Ille-et-Vilaine (French pronunciation: [il e vilɛn](listen); Breton: Il-ha-Gwilen) is a department of France, located in the region of Brittany in the northwest of the country. It is named after the two rivers of the Ille and the Vilaine. It had a population of 1,079,498 in 2019.[3]
Ille-et-Vilaine is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790. It was created from part of the province of Brittany.
Geography
Ille-et-Vilaine is a part of the current region of Brittany and it is bordered by the departments of Manche to the north-east, Mayenne to the east, Maine-et-Loire to the south-east, Loire-Atlantique to the south, Morbihan to the south-west, and Côtes-d'Armor to the west and north-west – France's shortest administrative department boundary at 20 yards (19 metres), although this was not the case with the department boundary. Also the English Channel (la Manche in French) borders the department to the north.
The department is named after its two main rivers, the Ille and the Vilaine, whose confluence is in Rennes, the capital of the department and of the region. Other important rivers include:
the Rance, that borders the department in the north-west and flows to the north, creating a deep fjord before reaching the English Channel on the western part of the coast (named Côte d'Émeraude) between the cities of Dinard and Saint-Malo); the Rance river is connected from the west of the department to the Ille river in the north-west suburbs of Rennes with a navigable channel (then the Ille river is channelized to join the Vilaine up to the center of the city of Rennes);
and the Couesnon that borders the eastern part of the department and which reaches the eastern part of the coast of the English Channel, in the flat Bay of the Mont Saint-Michel.
The department is moderately elevated above the level of the sea, with many hills; however the central part has a dense network of many tributaries to the Ille or the Vilaine from all around the large basin of Rennes. The elevated hills bordering this basin are covered by several old forests now exploited by men for the production of wood. The basin itself is a rich agriculture area, as well as the north-west of the department near the Rance.
In the extreme south of the department the Vilaine goes through a slower decrease in elevation in a small corridor in the area of the city of Redon; in this area, the Vilaine is known for its frequent floods during its recent history, often because of too-intensive draining of agricultural areas around Rennes (some floods also affected some parts of Rennes up to the 1980s due to incorrect management of old equipment of the canal of Ille-et-Rance). To avoid these hazards within inhabited cities, some natural fields bordering the Vilaine in the south of the department are now left floodable, and works for regulating the level have been done including, small artificial lakes with derivation channels, replanting trees in the basin, better management of forests, and regulating the artificial drains made for agriculture.
Principal towns
The most populous commune is Rennes, the prefecture. As of 2019, there are 6 communes with more than 15,000 inhabitants:[3]
Gallo is a historic minority language spoken in eastern Brittany. Gallo and Breton are both studied at the University of Rennes.
Breton
Historically, the Breton language was little spoken in the eastern part of Brittany, and this was one of the first regions where the language disappeared such that Breton was not spoken for many centuries.
Today, Breton is again spoken due to schools teaching Breton, and due to a small immigration from Western Brittany to Eastern Brittany, where there are more cities with growing industries and external investment and therefore more work. A recent study[6] shows that Breton speakers in this region represent 3.3% of the total number of Breton speakers. The Breton speakers aged 18–30 in this region represent 12.7% of the total number of Breton speakers of that age group. This is because there are relatively few elder speakers but many people are learning the language. The study says that about 1,800 people are learning it (this includes one Diwan school in Rennes, some bilingual public and catholic schools, and evening courses).
The city of Rennes and its suburbs are the original base of the rapid Socialist growth in the department. The city has been governed by Socialist Mayors since 1977, notably by Edmond Hervé between 1977 and 2008. Since then, the growth of middle-class suburbs have helped the Socialists, who have been rapidly gaining strength in those formerly right-leaning areas.
^"Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 4 May 2022.
^"Évolution et structure de la population en 2016". INSEE.
^(in French) L'état de la langue bretonne dans l'enseignement en Ille-et-Vilaine (State of the Breton language in education in Ille-et-Vilaine) from Ofis ar Brezhoneg
^"Les résultats du second tour de l'élection présidentielle". 19 April 2022.
