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Port of Karachi

February 16, 2024

The Port of Karachi (Urdu: کراچی بندرگاہ, Bandar gāh Karāchī) is one of South Asia's largest and busiest deep-water seaports, handling about 60% of the nation's cargo (25 million tons per annum) located in Karachi, Pakistan. It is located on the Karachi Harbour, between Kiamari Azra Langri, Manora, and Kakapir, and close to Karachi's main business district and several industrial areas. The geographic position of the port places it in close proximity to major shipping routes such as the Strait of Hormuz. The administration of the port is carried out by the Karachi Port Trust, which was established in 1857.

Port of Karachi
Click on the map for a fullscreen view
Location
Country Pakistan
LocationKarachi, Pakistan, north shore of Arabian Sea
Coordinates24°50′06″N 66°58′55″E / 24.835°N 66.982°E / 24.835; 66.982
UN/LOCODEPKKHI[1]
Details
Opened1857
Operated byKarachi Port Trust
Owned byMinistry of Ports and Shipping, Government of Pakistan
Type of harbourNatural
Size of harbour32 km (20 mi)
No. of berths41[2]
No. of wharfs8
Draft depth16.0 m.[2]
Statistics
Annual cargo tonnage65.25 million Metric tons
Annual container volume1.563 million TEUs
Website
www.kpt.gov.pk

History edit

 
Karachi Port in 1906 - Farewell arch erected by the Karachi Port for the Royal visit of King George V

The history of the port is intertwined with that of the city of Karachi. Several ancient ports have been attributed in the area including "Krokola", "Morontobara" (Woman's Harbour) (mentioned by Nearchus),[3] Barbarikon (the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea,[4] and Debal (a city captured by the Arab general Muhammad bin Qasim in 712 CE). There is a reference to the early existence of the port of Karachi in the "Umdah", by the Arab navigator Sulaiman al Mahri (AD 1511), who mentions "Ras al Karazi" and "Ras Karashi" while describing a route along the coast from Pasni to Ras Karashi. Karachi is also mentioned in the sixteenth century Turkish treatise Mir'ât ül Memâlik by the Ottoman captain Seydi Ali Reis, who warns sailors about whirlpools and advises them to seek safety in "Kaurashi" harbour if they found themselves drifting dangerously.

In 1728 heavy rains silted up the harbour at Kharak, forcing merchants to relocate to the area of modern Karachi. In 1729, they built a new fortified town called Kolachi (also known as Kalachi-jo-Kun and Kolachi-jo-Goth) on high ground north of Karachi bay, surrounded by a 16-foot (5 m) high mud and timber-reinforced wall with gun-mounted turrets and two gates. The gate facing the sea was called "Kharadar" (salt gate), and the gate facing the Lyari River[5] was called "Mithadar" (sweet gate). From 1729 to 1783 the strategic location of Kolachi saw the town change hands several times between the Khans of Kalat and the rulers of Sind. In 1783, after two prolonged sieges the town fell to the Talpur Mirs of Sind, who constructed Manora Fort mounted with cannons on Manora island at the harbour entrance.[6]

 
Karachi Port Trust Building

The British were concerned about Russian expansion towards the Arabian Sea, so in 1839 they occupied Karachi and later the whole of the Sindh. The port served as a landing point for troops during the First Afghan War. A number of British companies opened offices and warehouses in Karachi and the population increased rapidly. By 1852, Karachi was an established city with a population of 14,000 and a prosperous overseas trade.

The modern port began to take shape in 1854, when the main navigation channel was dredged and a mole or causeway was constructed to link the main harbour with the rest of the city. This was followed by construction of Manora breakwater, Keamari Groyne, the Napier Mole Bridge and the Native Jetty Bridge. The construction of the wharves started in 1882, and by 1914 the East Wharf and the Napier Mole Boat Wharf were complete while 1927 and 1944, the West Wharf, the lighterage berths and the ship-repair berths were constructed between 1927 and 1944.

