A posad (Russian and Ukrainian: посад) was a type of settlement in East Slavic lands between the 10th to 15th centuries, it was often surrounded by ramparts and a moat, adjoining a town or a kremlin, but outside of it, or adjoining a monastery. The posad was inhabited by craftsmen and merchants and was its own distinct community, separate from the city it adjoined.[1] Some posads developed into towns, such as Pavlovsky Posad and Sergiev Posad.
The posad was the center of trade in Ancient Rus. Merchants and craftsmen resided there and sold goods such as pottery, armor, glass and copperware, icons, and clothing; as well as food, wax, and salt. Most large cities were adjoined by a posad, frequently situated below the main citadel and by a river. Posads were sometimes fortified with earthen walls.[2]
As posads developed, they became like villages. Membership in the community became hereditary, and posad residents were expected to pay taxes and perform other duties to the state. Leaving the posad required the permission of an elected official. Until the 18th century, the posad had its own elected assembly, the "posadskiy skhod," though the wealthiest members of the posad tended to dominate the governance of the community in "a tight self-perpetuating oligarchy."[3]
A number of posads evolved into towns. Those by a kremlin often gave rise to local toponyms, such as Nagorny Posad (Uphill Settlement), and Kazanski Posad for the historical center of Kazan. Those by a monastery often gave rise to cities named after the monastery, e.g., Sergiev Posad is named after the nearby Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra.
^Brancato, Ekaterina (2009). Markets Versus Hierarchies: A Political Economy of Russia from the 10th century to 2008. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 40. ISBN978-1-84720-811-8.
^Moss, Walter G. (2005). A History of Russia: To 1917. London: Wimbledon Publishers. pp. 36–37. ISBN1-84331-023-6.
^Hosking, Geoffrey (1997). Russia: People and Empire, 1552-1917. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 252–254. ISBN0-674-78118-X.
November 15, 2023
posad, other, uses, disambiguation, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar. For other uses see Posad disambiguation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Posad news newspapers books scholar JSTOR October 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message A posad Russian and Ukrainian posad was a type of settlement in East Slavic lands between the 10th to 15th centuries it was often surrounded by ramparts and a moat adjoining a town or a kremlin but outside of it or adjoining a monastery The posad was inhabited by craftsmen and merchants and was its own distinct community separate from the city it adjoined 1 Some posads developed into towns such as Pavlovsky Posad and Sergiev Posad Market Square in Pavlovsky Posad near Moscow circa 1900 During the 1920s administrative territorial reform in the Soviet Union posads were converted into urban type settlements History editThe posad was the center of trade in Ancient Rus Merchants and craftsmen resided there and sold goods such as pottery armor glass and copperware icons and clothing as well as food wax and salt Most large cities were adjoined by a posad frequently situated below the main citadel and by a river Posads were sometimes fortified with earthen walls 2 As posads developed they became like villages Membership in the community became hereditary and posad residents were expected to pay taxes and perform other duties to the state Leaving the posad required the permission of an elected official Until the 18th century the posad had its own elected assembly the posadskiy skhod though the wealthiest members of the posad tended to dominate the governance of the community in a tight self perpetuating oligarchy 3 A number of posads evolved into towns Those by a kremlin often gave rise to local toponyms such as Nagorny Posad Uphill Settlement and Kazanski Posad for the historical center of Kazan Those by a monastery often gave rise to cities named after the monastery e g Sergiev Posad is named after the nearby Troitse Sergiyeva Lavra See also editPosad people Lischke settlement ShtetlReferences edit Brancato Ekaterina 2009 Markets Versus Hierarchies A Political Economy of Russia from the 10th century to 2008 Cheltenham Edward Elgar Publishing p 40 ISBN 978 1 84720 811 8 Moss Walter G 2005 A History of Russia To 1917 London Wimbledon Publishers pp 36 37 ISBN 1 84331 023 6 Hosking Geoffrey 1997 Russia People and Empire 1552 1917 Cambridge MA Harvard University Press pp 252 254 ISBN 0 674 78118 X Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Posad amp oldid 1154739433, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