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Ille et Vilaine French pronunciation il e vilɛn listen Breton Il ha Gwilen is a department of France located in the region of Brittany in the northwest of the country It is named after the two rivers of the Ille and the Vilaine It had a population of 1 079 498 in 2019 3 Ille et Vilaine Il ha Gwilen Breton DepartmentThe river Vilaine flowing through RennesFlagCoat of armsLocation of Ille et Vilaine in FranceCoordinates 48 10 N 01 40 W 48 167 N 1 667 W 48 167 1 667 Coordinates 48 10 N 01 40 W 48 167 N 1 667 W 48 167 1 667CountryFranceRegionBrittanyPrefectureRennesSubprefecturesFougeresRedonSaint MaloGovernment President of the Departmental CouncilJean Luc Chenut 1 PS Area1 Total6 775 km2 2 616 sq mi Population Jan 2019 2 Total1 079 498 Rank21st Density160 km2 410 sq mi Time zoneUTC 1 CET Summer DST UTC 2 CEST Department number35Arrondissements4Cantons27Communes333 1 French Land Register data which exclude estuaries and lakes ponds and glaciers larger than 1 km2 Contents 1 History 2 Geography 2 1 Principal towns 3 Demographics 4 Language 4 1 Breton 5 Politics 5 1 Presidential elections 2nd round 5 2 Current National Assembly Representatives 6 Tourism 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksHistory EditIlle et Vilaine is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4 1790 It was created from part of the province of Brittany Geography EditIlle et Vilaine is a part of the current region of Brittany and it is bordered by the departments of Manche to the north east Mayenne to the east Maine et Loire to the south east Loire Atlantique to the south Morbihan to the south west and Cotes d Armor to the west and north west France s shortest administrative department boundary at 20 yards 19 metres although this was not the case with the department boundary Also the English Channel la Manche in French borders the department to the north The department is named after its two main rivers the Ille and the Vilaine whose confluence is in Rennes the capital of the department and of the region Other important rivers include the Rance that borders the department in the north west and flows to the north creating a deep fjord before reaching the English Channel on the western part of the coast named Cote d Emeraude between the cities of Dinard and Saint Malo the Rance river is connected from the west of the department to the Ille river in the north west suburbs of Rennes with a navigable channel then the Ille river is channelized to join the Vilaine up to the center of the city of Rennes and the Couesnon that borders the eastern part of the department and which reaches the eastern part of the coast of the English Channel in the flat Bay of the Mont Saint Michel The department is moderately elevated above the level of the sea with many hills however the central part has a dense network of many tributaries to the Ille or the Vilaine from all around the large basin of Rennes The elevated hills bordering this basin are covered by several old forests now exploited by men for the production of wood The basin itself is a rich agriculture area as well as the north west of the department near the Rance In the extreme south of the department the Vilaine goes through a slower decrease in elevation in a small corridor in the area of the city of Redon in this area the Vilaine is known for its frequent floods during its recent history often because of too intensive draining of agricultural areas around Rennes some floods also affected some parts of Rennes up to the 1980s due to incorrect management of old equipment of the canal of Ille et Rance To avoid these hazards within inhabited cities some natural fields bordering the Vilaine in the south of the department are now left floodable and works for regulating the level have been done including small artificial lakes with derivation channels replanting trees in the basin better management of forests and regulating the artificial drains made for agriculture Principal towns Edit The most populous commune is Rennes the prefecture As of 2019 there are 6 communes with more than 15 000 inhabitants 3 Commune Population 2019 Rennes 220 488Saint Malo 46 803Fougeres 20 595Bruz 18 905Vitre 18 487Cesson Sevigne 17 082Demographics EditThe population has grown rapidly over the last few decades and was estimated at 1 051 779 in January 2016 Population development since 1801 Historical populationYearPop p a 1801488 846 1821533 207 0 44 1831547 052 0 26 1841549 217 0 04 1851574 618 0 45 1861584 930 0 18 1876602 712 0 20 1881615 480 0 42 1891626 875 0 18 1901614 000 0 21 1921558 574 0 47 1936566 000 0 09 YearPop p a 1946578 246 0 21 1954586 812 0 18 1962614 268 0 57 1968653 000 1 02 1975702 199 1 04 1982748 272 0 91 1990797 785 0 80 1999866 