The Mosasaurinae are a subfamily of mosasaurs, a diverse group of Late Cretaceous marine squamates. Members of the subfamily are informally and collectively known as "mosasaurines" and their fossils have been recovered from every continent except for South America.[4]
The lineage first appears in the Turonian and thrived until the K-Pg mass extinction at the end of the Maastrichtian. They ranged in size from some of the smallest known mosasaurs (Carinodens, 3–3.5 meters), to medium-sized taxa (Clidastes, 6+ meters), to the largest of the mosasaurs (Mosasaurus hoffmannii) potentially reaching about 13 m in length. Many genera of mosasaurines were either piscivorous or generalists, preying on fish and other marine reptiles, but one lineage, the Globidensini, evolved specialized crushing teeth, adapting to a diet of ammonites and/or marine turtles.
Though represented by relatively small forms throughout the Turonian and Santonian, such as Clidastes, the lineage diversified during the Campanian and had by the Maastrichtian grown into the most diverse and species-rich mosasaur subfamily.[5]
The etymology of the group derives from the genus Mosasaurus (LatinMosa = "Meuse river" + Greeksauros = "lizard").
Russell (1967, pp. 123–124)[6] defined the Mosasaurinae as differing from all other mosasaurs as follows: "Small rostrum present or absent anterior to premaxillary teeth. Fourteen or more teeth present in dentary and maxilla. Cranial nerves X, XI, and XII leave lateral wall of opisthotic through two foramina. No canal or groove in floor of basioccipital or basisphenoid for basilar artery. Suprastapedial process of quadrate distally expanded. Dorsal edge of surangular thin lamina of bone rising anteriorly to posterior surface of coronoid...At least 31, usually 42–45 presacral vertebrae present. Length of presacral series exceeds that of postsacral, neural spines of posterior caudal vertebrae elongated to form distinct fin. Appendicular elements with smoothly finished articular surfaces, tarsus and carpus well ossified." In his 1997 revision of the phylogeny of the Mosasauroidea, Bell (pp. 293–332) retained the Mosasaurinae as a clade, though he reassigned Russell's tribe Prognathodontini to the Mosasaurinae and recognized a new tribe of mosasaurines, the Globidensini.[7][8]
The subfamily is generally recognised as containing two subdivisions, the tribes Globidensini (Globidens and its closest relatives) and Mosasaurini (Mosasaurus and its closest relatives). A third tribe, the Prognathodontini (Prognathodon and its closest relatives, such as Plesiotylosaurus), is also used on occasion.[6] "Clidastini" or the adjective "clidastine" is also used sometimes, but generally refers to an adaptive grade close to and containing the genus Clidastes, rather than an actual clade.[9]
Relationshipsedit
Cladogram of the Mosasaurinae modified from Longrich et al., 2022:[10]
^DeBraga, Michael; Carroll, Robert L. (1993), Hecht, Max K.; MacIntyre, Ross J.; Clegg, Michael T. (eds.), "The Origin of Mosasaurs as a Model of Macroevolutionary Patterns and Processes", Evolutionary Biology, Boston, MA: Springer US, pp. 245–322, doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2878-4_7, ISBN978-1-4615-2878-4, retrieved 2022-07-13
^Konishi, Takuya; Ohara, Masaaki; Misaki, Akihiro; Matsuoka, Hiroshige; Street, Hallie P.; Caldwell, Michael W. (2023). "A new derived mosasaurine (Squamata: Mosasaurinae) from south-western Japan reveals unexpected postcranial diversity among hydropedal mosasaurs". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 21 (1). doi:10.1080/14772019.2023.2277921. ISSN 1477-2019.
^Kaddumi, Hani F. (2009). "A new durophagous mosasaur (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from the Maastrichtian Muwaqqar Chalk Marl Formation of the Harrana Fauna". Fossils of the Harrana Fauna and the Adjacent Areas. Amman: Eternal River Museum of Natural History. pp. 36–48. OCLC 709582892.
^"Fossilworks: Mosasaurinae". fossilworks.org. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
^Polcyn, Michael J.; Jacobs, Louis L.; Araújo, Ricardo; Schulp, Anne S.; Mateus, Octávio (2014-04-15). "Physical drivers of mosasaur evolution". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. Physical drivers in the evolution of marine tetrapods. 400: 17–27. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.05.018.
^ abRussell, Dale. A. (6 November 1967). "Systematics and Morphology of American Mosasaurs" (PDF). Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History (Yale University).
^Bell, G. L. Jr., 1997. A phylogenetic revision of North American and Adriatic Mosasauroidea. pp. 293–332 In Callaway J. M. and E. L Nicholls, (eds.), Ancient Marine Reptiles, Academic Press, 501 pp.