By 1899 Karachi was the largest wheat and cotton exporting port in South Asia. The period between 1856 and 1872 saw a marked increase in trade, especially during the American Civil War when cotton from Sindh replaced American cotton as a raw material in the British textile industry and the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869. Karachi was an important military base during the First World War (1914–18) because it was the first British Raj port of call for ships coming through the Suez Canal and was the gateway to Afghanistan and the Russian Empire. Karachi was again a military base and port for supplies to the Russian front during the Second World War (1939–1945). In 1947, the British left the region and India and Pakistan were formed. In 1974, a bunch of terrorists seized a Greek ship and held the Greek crew for a number of hours. They wanted the Greek government to meet their demands. After this, the hostages were released and the terrorists fled the country.[7]

Facilities edit

 
Port facilities
 
Seaport from another angle.
 
Karachi Seaport as seen from Port Grand

The port comprises a deep natural harbour with an 11 kilometre long approach channel which provides safe navigation for vessels up to 75,000 tonnes deadweight (DWT). The main areas of port activity are two wharves; East Wharf with seventeen vessel berths and West Wharf with thirteen vessel berths. The maximum depth alongside the berths is currently 11.3 metres. The two wharves extend in opposite directions along the upper harbour – the East Wharf northeast from Kiamari Island and the West Wharf southwest from Saddar town. The two wharves each include a container terminal:

  • Karachi International Container Terminal (KICT) opened in 1996 at West Wharf berths 28-30. It has a handling capacity of 300,000 TEUs per annum and handles container ships up to 11-metre draught. The total quay length is 600 metres divided into two container berths. The terminal is equipped with three Panamax cranes and one post-Panamax crane.
  • Pakistan International Bulk Terminal (PIBT) in 2002 at East Wharf berths 6-9. It has a handling capacity of 350,000 TEUs per annum and handles container ships up to 11.5-metre draught. The total quay length is 600 metres divided into two container berths. The terminal is equipped with two Panamax cranes.
  • KICT and PICT have a nearby competitor in the privately operated Al-Hamd International Container Terminal (AICT), which opened in 2001 at a site west of the Layari river. AICT is situated next to the Sindh Industrial Trading Estate, the new truck stand at Hawkes Bay Road and close to the RCD Highway, Super Highway and the future Layari Bypass.

There are also three liquid cargo-handling berths (oil piers), two ship repair jetties and a shipyard and engineering facility.[8] The shipyard carries out shipbuilding and repair for both commercial and military customers on a 29-hectare (70 acres) site at the West Wharf. The facilities include a large shipbuilding hall, three shipbuilding berths, two dry-docks and three foundries.[9]

Expansion edit

The flow of cargo to and from the port is hampered by severe congestion in the harbour with several other maritime facilities located close to the port. Adjacent to the West Wharf is the Karachi Fishing Harbour, which is administered separately from the port and is the base for a fleet of several thousand fishing vessels. The West Wharf also hosts a ship repair facility and shipyard and a naval dockyard at the tip of the wharf, while to the south of the port are the Karachi Naval Base and the Kiamari Boat Club.

The Port of Karachi also faces competition from a new private terminal located 5 kilometres to the west. In recent years the federal government has attempted to alleviate the increased congestion by constructing a second port in Karachi thirty kilometres to the east at Port Qasim and a third major port at Gwadar, about 650 kilometres west of Karachi.

The Karachi Fishing Harbour has been upgraded recently, and a second fishing harbour has been built 18 kilometres away at Korangi. The transfer of some naval vessels to the new naval base at Ormara has brought about further reductions in congestion.

