fbpx
Wikipedia

Pouancé

December 20, 2023

Pouancé (French pronunciation: [pwɑ̃se] ⓘ) is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France. On 15 December 2016, it was merged into the new commune Ombrée d'Anjou.[2] It is located on the border of 4 French departements: Maine-et-Loire, Mayenne in the north, Ille-et-Vilaine in the north-west, and Loire-Atlantique in the west.

Pouancé
Part of Ombrée d'Anjou
The castle of Pouancé
Coat of arms
Location of Pouancé
Pouancé
Pouancé
Coordinates: 47°44′29″N 1°10′30″W / 47.7414°N 1.175°W / 47.7414; -1.175
CountryFrance
RegionPays de la Loire
DepartmentMaine-et-Loire
ArrondissementSegré
CantonSegré
CommuneOmbrée d'Anjou
Area
1
48.97 km2 (18.91 sq mi)
Population
 (2019)[1]
3,305
 • Density67/km2 (170/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal code
49420
Elevation48–108 m (157–354 ft)
(avg. 20 m or 66 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

During the Middle Ages, Pouancé was situated on the border between Anjou, part of the Kingdom of France, and the independent duchy of Brittany. The city gained the nickname of "Door of Anjou, March of Brittany". The town retains its partially preserved city walls, some of its city gates and its medieval castle, which is the second largest in Anjou.

History edit

The menhir of Pierrefrite is one of the only remains from the prehistory in Pouancé region, along with some stone axes and an arrowhead. The menhir is located on the border of the commune of Armaillé et Saint-Michel-et-Chanveaux, and is made of red slate and stands 5 meters tall.

After the discovery of pieces of tegulae in a wood, it is assumed that a Roman kiln existed, and along with it, a Gallo-Roman settlement.

The earliest location of a settlement on the territory is believed to be the village of Saint-Aubin, about one kilometre from the center of Pouancé. In the walls of Saint-Aubin's church (which dates from the 12th century) the remains of a Merovingian sarcophagus were found.

The first known lord of Pouancé was Manguinoë, from 990 to 1037. It is believed that he built the first castle, which was constructed in a motte-and-bailey style. For defensive reasons, the motte was built one kilometre from Saint-Aubin, on a slate hill. At the end of the 12th century, a medieval village grew up around the castle, the first towers were built, and the village was fortified. When the fortress was complete, it consisted of 15 towers and 3 defensive walls.

During the reign of Charles V of France, a permanent tax (the gabelle) was placed on salt. Anjou became a pays de grandes gabelles, where tax was heaviest. Because Brittany was exempt from this tax, an important smuggling route developed across the border of Anjou and Brittany. In 1343, a greniers à sel (salt granary) was established in Pouancé to store the salt and judge disputes surrounding the tax. The smuggling was so prevalent in Pouancé that a special jail for the faux-sauniers (name for the salt smugglers) was built.

During the Hundred Years' War, Pouancé was besieged twice: first in 1432 by John VI, Duke of Brittany, who was allied with English and Scottish troops. The second time was in 1443, by John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset. However, the city managed to resist both times, and the attackers were forced to retreat.

During the 16th century, Pouancé was also famous in Anjou for its forges. The French royal navy commissioned the forges for several thousand round shots.

After the French revolution, Pouancé became the chef-lieu of a canton. The canton of Pouancé groups together 14 communes.

Toponymy edit

The etymology of Pouancé could come from the latin name, Potentius, derived from the latin potens (powerful).[3] Others make its derived from the Celtic pouleum (a hill, or a butte). The first mention of Pouancé dated from 1050, when the town was named Poenciacum and Pautiacum. As time passed by, Pouancé bore the following names:[4]

  • 1070: Poenci
  • 1080: Castellum Poenci
  • 1090: Poenceiaco
  • 1081-1105: Pontiacum
  • 1078-1105: Poenceium
  • 1132: Poencé
  • 1180: Poentium
  • 1190-1202: Poanci
  • 1207: Pohencetum
  • 1220: Castrum Pouencé
  • 1680: Poencé
  • 1715: Poancé
  • 1720: Povencé
  • 1725: Pouancé

Coat of arms edit

Coat of arms of Pouancé
Arms/Standard Description
 

Quarterly, first and fourth silver and pale green, second and third green and silver.

 

Quarterly,1&4 Paly of three Vert & Or, 2&3 Vert, overall a bendlet sinister also Or

Geography edit

Geology and hydrology edit

The river Semnon forms part of the commune's northern border, along with the Araize.

The river Verzée flows southeastward through the southern part of the commune and crosses the town. It forms the lake of Saint-Aubin, then the lake of Pouancé just under the castle, and finally the lake of Tressé.