^Gervais, P. 1853. Observations relatives aux reptiles fossiles de France. Acad. Sci. Paris Compt. Rendus 36:374–377, 470–474.
^Caldwell, Michael; Konishi, Takuya (2007). "Taxonomic re-assignment of the first-known mosasaur specimen from Japan, and a discussion of circum-pacific mosasaur paleobiogeography". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 27 (2): 517–520. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[517:trotfm]2.0.co;2. S2CID 86219057.
^Nicholas R. Longrich; Nour-Eddine Jalil; Fatima Khaldoune; Oussama Khadiri Yazami; Xabier Pereda-Suberbiola; Nathalie Bardet (2022). "Thalassotitan atrox, a giant predatory mosasaurid (Squamata) from the Upper Maastrichtian Phosphates of Morocco". Cretaceous Research. 140: 105315. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105315. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 251821884.
Further readingedit
Kiernan, C. R. (2002). "Stratigraphic distribution and habitat segregation of mosasaurs in the Upper Cretaceous of western and central Alabama, with an historical review of Alabama mosasaur discoveries". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 22 (1): 91–103. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0091:sdahso]2.0.co;2. S2CID 130280406.
Williston, S. W. (1897). "Range and distribution of the mosasaurs with remarks on synonymy". Kansas University Quarterly. 4 (4): 177–185.
April 10, 2024
mosasaurinae, subfamily, mosasaurs, diverse, group, late, cretaceous, marine, squamates, members, subfamily, informally, collectively, known, mosasaurines, their, fossils, have, been, recovered, from, every, continent, except, south, america, mosasaurinestempo. The Mosasaurinae are a subfamily of mosasaurs a diverse group of Late Cretaceous marine squamates Members of the subfamily are informally and collectively known as mosasaurines and their fossils have been recovered from every continent except for South America 4 MosasaurinesTemporal range Late Cretaceous 92 66 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg NMounted skeleton of Mosasaurus conodon Minnesota Science MuseumScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass ReptiliaOrder SquamataClade MosasauriaSuperfamily MosasauroideaFamily MosasauridaeSubfamily MosasaurinaeGervais 1853Type species Mosasaurus hoffmanniiMantell 1829Genera Amphekepubis 1 Clidastes Dallasaurus Gnathomortis Goronyosaurus Jormungandr Kourisodon Liodon Megapterygius 2 Plesiotylosaurus Prognathodon Stelladens Thalassotitan Globidensini Carinodens Globidens Harranasaurus 3 Igdamanosaurus Xenodens Mosasaurini Bentiabasaurus Eremiasaurus Plotosaurus Moanasaurus MosasaurusThe lineage first appears in the Turonian and thrived until the K Pg mass extinction at the end of the Maastrichtian They ranged in size from some of the smallest known mosasaurs Carinodens 3 3 5 meters to medium sized taxa Clidastes 6 meters to the largest of the mosasaurs Mosasaurus hoffmannii potentially reaching about 13 m in length Many genera of mosasaurines were either piscivorous or generalists preying on fish and other marine reptiles but one lineage the Globidensini evolved specialized crushing teeth adapting to a diet of ammonites and or marine turtles Though represented by relatively small forms throughout the Turonian and Santonian such as Clidastes the lineage diversified during the Campanian and had by the Maastrichtian grown into the most diverse and species rich mosasaur subfamily 5 The etymology of the group derives from the genus Mosasaurus Latin Mosa Meuse river Greek sauros lizard Contents 1 Description 2 Relationships 3 References 4 Further readingDescription edit nbsp Skeleton of Clidastes liodontus mounted as if pursuing a fossil sea turtleRussell 1967 pp 123 124 6 defined the Mosasaurinae as differing from all other mosasaurs as follows Small rostrum present or absent anterior to premaxillary teeth Fourteen or more teeth present in dentary and maxilla Cranial nerves X XI and XII leave lateral wall of opisthotic through two foramina No canal or groove in floor of basioccipital or basisphenoid for basilar artery Suprastapedial process of quadrate distally expanded Dorsal edge of surangular thin lamina of bone rising anteriorly to posterior surface of coronoid At least 31 usually 42 45 presacral vertebrae present Length of presacral series exceeds that of postsacral neural spines of posterior caudal vertebrae elongated to form distinct fin Appendicular elements with smoothly