Further deepening of the port has been planned by the Karachi Port Trust in order to enhance facilities. The channel is being dredged initially to 13.5 metres deep to cater for 12-metre draught vessels at all tides. At Kiamari Groyne, located at the outer tip of the harbour, dredging will be to 16.5 metres to enable vessels up to 300 metres long to dock. Other projects to expand the port include:[10]

  • An increase the handling capacity of KICT from 300,000 TEUs to 400,000 TEUs per annum
  • Two new berths at KICT with 14 metres depth alongside and an additional 100,000 m² terminal/stacking area
  • Installation of modern facilities at PICT (completed in April 2004)
  • A new bulk cargo terminal at East Wharf
  • Reconstruction of the oldest oil pier to allow tankers of 90,000 tonnes deadweight (DWT) to berth
  • A new 100-acre (0.4 km2) cargo village to cater for containers and general and bulk cargo
  • Reconstruction of the 100-year-old NMB Wharf to enhance the berthing of passenger vessels
  • The purchase of a new dredger, two hopper barges, two harbour tugs, two water barges, an anchor hoist vessel, two pilot boats, and a dredger tender
  • A new desalination plant to address the city's water shortage problem
  • A 500-foot (150 m) high Port Tower for commercial and recreational use including a revolving restaurant
  • The construction of a 500-acre (2 km²) Port Town with 13,000 homes for port workers at nearby Hawkes Bay
  • A new Port Club at Chinna Creek adjacent to the East Wharf

On 9 November 2007, the Karachi Port Trust signed a US$1 billion agreement with Hutchison Port Holdings to construct a new terminal called the "Pakistan Deep Water Container Port", which would begin operations by 2010, and would have ten berths capable of handling Super Post Panamax container ships.[11][12]

South Asia Pakistan Terminal edit

 
Hutchison Port

Since 2016, South Asia Pakistan Terminal (SAPT) operates biggest deep sea port of the country. Hutchison Ports Pakistan invested $600m on the first phase of SAPT, he first phase include two berths having length of 800 metres.[13]

Hutchison Ports Pakistan, subsidiary of Hutchison Port Holdings, which in turn subsidiary of CK Hutchison Holdings. Hutchison Ports Pakistan welcomed CV COSCO BELGIUM, with length over all of 366 meters and a capacity of 13,386 TEUs to ever call at any port of Pakistan, .[14]

[15] Sapt Container Tracking is a comprehensive and advanced system designed to facilitate the efficient monitoring and management of shipping containers within the global supply chain. Developed by experts in the logistics and maritime industries, SAPT Container Tracking employs cutting-edge technology such as GPS and RFID to provide real-time location information, status updates, and secure documentation for containers in transit. This system plays a crucial role in enhancing transparency, optimizing logistics operations, and improving overall supply chain efficiency. By offering a user-friendly interface and robust features, SAPT Container Tracking contributes significantly to the seamless coordination of containerized cargo movement, benefiting businesses, freight operators, and other stakeholders involved in international trade.

Environmental concerns edit

The area around the harbour includes several mangrove forests which are constantly under threat from human activities. To the east of the port lies Chinna Creek, which covers about 6 km² and is dotted with mangrove islands. To the southwest of the port is another much larger mangrove forest in the bay formed by several islands and Manora breakwater; the river Layari flows into this bay, bringing waste from upstream suburbs.[16]

The beach immediately east of the harbour was the scene of a significant oil spillage when the Greek-registered Tasman Spirit ran aground on 28 July 2003.[17] The environmental impact included large numbers of dead fish and turtles and damage to a key mangrove forest, as well as dozens of people suffering nausea.[18]

