsely convicted of murder 117 Making a Murderer a two season of 10 episodes each documentary relating Steven Avery wrongful conviction The episodes were released on Netflix between 2015 and 2018 118 The Innocence Files 2020 is a series of nine documentary films based on the work of the Innocence Project released on Netflix in April 2020 119 120 Quantum Leap in the episode Ben Song for the Defense the Innocence Project is mentioned after Ben having leapt into a public defender successfully defends a teenager wrongfully accused of killing a gang recruiter 121 122 The Innocent Man 2018 is a Netflix mini series composed of six episodes based on the Grisham nonfiction book The Innocent Man Murder and Injustice in a Small Town 123 124 125 See also editMiscarriage of justice List of miscarriage of justice cases List of wrongful convictions in the United States Innocent prisoner s dilemmaRelated groups and regional chapters edit Alaska Innocence Project California Innocence Project Georgia Innocence Project Illinois Innocence Project Innocence Canada Investigating Innocence The Justice Project Australia Los Angeles Innocence Project LAIP Medill Innocence Project Illinois Nebraska Innocence Project Pennsylvania Innocence Project Texas Innocence ProjectReferences edit a b c d About Innocence Project Innocence Project Retrieved August 11 2021 a b Innocence Project Inc within Search for Tax Exempt Organizations Internal Revenue Service Retrieved August 11 2021 Staff Christina Swarns Innocence Project Board of Directors Jack Taylor Innocence Project a b c d e 2020 Form 990 for Innocence Project Inc within Search for Tax Exempt Organizations Internal Revenue Service Retrieved August 11 2021 Innocence Project Weil Gotshal amp Manges LLP www weil com Retrieved June 5 2023 Grisham John March 14 2018 Why the innocent end up in prison Chicago Tribune Haavik Emily May 31 2021 How many innocent people are in U S prisons and why can t we find them KARE11 Schwartzapfel Beth Levintova Hannah December 12 2011 How Many Innocent People Are in Prison Mother Jones How many innocent people are there in prison Innocence Project December 12 2011 Retrieved September 13 2018 a b The Innocence Project Crime Museum Retrieved June 5 2023 Laporte Gerald M September 7 2017 Wrongful Convictions and DNA Exonerations Understanding the Role of Forensic Science National Institute of Justice a b c DNA Exonerations in the United States Innocence Project Retrieved November 17 2019 Cato Institute Awards 2021 Milton Friedman Prize to the Innocence Project Cato Institute 2021 Retrieved July 16 2021 Top Spot of the Week Hayden5 Captures Happiest Moments First Ever PSA For The Innocence Project at Shoot Online by Robert Goldrich published July 2 2021 retrieved May 20 2022 The Innocence Project s first PSA captures the Happiest Moments at Campaign US by Mariah Cooper published July 6 2021 retrieved May 20 2022 Facts about Wrongful Convictions gt gt Mistaken Eyewitness Identifications Mid Atlantic Innocence Project Archived from the original on August 22 2008 Retrieved December 12 2006 The Innocence Project cardozo yu edu Retrieved June 6 2023 O Sullivan Rory March 8 2018 The Innocence Project A Short History Since 1983 Retrieved June 6 2023 Public Inquiry Search Our Corporation and Business Entity Database New York State Department of State Division of Corporations Retrieved August 11 2021 Frequently Asked Questions Innocence Project Archived from the original on December 28 2007 Retrieved December 9 2011 element Aebra Coe 2022 10 27 10 43 14 0400 Listen to article Your browser does not support the audio Cardozo To Build Justice Center With 15M From Marvel Chair Law360 Pulse www law360 com Retrieved June 5 2023 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Madeline deLone Executive Director Innocence Project Archived from the original on June 27 2010 Avenue 677 Huntington Boston Ma 02115 July 19 2016 A Matter of Conviction Harvard Public Health Magazine Retrieved June 5 2023 