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Lists of killings by law enforcement officers in the United States

January 01, 1970

This article contains dynamic lists that may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Below are lists of people killed by law enforcement in the United States, both on duty and off duty. Although Congress instructed the Attorney General in 1994 to compile and publish annual statistics on police use of excessive force, this was never carried out, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation does not collect these data.[2]

Map of per capita police killings in the United States in 2018.[1]
Deaths by age group in 2015, according to The Counted
A New York Times study reported how outcomes of active shooter attacks varied with actions of the attacker, the police (42% of total incidents), and bystanders (including a "good guy with a gun" outcome in 5.1% of total incidents).[3]

The annual average number of justifiable homicides alone was previously estimated to be near 400.[4] Updated estimates from the Bureau of Justice Statistics released in 2015 estimate the number to be around 930 per year, or 1,240 if assuming that non-reporting local agencies kill people at the same rate as reporting agencies.[5] A 2019 study by Esposito, Lee, and Edwards states that police killings are a leading cause of death for men aged 25–29 at 1.8 per 100000, trailing causes such as accidental death (76.6 per 100000), suicide (26.7 per 100000), and other homicides (22.0 per 100000).[6]

Around 2015–2016, The Guardian newspaper ran its own database, The Counted, which tracked US killings by police and other law enforcement agencies including from gunshots, tasers, car accidents and custody deaths. They counted 1,146 deaths for 2015 and 1,093 deaths for 2016. The database can be viewed by state, gender, race/ethnicity, age, classification (e.g., "gunshot"), and whether the person killed was armed.[7]

The Washington Post has tracked shootings since 2015, reporting more than 5,000 incidents since their tracking began.[8] The database can also classify people in various categories including race, age, weapon etc. For 2019, it reported a total of 1,004 people shot and killed by police.[9][10] According to the database, 6,600 have been killed since 2015, including 6,303 men and 294 women. Among those killed, 3,878 were armed with a gun, 1,119 were armed with a knife, 218 were armed with a vehicle, 244 had a toy weapon, and 421 were unarmed.[11]

A research brief by the Police Integrity Research Group of Bowling Green State University found that between 2005 and 2019, 104 nonfederal law enforcement officers had been arrested for murder or manslaughter for an on-duty shooting. As of 2019, 80 cases had concluded, with 35 leading to convictions, though often on lesser charges; 18 were convicted of manslaughter and four were convicted of murder.[12]

According to an article in The Lancet, between 1980 and 2018, more than 30,000 were killed by the police.[13] The study estimated that 55.5% of the deaths were incorrectly classified in the U.S. National Vital Statistics System, which tracks information from death certificates.[14] Death certificates do not require coroners to list whether the police were involved in the death which may contribute to the disparity.[15]

Lists of killings edit

The numbers below show how many total killings per year are recorded in the linked lists; these values may be less than the actual number of people killed by law enforcement if the deaths were not reported. The listing documents the occurrence of a death, without any investigation or elaboration into the department or making no implications regarding wrongdoing or justification on the part of the person(s) killed or officer(s) involved.

Year (total) Month
Pre-2009 (648) List
2009 (85) 2009 full year
2010 (304) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
2011 (180) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
2012 (608) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
2013 (347) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
2014 (638) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
2015 (853) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
2016 (221) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
2017 (162) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
2018 (435) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
2019 (637) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
2020 (463) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
2021 (232) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
2022 (227) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
2023 (979) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
2024 (465) Jan Feb Mar Apr May

