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Mahidol Adulyadej

Mahitala Dhibesra Adulyadej Vikrom, the Prince Father[1] (Thai: สมเด็จพระมหิตลาธิเบศร อดุลยเดชวิกรม พระบรมราชชนก RTGSSomdet Phra Mahitalathibet Adunyadetwikrom Phra Borommaratchachanok, 1 January 1892 – 24 September 1929), formerly Prince Mahidol Adulyadej, Prince of Songkla (Thai: สมเด็จเจ้าฟ้ามหิดลอดุลยเดช กรมหลวงสงขลานครินทร์) or Mahidol Songkla, was the father of King Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII) and King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) of Thailand, and the paternal grandfather of King Vajiralongkorn (Rama X). He was also regarded as the father of modern medicine and public health in Thailand. He also founded the House of Mahidol or the present Royal Family of Thailand.[2] His two sons reigned for more than eight decades, longer than the Ibn Saud siblings of Saudi Arabia, and the Nahyan siblings of Abu Dhabi.

Mahidol Adulyadej
มหิดลอดุลยเดช
Prince Father
Prince of Songkla
Born(1892-01-01)1 January 1892
Bangkok, Siam
Died24 September 1929(1929-09-24) (aged 37)
Bangkok, Siam
Burial16 March 1930
Royal Crematorium, Sanam Luang, Bangkok
Spouse
(m. 1920)
Issue
Detail
Names
Mahidol Adulyadej Naresuan Maharajadhibodindra Chulalongkoranindravarangkun Sombunbenjabhon Sirisavati Khattiya Warophatosuchati Kunnasangkatkiatprakit Laksanavichit Phisitburut Chanuttamarat Phattanasak Akavorarajakumarn
Posthumous name
Somdet Phra Mahitala Dhibesra Adulyadej Vikrom Phra Borommaraja Chanok
HouseMahidol (Chakri dynasty)
FatherChulalongkorn (Rama V)
MotherSavang Vadhana
ReligionTheravada Buddhism
Signature
Military career
AllegianceKingdom of Siam
Service/branch
Years of service1908–1914
Rank
Styles of
The Prince Father
Reference styleHis Royal Highness

Prince Mahidol was the 69th child of King Chulalongkorn and the 7th of Queen Savang Vadhana. His mother also adopted four other royal princes whose commoner mother (Chao Chom Manda) had died; among them was Prince Rangsit Prayulsak, later Prince of Chainat, who became a very close friend of Prince Mahidol during his childhood. Later in their lives, Prince Rangsit would play a pivotal role in Mahidol's career, and would later be appointed regent to one of Mahidol's sons, Bhumibol.

Early life edit

 
Younger Prince Mahidol Adulyadej and Princess Valaya Alongkorn
 
Prince Mahidol Adulyadej (center) with Prince Vajirunhis and Princess Piyamavadi

Like the other sons of King Chulalongkorn, Prince Mahidol started his education at the Royal School within the Grand Palace. He received the title of Prince of Songkla at age 13.

He was sent to London in 1905, and after spending a year and a half in Harrow School, he moved to Germany to join the Royal Prussian Military Preparatory College at Potsdam according to the wish of his father, then continued his military education at the Imperial Military Academy at Groß–Lichterfelde in Berlin. Following the wish of his half-brother, King Vajiravudh, he then entered the Imperial German Naval Academy at Flensburg-Mürwik. While there, he won a competition in submarine design. He was commissioned Lieutenant in both the Imperial German Navy and the Royal Thai Navy in 1912.

The start of World War I compelled the Prince to come back to Thailand in 1914; he was assigned to a teaching post at the Royal Naval Academy. He continued his interest in smaller vessels, including submarines and torpedo boats; this later led to conflict at a meeting, where he was overruled by senior naval officers, most of whom were British graduates and preferred larger vessels. The Prince, feeling that his expertise would never be used, resigned his post nine months after joining the Navy.

Medical career edit

 
Prince Mahidol Adulyadej with his sister Princess Valaya Alongkorn and his mother, Queen Sri Savarindira (Savang Vadhana).

His half-brother and old friend Prince Rangsit then came into play. He was at that time Chief of the Royal Medical College. Medical and public health education at that time lagged behind the Western standard. The Medical College and its hospital, Siriraj, were small, crowded, underfunded, understaffed and ill-equipped.