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Innocence Project announces new executive director Innocence Project April 27 2020 Retrieved February 15 2021 Leading the Innocence Project www law upenn edu Retrieved June 5 2023 Innocence Movement the Innocence Network and Policy Reform From Wrongful Conviction and Criminal Justice Reform Making Justice 2014 Marvin Zalman and Julia Carrano eds See NCJ 244328 Office of Justice Programs www ojp gov Retrieved June 5 2023 Langwallner David The Irish Innocence Project Symposium An International Exploration of Wrongful Conviction 80 University of Cincinnati Law Review 2011 2012 University of Cincinnati Law Review 80 1293 Retrieved November 14 2017 Langwallner David The Irish Innocence Project University of Cincinnati Retrieved June 5 2012 ICJIA Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority icjia illinois gov Retrieved June 5 2023 a b Submit a Case to the Innocence Project Innocence Project Retrieved January 18 2022 Acrobat Accessibility Report PDF www ojp gov Retrieved June 5 2023 The Innocence Project New York Innocence Project 2012 Archived from the original on October 15 2010 Retrieved June 6 2016 STATEMENT OF THE INNOCENCE PROJECT PDF Singh Saumya Majumdar Rima 2018 Innocence Project Righting a Wrong Nirma University Law Journal 7 11 Innocence Project InfluenceWatch Retrieved June 5 2023 Rosenthal Brian March 10 2011 Quinn signs bill ending death penalty in Illinois Medill Innocence Project credited with having role in statewide debate The Daily Northwestern Archived from the original on March 14 2011 Retrieved June 6 2012 Lundin Leigh June 28 2009 Dark Justice Criminal Brief Annual Report 2018 PDF The Innocence Project Intake is currently closed in Arizona California Illinois Michigan Ohio and Puerto Rico 31 Innocence Project New Orleans partners with JusticeText to litigate wrongful conviction cases justicetext com Retrieved June 6 2023 Innocence Project www law upenn edu Retrieved June 6 2023 Los Angeles Innocence Project partners with Cal State LA to fight for wrongfully convicted retrieved June 6 2023 Contact FAQ Innocence Project Retrieved January 18 2022 Project Innocence Eyewitness Identification NYXT Eyewitness Identification NYXT Retrieved June 6 2023 How often do DNA tests prove innocence in your cases Does testing ever prove guilt The Innocence Project Innocenceproject org Archived from the original on January 5 2015 Retrieved March 5 2015 Social Justice amp Racism Temple Sinai Summit www templesinainj org Retrieved June 6 2023 Bruenig Elizabeth June 9 2021 Not That Innocent The Atlantic Retrieved June 6 2023 Female DNA Exonerees Represent Only a Few of the Women Who Have Been Wrongfully Convicted Nationwide The Innocence Project Archived from the original on April 5 2012 Retrieved January 3 2012 Innocence Project Dipping Into Light Retrieved June 6 2023 After Innocence a documentary painful to watch and recommended Joshua Spodek January 11 2015 Retrieved June 6 2023 Kanu Hassan September 27 2022 Rising number of false convictions shows stark racial patterns Reuters Retrieved June 6 2023 Systemic Injustice in the Criminal Justice System Comparative Studies 1100 Autumn 2021 Calderon Ortiz u osu edu Retrieved June 6 2023 The National Registry of Exonerations Michigan Law More than 4 of death row inmates wrongly convicted study says Los Angeles Times April 29 2014 Steven Avery The Innocence Project Making A Murderer s Steven Avery Demands Review Of Latest Decision In His Case Oxygen Official Site August 27 2021 Retrieved June 6 2023 Kertscher Tom March 19 2007 Avery found guilty of killing woman Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Archived from the original on October 23 2012 Retrieved January 15 2016 Steven Avery National Registry of Exonerations www law umich edu Retrieved June 5 2023 Cornelius Dupree Jr National Registry of Exonerations 2012 Cornelius Dupree Chron Retrieved June 5 2023 Samuel Scott National Registry of Exonerations 