111 0 92 2006945 497 1 26 2011996 439 1 06 20161 051 779 1 09 source 4 5 Language EditGallo is a historic minority language spoken in eastern Brittany Gallo and Breton are both studied at the University of Rennes Breton Edit Historically the Breton language was little spoken in the eastern part of Brittany and this was one of the first regions where the language disappeared such that Breton was not spoken for many centuries Today Breton is again spoken due to schools teaching Breton and due to a small immigration from Western Brittany to Eastern Brittany where there are more cities with growing industries and external investment and therefore more work A recent study 6 shows that Breton speakers in this region represent 3 3 of the total number of Breton speakers The Breton speakers aged 18 30 in this region represent 12 7 of the total number of Breton speakers of that age group This is because there are relatively few elder speakers but many people are learning the language The study says that about 1 800 people are learning it this includes one Diwan school in Rennes some bilingual public and catholic schools and evening courses Politics EditThe President of the Departmental Council is the Socialist Jean Luc Chenut since the 2015 French departmental elections re elected in 2021 The city of Rennes and its suburbs are the original base of the rapid Socialist growth in the department The city has been governed by Socialist Mayors since 1977 notably by Edmond Herve between 1977 and 2008 Since then the growth of middle class suburbs have helped the Socialists who have been rapidly gaining strength in those formerly right leaning areas The right remains strong in a strongly Catholic clerical area from outside Redon to Vitre or Fougeres In addition the right is strong in the wealthy coastal area of Saint Malo and Dinard Party seats Socialist Party 21 Miscellaneous Left 8Union for a Popular Movement 6Miscellaneous Right 6 Left Radical Party 5Centrist Alliance 4MoDem 2New Centre 1Presidential elections 2nd round Edit Election Winning Candidate Party 2nd Place Candidate Party 2022 7 Emmanuel Macron LREM 70 94 Marine Le Pen FN 29 062017 8 Emmanuel Macron LREM 77 67 Marine Le Pen FN 22 332012 Francois Hollande PS 55 71 Nicolas Sarkozy UMP 44 292007 Segolene Royal PS 52 39 Nicolas Sarkozy UMP 47 612002 8 Jacques Chirac RPR 89 82 Jean Marie Le Pen FN 10 181995 9 Jacques Chirac RPR 51 19 Lionel Jospin PS 48 81Current National Assembly Representatives Edit Constituency Member 10 PartyIlle et Vilaine s 1st constituency Mostapha Laabid La Republique En Marche Ille et Vilaine s 2nd constituency Laurence Maillart Mehaignerie MoDemIlle et Vilaine s 3rd constituency Francois Andre Socialist PartyIlle et Vilaine s 4th constituency Gael Le Bohec La Republique En Marche Ille et Vilaine s 5th constituency Christine Cloarec La Republique En Marche Ille et Vilaine s 6th constituency Thierry Benoit Union of Democrats and IndependentsIlle et Vilaine s 7th constituency Gilles Lurton The RepublicansIlle et Vilaine s 8th constituency Florian Bachelier La Republique En Marche Tourism Edit Rennes downtown The medieval town of Vitre Plage de l Ecluse in Dinard Legendary forest Broceliande in Paimpont forest Chateau de Fougeres The fishing village of Saint Suliac Stone row La Roche aux fees in Esse Saint Malo the Corsairs stronghold view of the walled city from the south westSee also EditCantons of the Ille et Vilaine department Communes of the Ille et Vilaine department Arrondissements of the Ille et Vilaine departmentReferences Edit Repertoire national des elus les conseillers departementaux data gouv fr Plateforme ouverte des donnees publiques francaises in French 4 May 2022 Telechargement du fichier d ensemble des populations legales en 2019 The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies 29 December 2021 a b Populations legales 2019 35 Ille et Vilaine INSEE Historique d Ille et Vilaine Le SPLAF Evolution et structure de la population en 2016 INSEE in French L etat de la langue bretonne dans l enseignement en Ille et Vilaine State of the Breton language in education in Ille et Vilaine from Ofis ar Brezhoneg Les resultats du second tour de l election presidentielle 19 April 2022 a b Presidentielles Resultats de l election presidentielle de 1995 par departement Politiquemania Nationale Assemblee Assemblee nationale Les deputes le vote de la loi le Parlement francais Assemblee nationale External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ille et Vilaine in French Prefecture website in French Departmental Council website in English Ille et Vilaine at Curlie in French Cultural Heritage Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ille et Vilaine amp oldid 1127239598, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