Labour relations edit

The Karachi Dock Labour Board (KDLB) is responsible for labour relations between employees and the Karachi Port Trust. In October 2006, the Pakistan government decided to close down Karachi Dock Labour Board by the end of the year as part of its port strategy and under the National Trade Corridor (NTC) programme. The closure of KDLB would cost around Rs 4.2 billion ($70 million) to the national exchequer.[19]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "UNLOCODE (PK) - PAKISTAN". service.unece.org. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Port of Karachi, Pakistan". www.findaport.com. Shipping Guides Ltd. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
  3. ^ Jona Lendering, Livius.org. . Archived from the original on 8 November 2015. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
  4. ^ "Indian Ocean Trade". University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
  5. ^ 5 Things You Probably Didn't Know About Lyari (info about Lyari River) hamaralyari.com website, retrieved 5 January 2018
  6. ^ "Ecologically destructive projects on Karachi coast". Dawn Group of Newspapers. 27 November 2006. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
  7. ^ "Gunmen Free 2 Hostages on Greek Ship in Pakistan". The New York Times. 4 February 1974.
  8. ^ . Karachi Port Trust. Archived from the original on 21 October 2007. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
  9. ^ . Karachi Shipyard & Engineering Works. Archived from the original on 9 October 2007. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
  10. ^ . Karachi Port Trust. Archived from the original on 4 February 2012. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
  11. ^ "$1bn deep water port agreement signed". The News International (newspaper). 9 November 2007. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
  12. ^ (PDF). Government of Pakistan. 5 October 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 December 2007. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
  13. ^ Rana, Parvaiz Ishfaq (21 November 2019). "South Asia Pakistan Terminal to add two more berths". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  14. ^ News Desk (20 December 2019). "Hutchison Ports Pakistan welcomes country's largest ever container ship". Mettis Global News. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  15. ^ SAPT Container Tracking
  16. ^ . IUCN Pakistan. Archived from the original on 3 December 2007. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
  17. ^ "Pakistan tackles huge oil spill". BBC News. 15 August 2003. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
  18. ^ "PAKISTAN: Oil spill threatens marine life, coastal ecosystems". Integrated Regional Information Networks, United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. 15 August 2003. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
  19. ^ Anwar Khan (9 December 2014). "Retired dock workers' demo enters 8th day". Business Recorder (newspaper). Retrieved 5 January 2018.

External links edit

  • Official website
  • Report on the state and requirements of the Kurrachee harbour works (Karachi harbor works) on GoogleBooks

