The twenty-foot equivalent unit (abbreviated TEU or teu) is an inexact unit of cargo capacity, often used for container ships and container ports.[1] It is based on the volume of a 20-foot-long (6.1 m) intermodal container, a standard-sized metal box which can be easily transferred between different modes of transportation, such as ships, trains, and trucks.[1]
Two forty-foot containers stacked on top of two twenty-foot containers. These four containers represent 6 TEU.
The container is defined by its length, although the height is not standardized and ranges between 4 feet 3 inches (1.30 m) and 9 feet 6 inches (2.90 m), with the most common height being 8 feet 6 inches (2.59 m).[2] It is common to designate a 45-foot (13.7 m) container as 2 TEU, rather than 2.25 TEU.
Stacked top to bottom: 53ft, 48ft, 45ft, 40ft, and two end-to-end, 20ft containers
The standard intermodal container is designated as twenty feet long (6.1m) and 8 feet (2.44 m) wide.[1] Additionally there is a standard container with the same width but a doubled length of forty feet called a 40-foot (12.2m) container, which equals one forty-foot equivalent unit (often FEU or feu) in cargo transportation (considered to be two TEU, see below).
In order to allow stacking of these types a forty-foot intermodal container has an exact length of 40 feet (12.192 m), while the standard twenty-foot intermodal container is slightly shorter having an exact length of 19 feet 10.5 inches (6.058 m). The twistlocks on a ship are put at a distance so that two standard twenty-foot containers have a gap of three inches which allows a single forty-foot container to be put on top.[3]
The forty-foot containers have found wider acceptance, as they can be pulled by semi-trailer truck. The length of such a combination is within the limits of national road regulations in many countries, requiring no special permission. As some road regulations allow longer trucks, there are also variations of the standard forty-foot container – in Europe and most other places a container of 45 feet (13.72 m) may be pulled as a trailer. Containers with a length of 48 feet (14.63 m) or 53 feet (16.15 m) are restricted to road and rail transport in North America. Although longer than 40 feet, these variants are put in the same class of forty-foot equivalent units.
The MV Emma Mærsk officially carries 11,000 TEU (14 tons gross each)[n 1]
The carrying capacity of a ship is usually measured by mass (the deadweight tonnage) or by volume (the net register tonnage). Deadweight tonnage is generally measured now in metric tons (tonnes). Register tons are measured in cu. ft, with one register ton equivalent to 100 cubic feet (2.83 m3).
As the TEU is an inexact unit, it cannot be converted precisely into other units. The related unit forty-foot equivalent unit, however, is defined as two TEU. The most common twenty-foot container occupies a space 20 feet (6.1 m) long, 8 feet (2.44 m) wide, and 8 feet 6 inches (2.59 m) high, with an allowance externally for the corner castings; the internal volume is 1,172 cubic feet (33.2 m3). However, both 9-foot-6-inch-tall (2.90 m) High cube and 4-foot-3-inch (1.30 m) half height containers are also reckoned as 1 TEU.[2] This gives a volume range of 680 to 1,520 cubic feet (19 to 43 m3) for one TEU.
While the TEU is not itself a measure of mass, some conclusions can be drawn about the maximum mass that a TEU can represent. The maximum gross mass for a 20-foot (6.1 m) dry cargo container is 24,000 kilograms (53,000 lb).[7] Subtracting the tare mass of the container itself, the maximum amount of cargo per TEU is reduced to approximately 21,600 kilograms (47,600 lb).[7]
Similarly, the maximum gross mass for a 40-foot (12.2 m) dry cargo container (including the 9-foot-6-inch (2.90 m) High cube container) is 30,480 kilograms (67,200 lb).[7] After correcting for tare weight, this gives a cargo capacity of 26,500 kilograms (58,400 lb).[7]
Twenty-foot, "heavy tested" containers are available for heavy goods such as heavy machinery. These containers allow a maximum weight of 67,200 pounds (30,500 kg), an empty weight of 5,290 pounds (2,400 kg), and a net load of 61,910 pounds (28,080 kg).[citation needed]
^. Odense Steel Shipyard. 2006-12-08. Archived from the original on July 13, 2007.
