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Potomania (From Latinpōtō "I drink (liquor)" + mania) is a specific hypo-osmolality syndrome related to massive consumption of beer, which is poor in solutes and electrolytes. With little food or other sources of electrolytes, consumption of large amounts of beer or other dilute alcoholic drinks leads to electrolyte disturbances, where the body does not have enough nutrients known as electrolytes, namely sodium, potassium, and magnesium. The symptoms of potomania are similar to other causes of hyponatremia and include dizziness, muscular weakness, neurological impairment and seizures, all related to hyponatremia and hypokalaemia. While the symptoms of potomania are similar to other causes of hyponatremia and acute water intoxication, it should be considered an independent clinical entity because of its often chronic nature of onset, pathophysiology, and presentation of symptoms.
Potomania
Other names
Beer potomania, Beer drinker's potomania,Beer drinker's hyponatremia,Frat boy syndrome
The normal human kidney, through suppression of anti-diuretic hormone, is normally able to excrete vast amounts of dilute urine. Thus a normal adult can drink up to 20 litres (4.4 imp gal; 5.3 US gal) per day of water without becoming hyponatremic. However, the intake of solutes is also necessary to excrete free water. Under normal circumstances, this is clinically irrelevant. In the lack of proper solute intake, the amount of free water excretion can be severely limited. Without adequate solute intake, the normal functioning electrolyte gradient that pulls water into urine will be effectively destroyed.
Briefly, to excrete free water from urine, the urine flow (which is solute clearance + free water clearance) will equal the rate of solute excretion divided by the urine osmolality. With a diet of only solute-poor beer, only about 200–300 mOSM (normal 750 mOSM to greater than 900 mOSM) of solute will be excreted per day, capping the amount of free water excretion at 4 L (0.88 imp gal; 1.1 US gal). Any intake above 4 L would lead to a dilution of the serum sodium concentration and thus hyponatremia.
Any vomiting or GI absorptive problems due to alcohol intoxication can also compound the effect of potomania due to additional electrolyte and acid-base disturbances.
Diagnosisedit
This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (March 2019)
Treatmentedit
As with all cases of hyponatremia, extreme caution must be taken to avoid the fatal consequences of rapidly correcting electrolytes (e.g. central pontine myelinolysis, edema). Special considerations with the treatment of potomania are needed. Because this could be a chronic condition, low sodium may be normal for the patient, so an especially careful correction is warranted. It is also very important to note that due to the normal kidney function, and lack of other intrinsic or toxic cause of the electrolyte disturbance, restoration of dietary solutes will correct the electrolytes to normal serum levels. This again must be done with caution.
Hilden, T; Svendsen, T. L. (1975). "Electrolyte Disturbances in Beer Drinkers: a Specific 'Hypo-osmolality Syndrome'". The Lancet. 306 (7928): 245–246. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(75)90961-7. PMID 49796. S2CID 12873417.)
Harrow, A. S. (1989). "Beer potomania syndrome in an alcoholic". Virginia Medical. 116 (6): 270–271. PMID 2763635.
Berl, T. (2008). "Impact of Solute Intake on Urine Flow and Water Excretion". Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 19 (6): 1076–1078. doi:10.1681/ASN.2007091042. PMID 18337482.
April 12, 2024
potomania, confused, with, dipsomania, this, article, needs, more, reliable, medical, references, verification, relies, heavily, primary, sources, please, review, contents, article, appropriate, references, unsourced, poorly, sourced, material, challenged, rem. Not to be confused with Dipsomania This article needs more reliable medical references for verification or relies too heavily on primary sources Please review the contents of the article and add the appropriate references if you can Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Potomania news newspapers books scholar JSTOR September 2020 Potomania From Latin pōtō I drink liquor mania is a specific hypo osmolality syndrome related to massive consumption of beer which is poor in solutes and electrolytes With little food or other sources of electrolytes consumption of large amounts of beer or other dilute alcoholic drinks leads to electrolyte disturbances where the body does not have enough nutrients known as electrolytes namely sodium potassium and magnesium The symptoms of potomania are similar to other causes of hyponatremia and include dizziness muscular weakness neurological impairment and seizures all related to hyponatremia and hypokalaemia While the symptoms of potomania are similar to other causes of hyponatremia and acute water intoxication it should be considered an independent clinical entity because of its often chronic nature of onset pathophysiology and presentation of symptoms PotomaniaOther namesBeer potomania Beer drinker s potomania Beer drinker s hyponatremia Frat boy syndromeAnnual beer consumption per capita SymptomshyponatremiaRisk factorsalcoholism Contents 1 Pathophysiology 2 Diagnosis 3 Treatment 4 See also 5 ReferencesPathophysiology editThe normal human kidney through suppression of anti diuretic hormone is normally able to excrete vast amounts of dilute urine Thus a normal adult can drink up to 20 litres 4 4 imp gal 5 3 US gal per day of water without becoming hyponatremic However the intake of solutes is also necessary to excrete free water Under normal circumstances this is clinically irrelevant In the lack of proper solute intake the amount of free water excretion can be severely limited Without adequate solute intake the normal functioning electrolyte gradient that pulls water into urine will be effectively destroyed Briefly to excrete free water from urine the urine flow which is solute clearance free water clearance will equal the rate of solute excretion divided by the urine osmolality With a diet of only solute poor beer only about 200 300 mOSM normal 750 mOSM to greater than 900 mOSM of solute will be excreted per day capping the amount of free water excretion at 4 L 0 88 imp gal 1 1 US gal Any intake above 4 L would lead to a dilution of the serum sodium concentration and thus hyponatremia Any vomiting or GI absorptive problems due to alcohol intoxication can also compound the effect of potomania due to additional electrolyte and acid base disturbances Diagnosis editThis section is empty You can help by adding to it March 2019 Treatment editAs with all cases of hyponatremia extreme caution must be taken to avoid the fatal consequences of rapidly correcting electrolytes e g central pontine myelinolysis edema Special considerations with the treatment of potomania are needed Because this could be a chronic condition low sodium may be normal for the patient so an especially careful correction is warranted It is also very important to note that due to the normal kidney function and lack of other intrinsic or toxic cause of the electrolyte disturbance restoration of dietary solutes will correct the electrolytes to normal serum levels This again must be done with caution See also editAlcohol drug Holiday heart syndrome Hyponatremia Primary polydipsia Water intoxicationReferences editThis article includes a list of references related reading or external links but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations May 2015 Learn how and when to remove this template message Hilden T Svendsen T L 1975 Electrolyte Disturbances in Beer Drinkers a Specific Hypo osmolality Syndrome The Lancet 306 7928 245 246 doi 10 1016 S0140 6736 75 90961 7 PMID 49796 S2CID 12873417 Harrow A S 1989 Beer potomania syndrome in an alcoholic Virginia Medical 116 6 270 271 PMID 2763635 http renalfellow blogspot com 2009 03 beer potomania html full citation needed Berl T 2008 Impact of Solute Intake on Urine Flow and Water Excretion Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 19 6 1076 1078 doi 10 1681 ASN 2007091042 PMID 18337482 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Potomania amp oldid 1213533839, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