 
Prince of Songkhla in Royal Guards uniform

Prince Rangsit, himself a lesser-class prince (as his mother was a commoner), thought that to have someone of high prestige like Prince Mahidol (who was a first-class celestial prince as he was born to a royal mother who was also a daughter of a king) supporting the movement to improve medical practice and public health in Thailand would generate more interest and probably more funding. He strategically invited Prince Mahidol to a boat trip along the Bangkok Yai and Bangkok Noi canals. His office, Siriraj Hospital, was on the route, and this was where he invited his half-brother to stop and have a look around. Having seen Mahidol's reaction to the poor state of the hospital, Prince Rangsit asked him if he wanted to help; Mahidol's answer at that time was, however, not very positive as he was concerned that he knew nothing about medicine himself. However, a few days elapsed and he agreed to help. He also decided he would study in related fields himself.

Thus the Prince went to Cambridge, Massachusetts to study public health at Harvard. He also asked Prince Rangsit to select four students to be sent to the U.S.: two medical students who would be funded by Mahidol himself and two nursing students who would be funded by his mother, Queen Savang Vadhana. It was said that the Prince went to the train station to greet the students himself. This was when an unintended sequel of Prince Rangsit's scheme occurred: one of the nursing students who arrived was the 18-year-old Miss Sangwal Talabhat, future wife of Prince Mahidol and mother of two future kings of Thailand. Mahidol diligently looked after his students, and thus became close to Miss Talabhat, who then accompanied him back to Thailand three years later to attend the funeral of Queen Saovabha. While there, they married under the royal blessing of his half-brother King Vajiravudh at Sapathum Palace before returning to Harvard. He received his Certificate in Public Health in the following year (1921).

After his study, he went to Edinburgh for a break but was also asked to represent the Thai government in liaising with the Rockefeller Foundation, which was offering monetary and technical help to improve Thailand's medical and public health education. His first child, Princess Galyani Vadhana, was born in London in 1923. He returned to Thailand in the same year to take the position of Director-General of the University Department in the Ministry of Education. Apart from his administrative duties, he also taught pre-clinical medical students at the Royal Medical College.

Later life edit

In 1925 he went to Heidelberg, Germany to have his kidneys treated before going back to his alma mater Harvard University, this time to study medicine. It was in Heidelberg where his first son Prince Ananda Mahidol was born in the same year. His youngest son Prince Bhumibol was born in Massachusetts in 1927; six months later he received his M.D. cum laude.[3] He returned to Thailand in December 1928.

One of the first things he did when he returned was to set up scholarships for students in the fields of medicine, nursing, and public health. He was planning to return to Siriraj Hospital for an internship. However, his princely status then became a problem as it was felt that he was too prestigious to be allowed an internship. Undeterred, Mahidol chose another hospital in a more egalitarian environment – the missionary-run McCormick Hospital in Chiang Mai. He worked there, day and night, as a resident doctor. His patients fondly called him "Mho Chao Fa" ('Doctor Prince').

 
Statue of Mahidol Adulyadej in Siriraj Hospital

Before long, complications with his kidney problems resurfaced. Three weeks after he started working, he visited Bangkok to attend the funeral of his uncle, and was never able to return to Chiang Mai. It appeared that he also had liver abscess, and his health continually deteriorated. Prince Mahidol died on 24 September 1929 at Sapathum Palace.

He was posthumously given the title of the Prince Father (Somdej Phra Mahittalathibet Adulyadejvikrom Phra Borommarajachanok – สมเด็จพระมหิตลาธิเบศ อดุลยเดชวิกรม พระบรมราชชนก) with a special royal rank equivalent to front palaces.

Legacy edit

 
Wreath laying on Mahidol Day, pictured here in 2022 at Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University

Prince Mahidol of Songkla taught at Chulalongkorn University. Apart from being an instructor and administrator at the university, he was also of one of its great benefactors. He donated a large amount of his own fortune to set up scholarships which enabled university lecturers in science and medicine to further their studies. He negotiated with Rockefeller Foundation in helping the university improve from its poor academic foundation.[4]

His legacies remain to this day. The students sent abroad under his scholarships became key players in modern medicine of Thailand: many were regarded as great teachers, and some helped establish new medical schools and universities. The Royal Medical School later became the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Chulalongkorn University. It was key source of faculty of Medical University when it was founded in 1943. In 1969 the Medical University was granted the Prince's name by royal decree and became Mahidol University. The "Prince of Songkla" title became the name of Prince of Songkla University in 1967.