Climate edit

Month Jan Feb March Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high (°C) 7,9 9,2 12,6 15,3 19 22,6 24,9 24,7 21,8 17 11,4 8,4 16,2
Average low (°C) 2,1 2,2 3,9 5,6 8,9 11,8 13,6 13,4 11,3 8,4 4,6 2,8 7,4
Average temperatures (°C) 5 5,7 8,2 10.4 13,9 16,2 19,2 19,1 16,5 12,7 8 5,6 11,8
Months average of precipitations (mm) 62,1 50,8 51,7 44,6 54,4 41,2 43,8 44,9 52,2 59,6 64,5 63,4 633,4
Monthly length of sunlight (hours/month) 70 92 141 179 201 234 248 237 191 129 89 65 1877
Source :

Nearby places edit

Evolution edit

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1793 1,034—    
1800 1,306+3.39%
1806 1,915+6.59%
1821 1,956+0.14%
1831 2,560+2.73%
1836 2,765+1.55%
1841 2,821+0.40%
1846 2,758−0.45%
1851 2,895+0.97%
1856 3,001+0.72%
1861 3,227+1.46%
1866 3,266+0.24%
1872 3,273+0.04%
1876 3,390+0.88%
1881 3,446+0.33%
1886 3,502+0.32%
1891 3,508+0.03%
1896 3,355−0.89%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901 3,278−0.46%
1906 3,198−0.49%
1911 3,093−0.67%
1921 2,755−1.15%
1926 2,762+0.05%
1931 2,804+0.30%
1936 2,836+0.23%
1946 3,218+1.27%
1954 3,119−0.39%
1962 3,094−0.10%
1968 3,017−0.42%
1975 3,165+0.69%
1982 3,299+0.59%
1990 3,279−0.08%
1999 3,307+0.09%
2007 3,355+0.18%
2012 3,192−0.99%
2019 3,305+0.50%
Source: EHESS[5] and INSEE (2007-2017)[6][1]

Places of interest edit

Twin cities edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Téléchargement du fichier d'ensemble des populations légales en 2019, INSEE
  2. ^ Arrêté préfectoral 7 December 2016 (in French)
  3. ^ À travers l'histoire de Pouancé, Alain Racineux, Yves Floch Mayenne, 1983, page 22
  4. ^ Histoire de Pouancé et des environs, Henri Godivier, seconde édition 2006, Le Livre d'Histoire, page 19
  5. ^ Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Pouancé, EHESS (in French).
  6. ^ Populations légales 2012, INSEE
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pouancé.