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Peeples, Lynne (September 4, 2019). "What the data say about police shootings". Nature. 573 (7772). data from Mapping Police Violence: 24–26. Bibcode:2019Natur.573...24P. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02601-9. PMID 31485067. S2CID 201815061.
  2. ^ Dokoupil, Tony (January 14, 2014). "What is police brutality? Depends on where you live". NBC News.
  3. ^ Buchanan, Larry; Leatherby, Lauren (June 22, 2022). "Who Stops a 'Bad Guy With a Gun'?". The New York Times. from the original on June 22, 2022. Data source: Advanced Law Enforcement Rapid Response Training Center
  4. ^ Johnson, Kevin (October 15, 2008). "FBI: Justifiable homicides at highest in more than a decade". USA Today.
  5. ^ Bialik, Carl (March 6, 2015). "A New Estimate of Killings by Police Is Way Higher—And Still Too Low". FiveThirtyEight.
  6. ^ Esposito, Michael; Lee, Hedwig; Edwards, Frank (July 31, 2019). "Risk of being killed by police use of force in the United States by age, race-ethnicity, and sex". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 116 (34): 16793–16798. Bibcode:2019PNAS..11616793E. doi:10.1073/pnas.1821204116. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6708348. PMID 31383756.
  7. ^ "The Counted: People killed by police in the US". The Guardian. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
  8. ^ Sullivan, John; Hawkins, Derek (April 1, 2016). "In fatal shootings by police, 1 in 5 officers' names go undisclosed". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 7, 2016.
  9. ^ "Fatal Force: 2019 police shootings database". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
  10. ^ "Mapping Police Violence". Mapping Police Violence. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
  11. ^ "Fatal Force". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
  12. ^ Stinson, Philip; Wentzlof, Chloe (2019). "On-Duty Shootings: Police Officers Charged with Murder or Manslaughter, 2005-2019" (PDF). BGSU.edu. Bowling Green. Retrieved June 25, 2021.
  13. ^ Sharara, Fablina; Wool, Eve E; et al. (October 2, 2021). "Fatal police violence by race and state in the USA, 1980–2019: a network meta-regression". The Lancet. 398 (10307): 1239–1255. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01609-3. PMC 8485022. PMID 34600625. Across all races and states in the USA, we estimate 30 800 deaths (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 30 300–31 300) from police violence between 1980 and 2018; this represents 17 100 more deaths (16 600–17 600) than reported by the NVSS
  14. ^ Kaste, Martin (October 1, 2021). "More than 17,000 deaths caused by police have been misclassified since 1980". NPR. Retrieved October 2, 2021.
  15. ^ "More Than Half of Police Killings Are Mislabeled, New Study Says". The New York Times. September 30, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2021.

External links edit

  • Fatal Encounters Dot Org National Database of People Killed While Encountering Police. Fatal Encounters.
  • The Counted: Tracking people killed by police in the United States 2015–2016. The Guardian.
  • Washington Post database of police shootings, 2015–present. The Washington Post.
  • US police killings undercounted by half, study using Guardian data finds – The Guardian. 11 October 2017.
  • National Gun Violence Memorial with searchable database of Americans killed with guns. GunMemorial.
  • database of police killings in the U.S. 2013–2020. Mapping Police Violence.