February 16, 2024
port, karachi, urdu, کراچی, بندرگاہ, bandar, gāh, karāchī, south, asia, largest, busiest, deep, water, seaports, handling, about, nation, cargo, million, tons, annum, located, karachi, pakistan, located, karachi, harbour, between, kiamari, azra, langri, manora. The Port of Karachi Urdu کراچی بندرگاہ Bandar gah Karachi is one of South Asia s largest and busiest deep water seaports handling about 60 of the nation s cargo 25 million tons per annum located in Karachi Pakistan It is located on the Karachi Harbour between Kiamari Azra Langri Manora and Kakapir and close to Karachi s main business district and several industrial areas The geographic position of the port places it in close proximity to major shipping routes such as the Strait of Hormuz The administration of the port is carried out by the Karachi Port Trust which was established in 1857 Port of KarachiClick on the map for a fullscreen viewLocationCountry PakistanLocationKarachi Pakistan north shore of Arabian SeaCoordinates24 50 06 N 66 58 55 E 24 835 N 66 982 E 24 835 66 982UN LOCODEPKKHI 1 DetailsOpened1857Operated byKarachi Port TrustOwned byMinistry of Ports and Shipping Government of PakistanType of harbourNaturalSize of harbour32 km 20 mi No of berths41 2 No of wharfs8Draft depth16 0 m 2 StatisticsAnnual cargo tonnage65 25 million Metric tonsAnnual container volume1 563 million TEUsWebsitewww wbr kpt wbr gov wbr pk Contents 1 History 2 Facilities 3 Expansion 4 South Asia Pakistan Terminal 5 Environmental concerns 6 Labour relations 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksHistory edit nbsp Karachi Port in 1906 Farewell arch erected by the Karachi Port for the Royal visit of King George VThe history of the port is intertwined with that of the city of Karachi Several ancient ports have been attributed in the area including Krokola Morontobara Woman s Harbour mentioned by Nearchus 3 Barbarikon the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea 4 and Debal a city captured by the Arab general Muhammad bin Qasim in 712 CE There is a reference to the early existence of the port of Karachi in the Umdah by the Arab navigator Sulaiman al Mahri AD 1511 who mentions Ras al Karazi and Ras Karashi while describing a route along the coast from Pasni to Ras Karashi Karachi is also mentioned in the sixteenth century Turkish treatise Mir at ul Memalik by the Ottoman captain Seydi Ali Reis who warns sailors about whirlpools and advises them to seek safety in Kaurashi harbour if they found themselves drifting dangerously In 1728 heavy rains silted up the harbour at Kharak forcing merchants to relocate to the area of modern Karachi In 1729 they built a new fortified town called Kolachi also known as Kalachi jo Kun and Kolachi jo Goth on high ground north of Karachi bay surrounded by a 16 foot 5 m high mud and timber reinforced wall with gun mounted turrets and two gates The gate facing the sea was called Kharadar salt gate and the gate facing the Lyari River 5 was called Mithadar sweet gate From 1729 to 1783 the strategic location of Kolachi saw the town change hands several times between the Khans of Kalat and the rulers of Sind In 1783 after two prolonged sieges the town fell to the Talpur Mirs of Sind who constructed Manora Fort mounted with cannons on Manora island at the harbour entrance 6 nbsp Karachi Port Trust BuildingThe British were concerned about Russian expansion towards the Arabian Sea so in 1839 they occupied Karachi and later the whole of the Sindh The port served as a landing point for troops during the First Afghan War A number of British companies opened offices and warehouses in Karachi and the population increased rapidly By 1852 Karachi was an established city with a population of 14 000 and a prosperous overseas trade The modern port began to take shape in 1854 when the main navigation channel was dredged and a mole or causeway was constructed to link the main harbour with the rest of the city This was followed by construction of Manora breakwater Keamari Groyne the Napier Mole Bridge and the Native Jetty Bridge The construction of the wharves started in 1882 and by 1914 the East Wharf and the Napier Mole Boat Wharf were complete while 1927 and 1944 the West Wharf the lighterage berths and the ship repair berths were constructed between 1927 and 1944 By 1899 Karachi was the largest wheat and cotton exporting port in South Asia The period between 1856 and 1872 saw a marked increase in trade especially during the American Civil War when cotton from Sindh replaced American cotton as a raw material in the British textile industry and the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 Karachi was an important military base during the First World War 1914 18 because it was the first British Raj port of call for ships coming through the Suez Canal and was the gateway to Afghanistan and the Russian Empire Karachi was again a military base and port for supplies to the Russian front during the Second World War 1939 1945 In 1947 the British left the region and India and Pakistan were formed In 1974 a bunch of terrorists seized a Greek ship and held the Greek crew for a number of hours They wanted the Greek government to meet their demands After this the hostages were released