The Portuguese were the first Europeans to establish a colonial presence in the Indonesian Archipelago. Their quest to dominate the source of the spices that sustained the lucrative spice trade in the early 16th century, along with missionary efforts by Roman Catholic orders, saw the establishment of trading posts and forts, and left behind a Portuguese cultural element that remains in modern-day Indonesia.
The nutmeg plant is native to the Banda Islands. Once one of the world's most valuable commodities, it drew the first European colonial powers to the Spice Islands.
Europeans were making technological advances in the early 16th century; new-found Portuguese expertise in navigation, shipbuilding and weaponry allowed them to make daring expeditions of exploration and expansion. Starting with the first exploratory expeditions sent from newly conquered Malacca in 1512, the Portuguese were the first Europeans to arrive in the East Indies, and sought to dominate the sources of valuable spices[1] and to extend their Roman Catholicmissionary efforts. Initial Portuguese attempts to establish a coalition and peace treaty in 1522 with the West Javan Sunda Kingdom[2] failed, owing to hostilities among indigenous kingdoms on Java. The Portuguese turned east to Moluccas, which comprised a varied collection of principalities and kingdoms that were occasionally at war with each other but maintained significant inter-island and international trade. Through both military conquest and alliance with local rulers, they established trading posts, forts, and missions in the North Sulawesi and in the Spice Islands, including Ternate, Ambon, and Solor.
The height of Portuguese missionary activities, however, came in the latter half of the 16th century, after the pace of their military conquest in the archipelago had stopped and their East Asian interest was shifting to Portuguese India, Portuguese Ceylon, Japan, Macau and China; and sugar in Brazil and the Atlantic slave trade in turn further distracted their efforts in the East Indies. In addition, the first European people to arrive in Northern Sulawesi were the Portuguese. Francisco Xavier supported and visited the Portuguese mission at Tolo on Halmahera. This was the first Catholic mission in the Moluccas. The mission began in 1534 when some chiefs from Morotai came to Ternate asking to be baptised. Simão Vaz, the vicar of Ternate, went to Tolo to found the mission. The mission was the source of conflict between the Spanish, the Portuguese and Ternate. Simão Vaz was later murdered at Sao.[3][4]
Decline and legacyedit
The Portuguese presence in the East Indies was reduced to Solor, Flores and Timor (see Portuguese Timor), alongside a small community in Kampung Tugu[5] following defeat in 1575 at Ternate at the hands of indigenous Ternateans, Dutch conquests in Ambon, north Maluku and Banda, and a general failure for sustained control of trade in the region.[6] In comparison with the original Portuguese ambition to dominate Asian trade, their influences on modern Indonesian culture are minor: the romantic keroncong guitar ballads, a number of Indonesian words and some family names in eastern Indonesia such as da Costa, Dias, de Fretes, and Gonsalves. The most significant impacts of the Portuguese arrival were the disruption and the disorganisation of the trade network, mostly as a result of their conquest of Portuguese Malacca and the first significant plantings of Christianity in Indonesia, with the Kristang people. Christian communities in eastern Indonesia have continued to exist and have contributed to a sense of shared interest with Europeans, particularly among the Ambonese.[7]
^Ricklefs, M.C (1969). A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1300, second edition. London: MacMillan. pp. 22–24. ISBN0-333-57689-6.
^Sumber-sumber asli sejarah Jakarta, Jilid I: Dokumen-dokumen sejarah Jakarta sampai dengan akhir abad ke-16. Cipta Loka Caraka. 1999.;Zahorka, Herwig (2007). The Sunda Kingdoms of West Java, From Tarumanagara to Pakuan Pajajaran with Royal Center of Bogor, Over 1000 Years of Prosperity and Glory. Yayasan Cipta Loka Caraka.
^Vaz, Simon. Halmahera dan Raja Ampat sebagai kesatuan majemuk: studi-studi terhadap. p. 279.
^Francis Xavier; His Life, His Times: Indonesia and India, 1545-1549. Xaviers mission. p. 179.
^"A comunidade de Tugu" (in Portuguese). Instituto Camões. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
^Miller, George, ed. (1996). To The Spice Islands and Beyond: Travels in Eastern Indonesia. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. xv. ISBN967-65-3099-9.
