Polyptychodon (meaning 'many-folded tooth') is a genus of pliosaurid found in Middle-Late Cretaceous marine deposits in southern England, France and Argentina. It has been considered a nomen dubium in a 2016 review.[2]
The type species, P. interruptus is known from an isolated tooth from the Late Cretaceous Chalk Group of southern England.[1] Owen described a second nominal species of the genus, P. continuus, from an isolated tooth collected in the Hythe Formation of Maidstone, Kent. (The macronarian sauropod Dinodocus was mistakenly thought to be conspecific with P. continuus before it was correctly recognized as a dinosaur and not a plesiosaur.)
Numerous pliosaurid teeth and vertebrae from England and eastern France have been previously assigned to Polyptychodon, including isolated vertebrae from France which were misidentified as a sauropod.[3] Comparison between Albian-age isolated vertebrae from marine deposits in France and Kronosaurus suggested a size of approximately 7 metres (23 ft) for a Polyptychodon-like brachaucheniine pliosaurid.[3] However, a 2016 re-evaluation found Polyptychodon and its types species to be dubious, and that numerous remains from the Chalk Group in England that had been referred to the genus most likely represent different species of plesiosaurs, with some teeth possibly being referable to Polycotylidae.[2] Similar fossils of pliosaurs were found also in Czech Republic.[4]
The species Polyptychodon patagonicus (Ameghino, 1893), based on crocodile teeth discovered in Argentina, shares the same genus name. According to a 2010 study, P. patagonicus is a nomen vanum and a nomen dubium.[5]
Polyptychocon hudsoni holotype SMU 60313 skull parts (top), skull roof in profile showing extent of the parietal crest. (bottom).
^ abcOwen R. (1841). Odontography. London: Hippolyte Baillière. p. 655.
^ abcMadzia D. (2016). "A reappraisal of Polyptychodon (Plesiosauria) from the Cretaceous of England". PeerJ. 4: e1998. doi:10.7717/peerj.1998. PMC4867712. PMID 27190712.
^ abBuffetaut E, Colleté C, Dubus B, Petit J-L. (2005). "The "sauropod" from the Albian of Mesnil-Saint-Père (Aube, France): a pliosaur, not a dinosaur". Association Géologique Auboise, Bulletin Annuel, Sainte-Savine. 26: 3–8.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^"Druhohorní plazi v Čechách II" [Mesozoic reptiles in Bohemia, part 2] (in Czech). 13 July 2015.
^J. P. O'Gorman; A. N. Varela (2010). P. Mannion; J. Tennant (eds.). "The oldest lower Upper Cretaceous plesiosaurs (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) from Southern Patagonia, Argentina". Ameghiniana. 47 (4): 447–459. doi:10.5710/AMGH.v47i4.3. S2CID 129812539.
^Welles SP, Slaughter BH (1963). "The first record of the plesiosaurian genus Polyptychodon (Pliosauridae) from the New World". Journal of Paleontology. 37 (1): 131–133.
^"Plesiosaur Unearthed During Preliminary Excavation for the Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport".
^Madzia, Daniel; Sachs, Sven; Lindgren, Johan (2019). "Morphological and phylogenetic aspects of the dentition of Megacephalosaurus eulerti, a pliosaurid from the Turonian of Kansas, USA, with remarks on the cranial anatomy of the taxon". Geological Magazine. 156 (07): 1201–1216. doi:10.1017/S0016756818000523.
polyptychodon, meaning, many, folded, tooth, genus, pliosaurid, found, middle, late, cretaceous, marine, deposits, southern, england, france, argentina, been, considered, nomen, dubium, 2016, review, temporal, range, late, cretaceous, preꞒ, interruptus, with, . Polyptychodon meaning many folded tooth is a genus of pliosaurid found in Middle Late Cretaceous marine deposits in southern England France and Argentina It has been considered a nomen dubium in a 2016 review 2 PolyptychodonTemporal range Late Cretaceous 101 89 3 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N P interruptus jaw with tooth Scientific classification Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Sauropsida Order Plesiosauria Suborder Pliosauroidea Family Pliosauridae Subfamily Brachaucheninae Genus PolyptychodonOwen 1841 1 Binomial name Polyptychodon interruptusOwen 1841 1 Other species P patagonicus Ameghino 1893 Contents 1 History of discovery 2 See also 3 References 4 External linksHistory of discovery edit nbsp Restoration of P interruptus The type species P interruptus is known from an isolated tooth from the Late Cretaceous Chalk Group of southern England 1 Owen described a second nominal species of the genus P continuus from an isolated tooth collected in the Hythe Formation of Maidstone Kent The macronarian sauropod Dinodocus was mistakenly thought to be conspecific with P continuus before it was correctly recognized as a dinosaur and not a plesiosaur Numerous pliosaurid teeth and vertebrae from England and eastern France have been previously assigned to Polyptychodon including isolated vertebrae from France which were misidentified as a sauropod 3 Comparison between Albian age isolated vertebrae from marine deposits in France and Kronosaurus suggested a size of approximately 7 metres 23 ft for a Polyptychodon like brachaucheniine pliosaurid 3 However a 2016 re evaluation found Polyptychodon and its types species to be dubious and that numerous remains from the Chalk Group in England that had been referred to the genus most likely represent different species of plesiosaurs with some teeth possibly being referable to Polycotylidae 2 Similar fossils of pliosaurs were found also in Czech Republic 4 The species Polyptychodon patagonicus Ameghino 1893 based on crocodile teeth discovered in Argentina shares the same genus name According to a 2010 study P patagonicus is a nomen vanum and a nomen dubium 5 nbsp Polyptychocon hudsoni holotype SMU 60313 skull parts top skull roof in profile showing extent of the parietal crest bottom Polyptychodon hudsoni holotytpe SMU 60313 was described from the Turonian age Eagle Ford Formation of Dallas Texas 6 7 It probably belongs to a different genus 2 8 See also edit nbsp paleontology portal Timeline of plesiosaur researchReferences edit a b c Owen R 1841 Odontography London Hippolyte Bailliere p 655 a b c Madzia D 2016 A reappraisal of Polyptychodon Plesiosauria from the Cretaceous of England PeerJ 4 e1998 doi 10 7717 peerj 1998 PMC 4867712 PMID 27190712 a b Buffetaut E Collete C Dubus B Petit J L 2005 The sauropod from the Albian of Mesnil Saint Pere Aube France a pliosaur not a dinosaur Association Geologique Auboise Bulletin Annuel Sainte Savine 26 3 8 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Druhohorni plazi v Cechach II Mesozoic reptiles in Bohemia part 2 in Czech 13 July 2015 J P O Gorman A N Varela 2010 P Mannion J Tennant eds The oldest lower Upper Cretaceous plesiosaurs Reptilia Sauropterygia from Southern Patagonia Argentina Ameghiniana 47 4 447 459 doi 10 5710 AMGH v47i4 3 S2CID 129812539 Welles SP Slaughter BH 1963 The first record of the plesiosaurian genus Polyptychodon Pliosauridae from the New World Journal of Paleontology 37 1 131 133 Plesiosaur Unearthed During Preliminary Excavation for the Dallas Fort Worth International Airport Madzia Daniel Sachs Sven Lindgren Johan 2019 Morphological and phylogenetic aspects of the dentition of Megacephalosaurus eulerti a pliosaurid from the Turonian of Kansas USA with remarks on the cranial anatomy of the taxon Geological Magazine 156 07 1201 1216 doi 10 1017 S0016756818000523 External links editPolyptychodon in the Paleobiology Database Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Polyptychodon amp oldid 1188809528, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