In commemoration of the centenary of the Prince's birth, the Prince Mahidol Award was created in 1992. This is an international award in the fields of medicine, public health, and social services. The anniversary of his passing is observed as Mahidol Day.

The following places are named after him:

Public health institute
Academy
Species
Others

Issue edit

Name Birth Death Marriage Their children
Date Spouse
Galyani Vadhana, Princess of Naradhiwas 6 May 1923 2 January 2008 (aged 84) 11 July 1944
Divorced 1950
Aram Rattanakul Serireongrit Dhasanawalaya Ratanakul Serireongrit
24 September 1969 Peince Varananda Dhavaj None
Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII) 20 September 1925 9 June 1946 (aged 20) None None
Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) 5 December 1927 13 October 2016 (aged 88) 28 April 1950 Sirikit Kitiyakara Princess Ubolratana
Vajiralongkorn (Rama X)
Sirindhorn, Princess Royal
Chulabhorn, Princess Srisavangavadhana

Military rank edit

Wild Tiger Corps of Thailand rank edit

Civil Service of Siam rank edit

Ancestry edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "List of Royal Titles". Somdetch Phra Mahitala Dhibesra Adulyadej Vikrom the Prince Father Foundation. Retrieved 1 January 2019.
  2. ^ Post Publishing PCL. "Prince Mahidol & medical education in Thailand". bangkokpost.com.
  3. ^ "Thailand's "Father of Modern Medicine"". News. 23 January 2014. Retrieved 22 December 2018.
  4. ^ William H. Becker. "Assets: Rockefellerfoundation." Rockefellerfoundation. 2013. https://assets.rockefellerfoundation.org/app/uploads/20131001203515/Innovative-Partners.pdf (29 November 2016 ที่เข้าถึง).
  5. ^ 12 พฤศจิกายน 2536 พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรมินทรมหาภูมิพลอดุลยเดช ทรงลงพระปรมาภิไธยพระราชทานนามอาคารคณะสาธารณสุขศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยบูรพา ที่กำลังก่อสร้าง เป็น "อาคารมหิตลาธิเบศร" ตามพระนามของ "พระบิดาแห่งการสาธารณสุขไทย" 25 มกราคม 2538 สมเด็จพระเทพรัตนราชสุดาฯ สยามบรมราชกุมารี เสด็จพระราชดำเนินทรงเป็นองค์ประธานในพิธีเปิดอาคารภายในมหาวิทยาลัยบูรพา ประกอบด้วย อาคารมหิตลาธิเบศร อาคารศรีนครินทร์ และอาคาร 60 พรรษา มหาราชินี
  6. ^ Mahidolia mystacina (Valenciennes, 1837)
  7. ^ [bare URL PDF]
  8. ^ [bare URL PDF]
  9. ^ a b [bare URL PDF]
  10. ^ a b . Archived from the original on 24 July 2008.