2012 Douglas Echols Innocents Database of Exonerations forejustice org Retrieved June 5 2023 Clarence Elkins National Registry of Exonerations 2012 Wrongfully convicted man challenges Ohio s giving IRS his prison medical records The Columbus Dispatch Retrieved June 5 2023 Ryan Ferguson National Registry of Exonerations November 14 2013 Harris Dan Yu Katie Effron Lauren April 18 2015 Exonerated Death Row Inmate Meets the Former Prosecutor Who Put Him There Nightline ABC Retrieved April 18 2015 Zerwick Phoebe February 6 2004 Hunt exonerated Winston Salem Journal Archived from the original on April 29 2013 Retrieved June 2 2013 Zerwick Phoebe 2003 Murder Race Justice The State vs Darryl Hunt Journal Now Michael Morton National Registry of Exonerations 2012 Anthony Porter National Registry of Exonerations 2012 James Tillman 17 Years in Prison Innocent Archived 2010 06 27 at the Wayback Machine Innocence Project Borsuk Ken October 10 2018 Innocence Project brings message of healing to Greenwich GreenwichTime Retrieved June 5 2023 After 36 Years in a Louisiana Prison for a Rape He Didn t Commit Archie Williams Wins Freedom and a TV Show Spotlight Prison Legal News Kenneth Wyniemko National Registry of Exonerations 2012 Negussie Tesfaye March 10 2023 Two wrongfully convicted men granted scholarships to University of Akron ABC News Retrieved June 5 2023 Leonard Mack National Registry of Exonerations www law umich edu Retrieved November 14 2023 Propper David September 6 2023 Leonard Mack exonerated of 1975 rape of teen girl in Westchester nypost com Retrieved November 14 2023 Hit in DNA Database Proves Leonard Mack s Innocence After 47 Years of Wrongful Conviction Innocence Project Retrieved November 14 2023 Oklahoma man who spent 30 years in prison for rape is exonerated after DNA testing I have never lost hope CBS News www cbsnews com October 11 2023 Retrieved November 14 2023 After 35 Years Perry Lott Receives Delayed Justice Oklahoma Watch Oklahoma Watch Retrieved November 14 2023 Greco Jonathan October 10 2023 Oklahoma man exonerated after being wrongfully convicted in 1988 of rape burglary KOCO Retrieved November 14 2023 Belle Elly April 15 2020 How You Can Help The Innocence Project The Advocates Behind Netflix s New Docuseries Refinery29 Innocence Network Our Story Innocence Network Archived from the original on July 30 2021 Retrieved August 11 2021 Innocence Network Innocence Project Retrieved August 11 2021 Illinois Innocence Project to mark Wrongful Conviction Day with events The State Journal Register Retrieved June 5 2023 Gordin Jeremy August 2009 The Justice Project Witwatersrand SA Wits Journalism Programme Retrieved January 4 2011 dead link cdaniel Innocence Project South Africa Archives Santa Clara Law Retrieved June 5 2023 a b Webster Elizabeth January 1 2020 The Prosecutor as a Final Safeguard Against False Convictions How Prosecutors Assist with Exoneration Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 110 2 245 How Eyewitness Misidentification Can Send Innocent People to Prison The Innocence Project April 15 2020 Knowles Lindsay Spann Alison July 16 2021 Falsely Accused Mistaken eyewitness accounts make up majority of wrongful convictions wlox Retrieved June 5 2023 Sullum Jacob July 24 2019 How Confirmation Bias Sends Innocent People to Prison Reason com Retrieved June 5 2023 Overturning Wrongful Convictions Involving Misapplied Forensics The Innocence Project Marshall The Law Offices of Jonathan F April 5 2023 How To Challenge a Wrongful Conviction Based on Forensic Evidence The Law Offices of Jonathan F Marshall Retrieved June 5 2023 Wrongful Convictions and DNA Exonerations Understanding the Role of Forensic Science National Institute of Justice Retrieved June 5 2023 BlackBehindBars The Innocence Project West Emily Meterko Vanessa March 22 2016 Innocence project DNA exonerations 1989 2014 review of data and findings from the first 25 years Albany Law Review 79 3 717 796 Report Blacks Seven Times More Likely