and the terrorists fled the country 7 Facilities edit nbsp Port facilities nbsp Seaport from another angle nbsp Karachi Seaport as seen from Port GrandThe port comprises a deep natural harbour with an 11 kilometre long approach channel which provides safe navigation for vessels up to 75 000 tonnes deadweight DWT The main areas of port activity are two wharves East Wharf with seventeen vessel berths and West Wharf with thirteen vessel berths The maximum depth alongside the berths is currently 11 3 metres The two wharves extend in opposite directions along the upper harbour the East Wharf northeast from Kiamari Island and the West Wharf southwest from Saddar town The two wharves each include a container terminal Karachi International Container Terminal KICT opened in 1996 at West Wharf berths 28 30 It has a handling capacity of 300 000 TEUs per annum and handles container ships up to 11 metre draught The total quay length is 600 metres divided into two container berths The terminal is equipped with three Panamax cranes and one post Panamax crane Pakistan International Bulk Terminal PIBT in 2002 at East Wharf berths 6 9 It has a handling capacity of 350 000 TEUs per annum and handles container ships up to 11 5 metre draught The total quay length is 600 metres divided into two container berths The terminal is equipped with two Panamax cranes KICT and PICT have a nearby competitor in the privately operated Al Hamd International Container Terminal AICT which opened in 2001 at a site west of the Layari river AICT is situated next to the Sindh Industrial Trading Estate the new truck stand at Hawkes Bay Road and close to the RCD Highway Super Highway and the future Layari Bypass There are also three liquid cargo handling berths oil piers two ship repair jetties and a shipyard and engineering facility 8 The shipyard carries out shipbuilding and repair for both commercial and military customers on a 29 hectare 70 acres site at the West Wharf The facilities include a large shipbuilding hall three shipbuilding berths two dry docks and three foundries 9 Expansion editThe flow of cargo to and from the port is hampered by severe congestion in the harbour with several other maritime facilities located close to the port Adjacent to the West Wharf is the Karachi Fishing Harbour which is administered separately from the port and is the base for a fleet of several thousand fishing vessels The West Wharf also hosts a ship repair facility and shipyard and a naval dockyard at the tip of the wharf while to the south of the port are the Karachi Naval Base and the Kiamari Boat Club The Port of Karachi also faces competition from a new private terminal located 5 kilometres to the west In recent years the federal government has attempted to alleviate the increased congestion by constructing a second port in Karachi thirty kilometres to the east at Port Qasim and a third major port at Gwadar about 650 kilometres west of Karachi The Karachi Fishing Harbour has been upgraded recently and a second fishing harbour has been built 18 kilometres away at Korangi The transfer of some naval vessels to the new naval base at Ormara has brought about further reductions in congestion Further deepening of the port has been planned by the Karachi Port Trust in order to enhance facilities The channel is being dredged initially to 13 5 metres deep to cater for 12 metre draught vessels at all tides At Kiamari Groyne located at the outer tip of the harbour dredging will be to 16 5 metres to enable vessels up to 300 metres long to dock Other projects to expand the port include 10 An increase the handling capacity of KICT from 300 000 TEUs to 400 000 TEUs per annum Two new berths at KICT with 14 metres depth alongside and an additional 100 000 m terminal stacking area Installation of modern facilities at PICT completed in April 2004 A new bulk cargo terminal at East Wharf Reconstruction of the oldest oil pier to allow tankers of 90 000 tonnes deadweight DWT to berth A new 100 acre 0 4 km2 cargo village to cater for containers and general and bulk cargo Reconstruction of the 100 year old NMB Wharf to enhance the berthing of passenger vessels The purchase of a new dredger two hopper barges two harbour tugs two water barges an anchor hoist vessel two pilot boats and a dredger tender A new desalination plant to address the city s water shortage problem A 500 foot 150 m high Port Tower for commercial and recreational use including a revolving restaurant The construction of a 500 acre 2 km Port Town with 13 000 homes for port workers at nearby Hawkes Bay A new Port Club at Chinna Creek adjacent to the East WharfOn 9 November 2007 the Karachi Port Trust signed a US 1 billion agreement with Hutchison Port Holdings to construct a new terminal called the Pakistan Deep Water Container Port which would begin operations by 2010 and would have ten berths capable of handling Super Post Panamax container ships 11 12 South Asia Pakistan Terminal edit nbsp Hutchison PortSince 2016 South Asia Pakistan Terminal SAPT operates biggest deep sea port of the country Hutchison Ports Pakistan invested 600m on the first phase of SAPT he first phase include two berths having length of 800 metres 13 Hutchison Ports Pakistan subsidiary of Hutchison Port