External links edit

  • Prince Mahidol Award Foundation

mahidol, adulyadej, mahidol, redirects, here, other, uses, mahidol, disambiguation, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed,. Mahidol redirects here For other uses see Mahidol disambiguation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Mahidol Adulyadej news newspapers books scholar JSTOR September 2014 Learn how and when to remove this message Mahitala Dhibesra Adulyadej Vikrom the Prince Father 1 Thai smedcphramhitlathiebsr xdulyedchwikrm phrabrmrachchnk RTGS Somdet Phra Mahitalathibet Adunyadetwikrom Phra Borommaratchachanok 1 January 1892 24 September 1929 formerly Prince Mahidol Adulyadej Prince of Songkla Thai smedcecafamhidlxdulyedch krmhlwngsngkhlankhrinthr or Mahidol Songkla was the father of King Ananda Mahidol Rama VIII and King Bhumibol Adulyadej Rama IX of Thailand and the paternal grandfather of King Vajiralongkorn Rama X He was also regarded as the father of modern medicine and public health in Thailand He also founded the House of Mahidol or the present Royal Family of Thailand 2 His two sons reigned for more than eight decades longer than the Ibn Saud siblings of Saudi Arabia and the Nahyan siblings of Abu Dhabi Mahidol AdulyadejmhidlxdulyedchPrince FatherPrince of SongklaBorn 1892 01 01 1 January 1892Bangkok SiamDied24 September 1929 1929 09 24 aged 37 Bangkok SiamBurial16 March 1930Royal Crematorium Sanam Luang BangkokSpouseSangwan Talapat m 1920 wbr IssueDetailGalyani Vadhana Princess of NaradhiwasAnanda Mahidol Rama VIII Bhumibol Adulyadej Rama IX NamesMahidol Adulyadej Naresuan Maharajadhibodindra Chulalongkoranindravarangkun Sombunbenjabhon Sirisavati Khattiya Warophatosuchati Kunnasangkatkiatprakit Laksanavichit Phisitburut Chanuttamarat Phattanasak AkavorarajakumarnPosthumous nameSomdet Phra Mahitala Dhibesra Adulyadej Vikrom Phra Borommaraja ChanokHouseMahidol Chakri dynasty FatherChulalongkorn Rama V MotherSavang VadhanaReligionTheravada BuddhismSignatureMilitary careerAllegianceKingdom of SiamService wbr branchRoyal Siamese ArmyRoyal Siamese NavyYears of service1908 1914RankSenior colonelCaptainAdmiral of the fleet posthumous Styles of The Prince FatherReference styleHis Royal Highness Prince Mahidol was the 69th child of King Chulalongkorn and the 7th of Queen Savang Vadhana His mother also adopted four other royal princes whose commoner mother Chao Chom Manda had died among them was Prince Rangsit Prayulsak later Prince of Chainat who became a very close friend of Prince Mahidol during his childhood Later in their lives Prince Rangsit would play a pivotal role in Mahidol s career and would later be appointed regent to one of Mahidol s sons Bhumibol Contents 1 Early life 2 Medical career 3 Later life 4 Legacy 5 Issue 6 Military rank 6 1 Wild Tiger Corps of Thailand rank 6 2 Civil Service of Siam rank 7 Ancestry 8 See also 9 References 10 External linksEarly life edit nbsp Younger Prince Mahidol Adulyadej and Princess Valaya Alongkorn nbsp Prince Mahidol Adulyadej center with Prince Vajirunhis and Princess Piyamavadi Like the other sons of King Chulalongkorn Prince Mahidol started his education at the Royal School within the Grand Palace He received the title of Prince of Songkla at age 13 He was sent to London in 1905 and after spending a year and a half in Harrow School he moved to Germany to join the Royal Prussian Military Preparatory College at Potsdam according to the wish of his father then continued his military education at the Imperial Military Academy at Gross Lichterfelde in Berlin Following the wish of his half brother King Vajiravudh he then entered the Imperial German Naval Academy at Flensburg Murwik While there he won a competition in submarine design He was commissioned Lieutenant in both the Imperial German Navy and the Royal Thai Navy in 1912 The start of World War I compelled the Prince to come back to Thailand in 1914 he was assigned to a teaching post at the Royal Naval Academy He continued his interest in smaller vessels including submarines and torpedo boats this later led to conflict at a meeting where he was overruled by senior naval officers most of whom were British graduates and preferred larger vessels The Prince feeling that his expertise would never be used resigned his post nine months after joining the Navy Medical career editThis section s tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia See Wikipedia s guide to writing better articles for suggestions February 2016 Learn how and when to remove this message nbsp Prince Mahidol Adulyadej with his sister Princess Valaya Alongkorn and his mother Queen Sri Savarindira Savang Vadhana His half brother and old friend Prince Rangsit then came into play He was at that time Chief of the Royal Medical College