than Whites to Be Wrongfully Convicted of Murder Informing injustice The disturbing use of jailhouse informants The Innocence Project March 6 2019 Why Do Wrongful Convictions Happen Korey Wise Innocence Project University of Colorado Boulder www colorado edu Retrieved June 5 2023 BRIEF OF THE INNOCENCE PROJECT AND INNOCENCE NETWORK AS AMICI CURIAE IN SUPPORT OF PETITIONER PDF Sanders Jessica After Innocence Documentary American Film Foundation Showtime Independent Films Showtime Networks retrieved June 5 2023 Sanders Jessica After Innocence Film Review Spirituality amp Practice www spiritualityandpractice com Retrieved June 5 2023 Aitkenhead Decca December 11 2010 Betty Anne Waters We thought Kenny was coming home The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved June 5 2023 Go Behind the Story of CONVICTION with The Innocence Project Searchlight Pictures Retrieved June 5 2023 Jury Rules Against Conviction Arts The Harvard Crimson www thecrimson com Retrieved June 5 2023 Innocence Project Honored With Two Webby Anthem Awards Dedicates Action Speech to Melissa Lucio on Texas Death Row at Innocence Project published March 1 2022 retrieved May 11 2022 Happiest Moments The Shorty Awards shortyawards com Retrieved June 5 2023 Robinson Lisa September 20 2022 Innocence Project Problem of wrongful convictions is systemwide WBAL Retrieved June 5 2023 Serial Subject Adnan Syed Who Was Aided by Innocence Project at UVA Law Released From Prison University of Virginia School of Law September 21 2022 Retrieved June 5 2023 Starr report December 13 2010 Retrieved June 5 2023 Smallman Etan April 23 2007 The Innocence Squad Etan Smallman meets five students forgoing the pub and lie ins to devote their time to investigating alleged miscarriages of justice Times Online Archived from the original on October 7 2008 Retrieved April 4 2023 Scheck on The Good Wife The Innocence Project Blog Archived from the original on August 3 2012 Retrieved June 6 2012 This founder of The Innocence Project once appeared on The Good Wife Start TV Retrieved June 5 2023 The Good Wife Los Angeles Times December 15 2010 Retrieved June 5 2023 Catching Up With Former U S Attorney Zane Memeger 91 University of Virginia School of Law August 18 2017 Retrieved June 5 2023 Henehan Billy October 24 2018 Syndicated Comics The Beat Retrieved June 5 2023 Making A Murderer s Steven Avery Demands Review Of Latest Decision In His Case Oxygen Official Site August 27 2021 Retrieved June 5 2023 Horton Adrian April 15 2020 The Innocence Files a shocking Netflix series on wrongful convictions The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved June 5 2023 Watch The Innocence Files Netflix Official Site www netflix com Retrieved June 5 2023 Quantum Leap Season 1 Episode 15 Review Ben Song For The Defense TV Fanatic March 13 2023 Retrieved June 5 2023 Povey Jennifer R March 29 2023 Quantum Leap Episode Review Season One Episode 15 Ben Song For The Defense Views of Other Planes Retrieved June 5 2023 The Story Behind Netflix s True Crime Series The Innocent Man Time December 14 2018 Retrieved June 9 2023 Watch The Innocent Man Netflix Official Site www netflix com Retrieved June 9 2023 The Innocent Man Documentary Crime Heather McPhaul John Grisham Erik Anthony Russo Campfire The Gernert Company December 14 2018 retrieved June 9 2023 a href Template Citation html title Template Citation citation a CS1 maint others link Further reading editDunning Brian March 1 2022 Skeptoid 821 Forensic Pseudo Science Skeptoid Retrieved May 15 2022 External links editOfficial website Innocence Network Innocence Network UK INUK An organisation to facilitate casework on alleged wrongful convictions by innocence projects Innocent org uk Website of UK cases of alleged and proven miscarriages of justice Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Innocence Project amp oldid 1193272855, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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