December 20, 2023
pouancé, french, pronunciation, pwɑ, former, commune, maine, loire, department, western, france, december, 2016, merged, into, commune, ombrée, anjou, located, border, french, departements, maine, loire, mayenne, north, ille, vilaine, north, west, loire, atlan. Pouance French pronunciation pwɑ se is a former commune in the Maine et Loire department in western France On 15 December 2016 it was merged into the new commune Ombree d Anjou 2 It is located on the border of 4 French departements Maine et Loire Mayenne in the north Ille et Vilaine in the north west and Loire Atlantique in the west PouancePart of Ombree d AnjouThe castle of PouanceCoat of armsLocation of PouancePouanceShow map of FrancePouanceShow map of Pays de la LoireCoordinates 47 44 29 N 1 10 30 W 47 7414 N 1 175 W 47 7414 1 175CountryFranceRegionPays de la LoireDepartmentMaine et LoireArrondissementSegreCantonSegreCommuneOmbree d AnjouArea148 97 km2 18 91 sq mi Population 2019 1 3 305 Density67 km2 170 sq mi Time zoneUTC 01 00 CET Summer DST UTC 02 00 CEST Postal code49420Elevation48 108 m 157 354 ft avg 20 m or 66 ft 1 French Land Register data which excludes lakes ponds glaciers gt 1 km2 0 386 sq mi or 247 acres and river estuaries During the Middle Ages Pouance was situated on the border between Anjou part of the Kingdom of France and the independent duchy of Brittany The city gained the nickname of Door of Anjou March of Brittany The town retains its partially preserved city walls some of its city gates and its medieval castle which is the second largest in Anjou Contents 1 History 1 1 Toponymy 1 2 Coat of arms 2 Geography 2 1 Geology and hydrology 2 2 Climate 2 3 Nearby places 2 4 Evolution 3 Places of interest 4 Twin cities 5 See also 6 ReferencesHistory editThe menhir of Pierrefrite is one of the only remains from the prehistory in Pouance region along with some stone axes and an arrowhead The menhir is located on the border of the commune of Armaille et Saint Michel et Chanveaux and is made of red slate and stands 5 meters tall After the discovery of pieces of tegulae in a wood it is assumed that a Roman kiln existed and along with it a Gallo Roman settlement The earliest location of a settlement on the territory is believed to be the village of Saint Aubin about one kilometre from the center of Pouance In the walls of Saint Aubin s church which dates from the 12th century the remains of a Merovingian sarcophagus were found The first known lord of Pouance was Manguinoe from 990 to 1037 It is believed that he built the first castle which was constructed in a motte and bailey style For defensive reasons the motte was built one kilometre from Saint Aubin on a slate hill At the end of the 12th century a medieval village grew up around the castle the first towers were built and the village was fortified When the fortress was complete it consisted of 15 towers and 3 defensive walls During the reign of Charles V of France a permanent tax the gabelle was placed on salt Anjou became a pays de grandes gabelles where tax was heaviest Because Brittany was exempt from this tax an important smuggling route developed across the border of Anjou and Brittany In 1343 a greniers a sel salt granary was established in Pouance to store the salt and judge disputes surrounding the tax The smuggling was so prevalent in Pouance that a special jail for the faux sauniers name for the salt smugglers was built During the Hundred Years War Pouance was besieged twice first in 1432 by John VI Duke of Brittany who was allied with English and Scottish troops The second time was in 1443 by John Beaufort 1st Duke of Somerset However the city managed to resist both times and the attackers were forced to retreat During the 16th century Pouance was also famous in Anjou for its forges The French royal navy commissioned the forges for several thousand round shots After the French revolution Pouance became the chef lieu of a canton The canton of Pouance groups together 14 communes Toponymy edit The etymology of Pouance could come from the latin name Potentius derived from the latin potens powerful 3 Others make its derived from the Celtic pouleum a hill or a butte The first mention of Pouance dated from 1050 when the town was named Poenciacum and Pautiacum As time passed by Pouance bore the following names 4 1070 Poenci 1080 Castellum Poenci 1090 Poenceiaco 1081 1105 Pontiacum 1078 1105 Poenceium 1132 Poence 1180 Poentium 1190 1202 Poanci 1207 Pohencetum 1220 Castrum Pouence 1680 Poence 1715 Poance 1720 Povence 1725 PouanceCoat of arms edit Coat of arms of PouanceArms Standard Description nbsp Quarterly first and fourth silver and pale green second and third green and silver nbsp Quarterly 1 amp 4 Paly of three Vert amp Or 2 amp 3 Vert overall a bendlet sinister also OrGeography editGeology and hydrology edit The river Semnon forms part of the commune s northern border along with the Araize The river Verzee flows southeastward through the southern part of the commune and crosses the town It forms the lake of Saint Aubin then the lake of Pouance just under the castle and finally the lake of Tresse Climate edit Month Jan Feb March Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec YearAverage high C 7 9 9 2 12 6 15 3 19 22 6 24 9 24 7 21 8 17 11 4 8 4 16 2Average low C 2 1 2 2 3 9 5 6 8 9 11 8 13 6 13 4 11 3 8 4 4 6 2 8 7 4Average temperatures C 5 5 7 8 2 10 4 13 9 16 2 19 2 19 1 16 5 12 7 8 5 6 11 8Months average of precipitations mm 62 1 50 8 51 7 44 6 54 4 41 2 43 8 44 9 52 2 59 6 64 5 63 4 633 4Monthly length of sunlight hours month 70 92 141 179 201 234 248 237 191 129 89 65 1877Source Climatologie de 1947 a 2008 Angers FranceNearby places edit Evolution edit Historical populationYearPop p a 17931 034 18001 306 3 39 18061 915 6 59 18211 956 0 14 18312 560 2 73 18362 765 1 55 18412 821 0 40 18462 758 0 45 18512 895 0 97 18563 001 0 72 18613 227 1 46 18663 266 0 24 18723 273 0 04 18763 390 0 88 18813 446 0 33 18863 502 0 32 18913 508 0 03 18963 355 0 89 YearPop p a 19013 278 0 46 19063 198 0 49 19113 093 0 67 19212 755 1 15 19262 762 0 05 19312 804 0 30 19362 836 0 23 19463 218 1 27 19543 119 0 39 19623 094 0 10 19683 017 0 42 19753 165 0 69 19823 299 0 59 19903 279 0 08 19993 307 0 09 20073 355 0 18 20123 192 0 99 20193 305 0 50 Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki wiki Source EHESS 5 and INSEE 2007 2017 6 1 Places of interest editThis section is empty You can help by adding to it July 2010 Twin cities edit nbsp Sopotu Nou since 2007 Website See also editCommunes of the Maine et Loire departmentReferences edit a b Telechargement du fichier d ensemble des populations legales en 2019 INSEE Arrete prefectoral 7 December 2016 in French A travers l histoire de Pouance Alain Racineux Yves Floch Mayenne 1983 page 22 Histoire de Pouance et des environs Henri Godivier seconde edition 2006 Le Livre d Histoire page 19 Des villages de Cassini aux communes d aujourd hui Commune data sheet Pouance EHESS in French Populations legales 2012 INSEE nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pouance Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pouance amp oldid 1089986365, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.