^Koepf, Pam (2006). "Overachievers We Love". Popular Science. 269 (6): 24.
^ ab"Dry containers 20' and 40' for general purposes - DSV". www.dsv.com.
^ abcd. Emase. Archived from the original on April 20, 2009. Retrieved 2007-02-10.
Bibliography
Maersk Shipping (2010). . Maersk. Archived from the original on 2008-11-15. Retrieved 2008-10-25.
CIRCA (2008). . The European Commission. Archived from the original on 2008-04-14. Retrieved 2008-03-20.
Rowlett, Russ; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (2000). "How Many? A Dictionary of Units of Measurement". University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 2008-03-20.
Bohlman, Michael (September 2001). . ISO Bulletin. International Organization for Standardization: 15. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-10-16. Retrieved 2008-03-20.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2002-06-19). "Twenty Foot Equivalent Unit (TEU)". Glossary of Statistical Terms. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Retrieved 2008-03-20.
External links
Company, Cargo (27 March 2021). "CBM Calculator". Dubai: Shipwaves. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
January 26, 2023
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Teus redirects here For the football goalkeeper see Eduardo Teus For the airport see Te Anau Airport The twenty foot equivalent unit abbreviated TEU or teu is an inexact unit of cargo capacity often used for container ships and container ports 1 It is based on the volume of a 20 foot long 6 1 m intermodal container a standard sized metal box which can be easily transferred between different modes of transportation such as ships trains and trucks 1 A 20 foot long 6 1 m ISO container equals 1 TEU Two forty foot containers stacked on top of two twenty foot containers These four containers represent 6 TEU The container is defined by its length although the height is not standardized and ranges between 4 feet 3 inches 1 30 m and 9 feet 6 inches 2 90 m with the most common height being 8 feet 6 inches 2 59 m 2 It is common to designate a 45 foot 13 7 m container as 2 TEU rather than 2 25 TEU Contents 1 Forty foot equivalent unit 2 Equivalence 3 See also 4 Footnotes 5 Citations 6 Bibliography 7 External linksForty foot equivalent unit Edit Stacked top to bottom 53 ft 48 ft 45 ft 40 ft and two end to end 20 ft containers The standard intermodal container is designated as twenty feet long 6 1 m and 8 feet 2 44 m wide 1 Additionally there is a standard container with the same width but a doubled length of forty feet called a 40 foot 12 2 m container which equals one forty foot equivalent unit often FEU or feu in cargo transportation considered to be two TEU see below In order to allow stacking of these types a forty foot intermodal container has an exact length of 40 feet 12 192 m while the standard twenty foot intermodal container is slightly shorter having an exact length of 19 feet 10 5 inches 6 058 m The twistlocks on a ship are put at a distance so that two standard twenty foot containers have a gap of three inches which allows a single forty foot container to be put on top 3 The forty foot containers have found wider acceptance as they can be pulled by semi trailer truck The length of such a combination is within the limits of national road regulations in many countries requiring no special permission As some road regulations allow longer trucks there are also variations of the standard forty foot container in Europe and most other places a container of 45 feet 13 72 m may be pulled as a trailer Containers with a length of 48 feet 14 63 m or 53 feet 16 15 m are restricted to road and rail transport in North America Although longer than 40 feet these variants are put in the same class of forty foot equivalent units The MV Emma Maersk officially carries 11 000 TEU 14 tons gross each n 1 Equivalence EditTEU capacities for common container sizes Length Width Height Internal volume TEU Notes Sq meters20 ft 6 1 m 8 ft 2 44 m 8 ft 6 in 2 59 m 1 