Medical and public health education at that time lagged behind the Western standard The Medical College and its hospital Siriraj were small crowded underfunded understaffed and ill equipped nbsp Prince of Songkhla in Royal Guards uniform Prince Rangsit himself a lesser class prince as his mother was a commoner thought that to have someone of high prestige like Prince Mahidol who was a first class celestial prince as he was born to a royal mother who was also a daughter of a king supporting the movement to improve medical practice and public health in Thailand would generate more interest and probably more funding He strategically invited Prince Mahidol to a boat trip along the Bangkok Yai and Bangkok Noi canals His office Siriraj Hospital was on the route and this was where he invited his half brother to stop and have a look around Having seen Mahidol s reaction to the poor state of the hospital Prince Rangsit asked him if he wanted to help Mahidol s answer at that time was however not very positive as he was concerned that he knew nothing about medicine himself However a few days elapsed and he agreed to help He also decided he would study in related fields himself Thus the Prince went to Cambridge Massachusetts to study public health at Harvard He also asked Prince Rangsit to select four students to be sent to the U S two medical students who would be funded by Mahidol himself and two nursing students who would be funded by his mother Queen Savang Vadhana It was said that the Prince went to the train station to greet the students himself This was when an unintended sequel of Prince Rangsit s scheme occurred one of the nursing students who arrived was the 18 year old Miss Sangwal Talabhat future wife of Prince Mahidol and mother of two future kings of Thailand Mahidol diligently looked after his students and thus became close to Miss Talabhat who then accompanied him back to Thailand three years later to attend the funeral of Queen Saovabha While there they married under the royal blessing of his half brother King Vajiravudh at Sapathum Palace before returning to Harvard He received his Certificate in Public Health in the following year 1921 After his study he went to Edinburgh for a break but was also asked to represent the Thai government in liaising with the Rockefeller Foundation which was offering monetary and technical help to improve Thailand s medical and public health education His first child Princess Galyani Vadhana was born in London in 1923 He returned to Thailand in the same year to take the position of Director General of the University Department in the Ministry of Education Apart from his administrative duties he also taught pre clinical medical students at the Royal Medical College Later life editIn 1925 he went to Heidelberg Germany to have his kidneys treated before going back to his alma mater Harvard University this time to study medicine It was in Heidelberg where his first son Prince Ananda Mahidol was born in the same year His youngest son Prince Bhumibol was born in Massachusetts in 1927 six months later he received his M D cum laude 3 He returned to Thailand in December 1928 One of the first things he did when he returned was to set up scholarships for students in the fields of medicine nursing and public health He was planning to return to Siriraj Hospital for an internship However his princely status then became a problem as it was felt that he was too prestigious to be allowed an internship Undeterred Mahidol chose another hospital in a more egalitarian environment the missionary run McCormick Hospital in Chiang Mai He worked there day and night as a resident doctor His patients fondly called him Mho Chao Fa Doctor Prince nbsp Statue of Mahidol Adulyadej in Siriraj Hospital Before long complications with his kidney problems resurfaced Three weeks after he started working he visited Bangkok to attend the funeral of his uncle and was never able to return to Chiang Mai It appeared that he also had liver abscess and his health continually deteriorated Prince Mahidol died on 24 September 1929 at Sapathum Palace He was posthumously given the title of the Prince Father Somdej Phra Mahittalathibet Adulyadejvikrom Phra Borommarajachanok smedcphramhitlathiebs xdulyedchwikrm phrabrmrachchnk with a special royal rank equivalent to front palaces Legacy edit nbsp Wreath laying on Mahidol Day pictured here in 2022 at Faculty of Medicine Srinakharinwirot University Prince Mahidol of Songkla taught at Chulalongkorn University Apart from being an instructor and administrator at the university he was also of one of its great benefactors He donated a large amount of his own fortune to set up scholarships which enabled university lecturers in science and medicine to further their studies He