portuguese, empire, indonesian, archipelago, portuguese, were, first, europeans, establish, colonial, presence, indonesian, archipelago, their, quest, dominate, source, spices, that, sustained, lucrative, spice, trade, early, 16th, century, along, with, missio. The Portuguese were the first Europeans to establish a colonial presence in the Indonesian Archipelago Their quest to dominate the source of the spices that sustained the lucrative spice trade in the early 16th century along with missionary efforts by Roman Catholic orders saw the establishment of trading posts and forts and left behind a Portuguese cultural element that remains in modern day Indonesia Portuguese rule in Insulindia a c 1522 1605Flag Coat of ArmsMap of the Portuguese empire in the East Indies including the Indonesian Archipelago Atlas Miller StatusSettlement and possessions of the Portuguese EmpireCapitalSao Joao Baptista de Ternate in Ternate 1523 1575 Nossa Senhora de Anunciada in Amboina Moluccas 1575 1605 Common languagesPortuguese Malay Ternate Tidore Other indigenous language GovernmentMonarchyMonarch 1522 1557John III 1598 1605Philip IICaptain General 1522 1525 first Antonio de Brito 1602 1605 last Pedro Alvares de AbreuHistorical eraEarly modern Establishedc 1522 Treaty of Zaragoza22 April 1529 Defeat and fall22 February 1605Portuguese colonization era1512 1605Map from 1519 showing the islands of North Maluku with the Portuguese banner planted LocationMalay Archipelago East IndiesIncludingPortuguese Ternate warsLeader s Alfonso de AlbuquerqueAntonio de AbreuFrancisco SerraoKey eventsAge of DiscoveryChronology Era of Islam Dutch East India CompanyPortuguese Timor Contents 1 Establishment 2 Decline and legacy 3 See also 4 ReferencesEstablishment edit nbsp The nutmeg plant is native to the Banda Islands Once one of the world s most valuable commodities it drew the first European colonial powers to the Spice Islands Europeans were making technological advances in the early 16th century new found Portuguese expertise in navigation shipbuilding and weaponry allowed them to make daring expeditions of exploration and expansion Starting with the first exploratory expeditions sent from newly conquered Malacca in 1512 the Portuguese were the first Europeans to arrive in the East Indies and sought to dominate the sources of valuable spices 1 and to extend their Roman Catholic missionary efforts Initial Portuguese attempts to establish a coalition and peace treaty in 1522 with the West Javan Sunda Kingdom 2 failed owing to hostilities among indigenous kingdoms on Java The Portuguese turned east to Moluccas which comprised a varied collection of principalities and kingdoms that were occasionally at war with each other but maintained significant inter island and international trade Through both military conquest and alliance with local rulers they established trading posts forts and missions in the North Sulawesi and in the Spice Islands including Ternate Ambon and Solor The height of Portuguese missionary activities however came in the latter half of the 16th century after the pace of their military conquest in the archipelago had stopped and their East Asian interest was shifting to Portuguese India Portuguese Ceylon Japan Macau and China and sugar in Brazil and the Atlantic slave trade in turn further distracted their efforts in the East Indies In addition the first European people to arrive in Northern Sulawesi were the Portuguese Francisco Xavier supported and visited the Portuguese mission at Tolo on Halmahera This was the first Catholic mission in the Moluccas The mission began in 1534 when some chiefs from Morotai came to Ternate asking to be baptised Simao Vaz the vicar of Ternate went to Tolo to found the mission The mission was the source of conflict between the Spanish the Portuguese and Ternate Simao Vaz was later murdered at Sao 3 4 Decline and legacy editThe Portuguese presence in the East Indies was reduced to Solor Flores and Timor see Portuguese Timor alongside a small community in Kampung Tugu 5 following defeat in 1575 at Ternate at the hands of indigenous Ternateans Dutch conquests in Ambon north Maluku and Banda and a general failure for sustained control of trade in the region 6 In comparison with the original Portuguese ambition to dominate Asian trade their influences on modern Indonesian culture are minor the romantic keroncong guitar ballads a number of Indonesian words and some family names in eastern Indonesia such as da Costa Dias de Fretes and Gonsalves The most significant impacts of the Portuguese arrival were the disruption and the disorganisation of the trade network mostly as a result of their conquest of Portuguese Malacca and the first significant plantings of Christianity in Indonesia with the Kristang people Christian communities in eastern Indonesia have continued to exist and have contributed to a sense of shared interest with Europeans particularly among the Ambonese 7 See also edit nbsp Indonesia portal nbsp Portugal portalPortuguese East India Company Indonesia Portugal relations Portuguese loanwords in Indonesian Mardijker people Portuguese Indonesian Timeline of Indonesian history List of topics on the Portuguese Empire in the East Portuguese TimorReferences edit Ricklefs M C 1969 A History of Modern Indonesia Since c 1300 second edition London MacMillan pp 22 24 ISBN 0 333 57689 6 Sumber sumber asli sejarah Jakarta Jilid I Dokumen dokumen sejarah Jakarta sampai dengan akhir abad ke 16 Cipta Loka Caraka 1999 Zahorka Herwig 2007 The Sunda Kingdoms of West Java From Tarumanagara to Pakuan Pajajaran with Royal Center of Bogor Over 1000 Years of Prosperity and Glory Yayasan Cipta Loka Caraka Vaz Simon Halmahera dan Raja Ampat sebagai kesatuan majemuk studi studi terhadap p 279 Francis Xavier His Life His Times Indonesia and India 1545 1549 Xaviers mission p 179 A comunidade de Tugu in Portuguese Instituto Camoes Retrieved 25 August 2023 Miller George ed 1996 To The Spice Islands and Beyond Travels in Eastern Indonesia New York Oxford University Press pp xv ISBN 967 65 3099 9 Ricklefs 1991 pp 22 to 26 The term Indonesia did not yet exist Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago amp oldid 1172197653, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