172 cu ft 33 2 m3 1 6 15 8440 ft 12 2 m 8 ft 2 44 m 8 ft 6 in 2 59 m 2 389 cu ft 67 6 m3 2 6 29 7748 ft 14 6 m 8 ft 2 44 m 8 ft 6 in 2 59 m 3 264 cu ft 92 4 m3 2 4 35 6253 ft 16 2 m 8 ft 2 44 m 8 ft 6 in 2 59 m 3 604 cu ft 102 1 m3 2 65 39 5320 ft 6 1 m 8 ft 2 44 m 9 ft 6 in 2 90 m 1 520 cu ft 43 m3 1 2 High cube 15 8420 ft 6 1 m 8 ft 2 44 m 4 ft 3 in 1 30 m 680 cu ft 19 3 m3 1 2 Half height 15 84The carrying capacity of a ship is usually measured by mass the deadweight tonnage or by volume the net register tonnage Deadweight tonnage is generally measured now in metric tons tonnes Register tons are measured in cu ft with one register ton equivalent to 100 cubic feet 2 83 m3 As the TEU is an inexact unit it cannot be converted precisely into other units The related unit forty foot equivalent unit however is defined as two TEU The most common twenty foot container occupies a space 20 feet 6 1 m long 8 feet 2 44 m wide and 8 feet 6 inches 2 59 m high with an allowance externally for the corner castings the internal volume is 1 172 cubic feet 33 2 m3 However both 9 foot 6 inch tall 2 90 m High cube and 4 foot 3 inch 1 30 m half height containers are also reckoned as 1 TEU 2 This gives a volume range of 680 to 1 520 cubic feet 19 to 43 m3 for one TEU While the TEU is not itself a measure of mass some conclusions can be drawn about the maximum mass that a TEU can represent The maximum gross mass for a 20 foot 6 1 m dry cargo container is 24 000 kilograms 53 000 lb 7 Subtracting the tare mass of the container itself the maximum amount of cargo per TEU is reduced to approximately 21 600 kilograms 47 600 lb 7 Similarly the maximum gross mass for a 40 foot 12 2 m dry cargo container including the 9 foot 6 inch 2 90 m High cube container is 30 480 kilograms 67 200 lb 7 After correcting for tare weight this gives a cargo capacity of 26 500 kilograms 58 400 lb 7 Twenty foot heavy tested containers are available for heavy goods such as heavy machinery These containers allow a maximum weight of 67 200 pounds 30 500 kg an empty weight of 5 290 pounds 2 400 kg and a net load of 61 910 pounds 28 080 kg citation needed See also Edit Transport portalContainerization List of unusual units of measurement Panama Canal toll system Shipping tonFootnotes Edit Maersk claims 14 780 TEU worth of space and a loading plan of 15 212 TEU 4 5 Citations Edit a b c Rowlett 2004 a b c d Container Shipping damovers com DaMovers com Archived from the original on 2008 03 27 Retrieved 2008 03 22 How Does It Work Retrieved 26 October 2015 Namegiving of newbuilding L 203 Odense Steel Shipyard 2006 12 08 Archived from the original on July 13 2007 Koepf Pam 2006 Overachievers We Love Popular Science 269 6 24 a b Dry containers 20 and 40 for general purposes DSV www dsv com a b c d Shipping containers Emase Archived from the original on April 20 2009 Retrieved 2007 02 10 Bibliography EditMaersk Shipping 2010 Maersk Container Brochure Maersk Archived from the original on 2008 11 15 Retrieved 2008 10 25 CIRCA 2008 Glossary TEU Twenty foot Equivalent Unit The European Commission Archived from the original on 2008 04 14 Retrieved 2008 03 20 Rowlett Russ University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 2000 How Many A Dictionary of Units of Measurement University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Retrieved 2008 03 20 Bohlman Michael September 2001 ISO s container standards are nothing but good news ISO Bulletin International Organization for Standardization 15 Archived from the original PDF on 2014 10 16 Retrieved 2008 03 20 Organisation for Economic Co operation and Development 2002 06 19 Twenty Foot Equivalent Unit TEU Glossary of Statistical Terms Organisation for Economic Co operation and Development Retrieved 2008 03 20 External links EditCompany Cargo 27 March 2021 CBM Calculator Dubai Shipwaves Retrieved 27 March 2021 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Twenty foot equivalent unit amp oldid 1098945077, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