finished articular surfaces tarsus and carpus well ossified In his 1997 revision of the phylogeny of the Mosasauroidea Bell pp 293 332 retained the Mosasaurinae as a clade though he reassigned Russell s tribe Prognathodontini to the Mosasaurinae and recognized a new tribe of mosasaurines the Globidensini 7 8 The subfamily is generally recognised as containing two subdivisions the tribes Globidensini Globidens and its closest relatives and Mosasaurini Mosasaurus and its closest relatives A third tribe the Prognathodontini Prognathodon and its closest relatives such as Plesiotylosaurus is also used on occasion 6 Clidastini or the adjective clidastine is also used sometimes but generally refers to an adaptive grade close to and containing the genus Clidastes rather than an actual clade 9 Relationships editCladogram of the Mosasaurinae modified from Longrich et al 2022 10 Mosasaurinae KourisodonClidastesGlobidensini Globidens simplexGlobidens schumaniGlobidens phosphaticusPrognathodon rapax Ancylocentrum hungerfordi Globidens alambamensisGlobidens dakotensisPrognathodontini GnathomortisPrognathodon overtoniPrognathodon saturatorThalassotitan atroxPrognathodon curriiPrognathodon giganteusPrognathodon lutuginiPrognathodon solvayiMosasaurini MoanasaurusMosasaurus mokoroaMosasaurus conodonPlesiotylosaurusPlotosaurusMosasaurus missouriensisMosasaurus lemonnieriMosasaurus hoffmanniiMosasaurus beaugeiMosasaurus maximusLiodonMosasaurus sp MGGC 21876 Magahouanga mosasaurine CarinodensXenodensReferences edit DeBraga Michael Carroll Robert L 1993 Hecht Max K MacIntyre Ross J Clegg Michael T eds The Origin of Mosasaurs as a Model of Macroevolutionary Patterns and Processes Evolutionary Biology Boston MA Springer US pp 245 322 doi 10 1007 978 1 4615 2878 4 7 ISBN 978 1 4615 2878 4 retrieved 2022 07 13 Konishi Takuya Ohara Masaaki Misaki Akihiro Matsuoka Hiroshige Street Hallie P Caldwell Michael W 2023 A new derived mosasaurine Squamata Mosasaurinae from south western Japan reveals unexpected postcranial diversity among hydropedal mosasaurs Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 21 1 doi 10 1080 14772019 2023 2277921 ISSN 1477 2019 Kaddumi Hani F 2009 A new durophagous mosasaur Squamata Mosasauridae from the Maastrichtian Muwaqqar Chalk Marl Formation of the Harrana Fauna Fossils of the Harrana Fauna and the Adjacent Areas Amman Eternal River Museum of Natural History pp 36 48 OCLC 709582892 Fossilworks Mosasaurinae fossilworks org Retrieved 17 December 2021 Polcyn Michael J Jacobs Louis L Araujo Ricardo Schulp Anne S Mateus Octavio 2014 04 15 Physical drivers of mosasaur evolution Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology Physical drivers in the evolution of marine tetrapods 400 17 27 doi 10 1016 j palaeo 2013 05 018 a b Russell Dale A 6 November 1967 Systematics and Morphology of American Mosasaurs PDF Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History Yale University Bell G L Jr 1997 A phylogenetic revision of North American and Adriatic Mosasauroidea pp 293 332 In Callaway J M and E L Nicholls eds Ancient Marine Reptiles Academic Press 501 pp Gervais P 1853 Observations relatives aux reptiles fossiles de France Acad Sci Paris Compt Rendus 36 374 377 470 474 Caldwell Michael Konishi Takuya 2007 Taxonomic re assignment of the first known mosasaur specimen from Japan and a discussion of circum pacific mosasaur paleobiogeography Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 2 517 520 doi 10 1671 0272 4634 2007 27 517 trotfm 2 0 co 2 S2CID 86219057 Nicholas R Longrich Nour Eddine Jalil Fatima Khaldoune Oussama Khadiri Yazami Xabier Pereda Suberbiola Nathalie Bardet 2022 Thalassotitan atrox a giant predatory mosasaurid Squamata from the Upper Maastrichtian Phosphates of Morocco Cretaceous Research 140 105315 doi 10 1016 j cretres 2022 105315 ISSN 0195 6671 S2CID 251821884 Further reading editKiernan C R 2002 Stratigraphic distribution and habitat segregation of mosasaurs in the Upper Cretaceous of western and central Alabama with an historical review of Alabama mosasaur discoveries Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22 1 91 103 doi 10 1671 0272 4634 2002 022 0091 sdahso 2 0 co 2 S2CID 130280406 Williston S W 1897 Range and distribution of the mosasaurs with remarks on synonymy Kansas University Quarterly 4 4 177 185 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mosasaurinae amp oldid 1189431296, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