negotiated with Rockefeller Foundation in helping the university improve from its poor academic foundation 4 His legacies remain to this day The students sent abroad under his scholarships became key players in modern medicine of Thailand many were regarded as great teachers and some helped establish new medical schools and universities The Royal Medical School later became the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Chulalongkorn University It was key source of faculty of Medical University when it was founded in 1943 In 1969 the Medical University was granted the Prince s name by royal decree and became Mahidol University The Prince of Songkla title became the name of Prince of Songkla University in 1967 In commemoration of the centenary of the Prince s birth the Prince Mahidol Award was created in 1992 This is an international award in the fields of medicine public health and social services The anniversary of his passing is observed as Mahidol Day The following places are named after him Public health institute Praboromarajchanok Institute Ministry of Public Health Thailand Collaborative Project to Increase Production of Rural Doctor Mahidol University Academy Mahidol University Mahidol University International Demonstration School Prince Mahidol Hall Mahidol University Prince of Songkla University Mahidol Wittayanusorn School PSU Wittayanusorn School Prince of Songkla University Demonstration School Mahittalathibet Building Faculty of Commerce and Accountancy Chulalongkorn University Mahittalathibet Building Faculty of Public Health Burapha University 5 Species Mahidolia mystacina Valenciennes 1837 6 Others Prince Mahidol Award Mahidol Road Chiang Mai Province Mahidol Adulyadej Naval Base Krommaluang Songkhla Nakharin Army CampIssue editName Birth Death Marriage Their children Date Spouse Galyani Vadhana Princess of Naradhiwas 6 May 1923 2 January 2008 aged 84 11 July 1944Divorced 1950 Aram Rattanakul Serireongrit Dhasanawalaya Ratanakul Serireongrit 24 September 1969 Peince Varananda Dhavaj None Ananda Mahidol Rama VIII 20 September 1925 9 June 1946 aged 20 None None Bhumibol Adulyadej Rama IX 5 December 1927 13 October 2016 aged 88 28 April 1950 Sirikit Kitiyakara Princess Ubolratana Vajiralongkorn Rama X Sirindhorn Princess Royal Chulabhorn Princess SrisavangavadhanaMilitary rank editSenior Colonel 7 Admiral of the Fleet 8 9 Wild Tiger Corps of Thailand rank edit Colonel of the Wild Tiger Corps 10 Civil Service of Siam rank edit Chancellor of Minister of Education Siam 9 10 Ancestry editAncestors of Mahidol Adulyadej8 12 King Buddha Loetla Nabhalai Rama II of Rattanakosin4 6 King Mongkut Rama IV of Siam9 13 Princess Bunrot of Rattanakosin2 King Chulalongkorn Rama V of Siam10 Prince Siriwongse Prince Matyabidhak5 Princess Ramphoei Sirivongse11 Noi1 Prince Mahidol Adulyadej Prince of Songkla12 8 King Buddha Loetla Nabhalai Rama II of Rattanakosin6 4 King Mongkut Rama IV of Siam13 9 Princess Bunrot of Rattanakosin3 Princess Savang Vadhana of Siam14 Taeng Sucharitakul Luang Asasamdaeng7 Piam Sucharitakul15 Nak Thao SucharitthamrongSee also editSrinagarindra Galyani Vadhana Ananda Mahidol Bhumibol Adulyadej Chulalongkorn University Mahidol University Prince of Songkla University Mahidolia mystacinaReferences edit List of Royal Titles Somdetch Phra Mahitala Dhibesra Adulyadej Vikrom the Prince Father Foundation Retrieved 1 January 2019 Post Publishing PCL Prince Mahidol amp medical education in Thailand bangkokpost com Thailand s Father of Modern Medicine News 23 January 2014 Retrieved 22 December 2018 William H Becker Assets Rockefellerfoundation Rockefellerfoundation 2013 https assets rockefellerfoundation org app uploads 20131001203515 Innovative Partners pdf 29 November 2016 thiekhathung 12 phvscikayn 2536 phrabathsmedcphraprminthrmhaphumiphlxdulyedch thrnglngphraprmaphiithyphrarachthannamxakharkhnasatharnsukhsastr mhawithyalyburpha thikalngkxsrang epn xakharmhitlathiebsr tamphranamkhxng phrabidaaehngkarsatharnsukhithy 25 mkrakhm 2538 smedcphraethphrtnrachsuda syambrmrachkumari esdcphrarachdaeninthrngepnxngkhprathaninphithiepidxakharphayinmhawithyalyburpha prakxbdwy xakharmhitlathiebsr xakharsrinkhrinthr aelaxakhar 60 phrrsa mharachini Mahidolia mystacina Valenciennes 1837 1 bare URL PDF 2 bare URL PDF a b 3 bare URL PDF a b Prince Mahidol Award Foundation under the Royal Patronage Archived from the original on 24 July 2008 External links editBiography of Prince Mahidol of Songkla Bangkok Post site Biography of Prince Mahidol and his work at Siriraj Hospital Prince Mahidol Award Foundation Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mahidol Adulyadej amp oldid 1222861108, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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