Holdings which in turn subsidiary of CK Hutchison Holdings Hutchison Ports Pakistan welcomed CV COSCO BELGIUM with length over all of 366 meters and a capacity of 13 386 TEUs to ever call at any port of Pakistan 14 15 Sapt Container Tracking is a comprehensive and advanced system designed to facilitate the efficient monitoring and management of shipping containers within the global supply chain Developed by experts in the logistics and maritime industries SAPT Container Tracking employs cutting edge technology such as GPS and RFID to provide real time location information status updates and secure documentation for containers in transit This system plays a crucial role in enhancing transparency optimizing logistics operations and improving overall supply chain efficiency By offering a user friendly interface and robust features SAPT Container Tracking contributes significantly to the seamless coordination of containerized cargo movement benefiting businesses freight operators and other stakeholders involved in international trade Environmental concerns editThe area around the harbour includes several mangrove forests which are constantly under threat from human activities To the east of the port lies Chinna Creek which covers about 6 km and is dotted with mangrove islands To the southwest of the port is another much larger mangrove forest in the bay formed by several islands and Manora breakwater the river Layari flows into this bay bringing waste from upstream suburbs 16 The beach immediately east of the harbour was the scene of a significant oil spillage when the Greek registered Tasman Spirit ran aground on 28 July 2003 17 The environmental impact included large numbers of dead fish and turtles and damage to a key mangrove forest as well as dozens of people suffering nausea 18 Labour relations editThe Karachi Dock Labour Board KDLB is responsible for labour relations between employees and the Karachi Port Trust In October 2006 the Pakistan government decided to close down Karachi Dock Labour Board by the end of the year as part of its port strategy and under the National Trade Corridor NTC programme The closure of KDLB would cost around Rs 4 2 billion 70 million to the national exchequer 19 See also edit nbsp Pakistan portalList of ports in Pakistan Pakistan Marine Academy Pakistan Merchant Navy Gwadar port Transport in Karachi Transport in Pakistan Ministry of Maritime Affairs Pakistan References edit UNLOCODE PK PAKISTAN service unece org Retrieved 25 April 2020 a b Port of Karachi Pakistan www findaport com Shipping Guides Ltd Retrieved 13 August 2020 Jona Lendering Livius org Nearchus admiral of Alexander the Great Archived from the original on 8 November 2015 Retrieved 5 January 2018 Indian Ocean Trade University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology Retrieved 5 January 2018 5 Things You Probably Didn t Know About Lyari info about Lyari River hamaralyari com website retrieved 5 January 2018 Ecologically destructive projects on Karachi coast Dawn Group of Newspapers 27 November 2006 Retrieved 5 January 2018 Gunmen Free 2 Hostages on Greek Ship in Pakistan The New York Times 4 February 1974 Ships Repair at Port of Karachi Karachi Port Trust Archived from the original on 21 October 2007 Retrieved 5 January 2018 Company Profile of Karachi Shipyard amp Engineering Works Karachi Shipyard amp Engineering Works Archived from the original on 9 October 2007 Retrieved 5 January 2018 Projects at Port of Karachi Karachi Port Trust Archived from the original on 4 February 2012 Retrieved 5 January 2018 1bn deep water port agreement signed The News International newspaper 9 November 2007 Retrieved 5 January 2018 Information Memorandum Shipyards at Karachi PDF Government of Pakistan 5 October 2007 Archived from the original PDF on 7 December 2007 Retrieved 5 January 2018 Rana Parvaiz Ishfaq 21 November 2019 South Asia Pakistan Terminal to add two more berths DAWN COM Retrieved 22 March 2022 News Desk 20 December 2019 Hutchison Ports Pakistan welcomes country s largest ever container ship Mettis Global News Retrieved 22 March 2022 SAPT Container Tracking Education for Environment amp Biodiversity of Pakistan Water IUCN Pakistan Archived from the original on 3 December 2007 Retrieved 5 January 2018 Pakistan tackles huge oil spill BBC News 15 August 2003 Retrieved 5 January 2018 PAKISTAN Oil spill threatens marine life coastal ecosystems Integrated Regional Information Networks United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 15 August 2003 Retrieved 5 January 2018 Anwar Khan 9 December 2014 Retired dock workers demo enters 8th day Business Recorder newspaper Retrieved 5 January 2018 External links editPort of Karachi at Wikipedia s sister projects nbsp Definitions from Wiktionary nbsp Media from Commons nbsp News from Wikinews nbsp Quotations from Wikiquote nbsp Texts from Wikisource nbsp Textbooks from Wikibooks nbsp Resources from Wikiversity Official website Report on the state and requirements of the Kurrachee harbour works Karachi harbor works on GoogleBooks Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Port of Karachi amp oldid 1188283499, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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