January 01, 1970
lists, killings, enforcement, officers, united, states, this, article, contains, dynamic, lists, that, never, able, satisfy, particular, standards, completeness, help, adding, missing, items, with, reliable, sources, below, lists, people, killed, enforcement, . This article contains dynamic lists that may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources Below are lists of people killed by law enforcement in the United States both on duty and off duty Although Congress instructed the Attorney General in 1994 to compile and publish annual statistics on police use of excessive force this was never carried out and the Federal Bureau of Investigation does not collect these data 2 Map of per capita police killings in the United States in 2018 1 Deaths by age group in 2015 according to The Counted A New York Times study reported how outcomes of active shooter attacks varied with actions of the attacker the police 42 of total incidents and bystanders including a good guy with a gun outcome in 5 1 of total incidents 3 The annual average number of justifiable homicides alone was previously estimated to be near 400 4 Updated estimates from the Bureau of Justice Statistics released in 2015 estimate the number to be around 930 per year or 1 240 if assuming that non reporting local agencies kill people at the same rate as reporting agencies 5 A 2019 study by Esposito Lee and Edwards states that police killings are a leading cause of death for men aged 25 29 at 1 8 per 100000 trailing causes such as accidental death 76 6 per 100000 suicide 26 7 per 100000 and other homicides 22 0 per 100000 6 Around 2015 2016 The Guardian newspaper ran its own database The Counted which tracked US killings by police and other law enforcement agencies including from gunshots tasers car accidents and custody deaths They counted 1 146 deaths for 2015 and 1 093 deaths for 2016 The database can be viewed by state gender race ethnicity age classification e g gunshot and whether the person killed was armed 7 The Washington Post has tracked shootings since 2015 reporting more than 5 000 incidents since their tracking began 8 The database can also classify people in various categories including race age weapon etc For 2019 it reported a total of 1 004 people shot and killed by police 9 10 According to the database 6 600 have been killed since 2015 including 6 303 men and 294 women Among those killed 3 878 were armed with a gun 1 119 were armed with a knife 218 were armed with a vehicle 244 had a toy weapon and 421 were unarmed 11 A research brief by the Police Integrity Research Group of Bowling Green State University found that between 2005 and 2019 104 nonfederal law enforcement officers had been arrested for murder or manslaughter for an on duty shooting As of 2019 80 cases had concluded with 35 leading to convictions though often on lesser charges 18 were convicted of manslaughter and four were convicted of murder 12 According to an article in The Lancet between 1980 and 2018 more than 30 000 were killed by the police 13 The study estimated that 55 5 of the deaths were incorrectly classified in the U S National Vital Statistics System which tracks information from death certificates 14 Death certificates do not require coroners to list whether the police were involved in the death which may contribute to the disparity 15 Contents 1 Lists of killings 2 See also 3 References 4 External linksLists of killings editThe numbers below show how many total killings per year are recorded in the linked lists these values may be less than the actual number of people killed by law enforcement if the deaths were not reported The listing documents the occurrence of a death without any investigation or elaboration into the department or making no implications regarding wrongdoing or justification on the part of the person s killed or officer s involved Year total Month Pre 2009 648 List 2009 85 2009 full year 2010 304 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2011 180 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2012 608 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2013 347 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2014 638 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2015 853 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2016 221 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2017 162 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2018 435 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2019 637 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2020 463 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2021 232 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2022 227 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2023 979 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2024 465 Jan Feb Mar Apr MaySee also editDeath in custody United States Henry A Wallace Police Crime Public Database List of cases of police brutality List of countries with annual rates and counts for killings by law enforcement officers List of law enforcement officers killed in the line of duty in the United States List of law enforcement officers convicted for an on duty killing in the United States List of police reforms related to the George Floyd protests List of unarmed African Americans killed by law enforcement officers in the United States Lists of killings by law enforcement officers Police brutality in the United States Police misconduct United States Police riot United States Police use of deadly force in the United StatesReferences edit Peeples Lynne September 4 2019 What the data say about police shootings Nature 573 7772 data from Mapping Police Violence 24 26 Bibcode 2019Natur 573 24P doi 10 1038 d41586 019 02601 9 PMID 31485067 S2CID 201815061 Dokoupil Tony January 14 2014 What is police brutality Depends on where you live NBC News Buchanan Larry Leatherby Lauren June 22 2022 Who Stops a Bad Guy With a Gun The New York Times Archived from the original on June 22 2022 Data source Advanced Law Enforcement Rapid Response Training Center Johnson Kevin October 15 2008 FBI Justifiable homicides at highest in more than a decade USA Today Bialik Carl March 6 2015 A New Estimate of Killings by Police Is Way Higher And Still Too Low FiveThirtyEight Esposito Michael Lee Hedwig Edwards Frank July 31 2019 Risk of being killed by police use of force in the United States by age race ethnicity and sex Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 116 34 16793 16798 Bibcode 2019PNAS 11616793E doi 10 1073 pnas 1821204116 ISSN 0027 8424 PMC 6708348 PMID 31383756 The Counted People killed by police in the US The Guardian Retrieved February 5 2016 Sullivan John Hawkins Derek April 1 2016 In fatal shootings by police 1 in 5 officers names go undisclosed The Washington Post Retrieved July 7 2016 Fatal Force 2019 police shootings database The Washington Post Retrieved June 8 2020 Mapping Police Violence Mapping Police Violence Retrieved June 8 2020 Fatal Force The Washington Post Retrieved October 3 2021 Stinson Philip Wentzlof Chloe 2019 On Duty Shootings Police Officers Charged with Murder or Manslaughter 2005 2019 PDF BGSU edu Bowling Green Retrieved June 25 2021 Sharara Fablina Wool Eve E et al October 2 2021 Fatal police violence by race and state in the USA 1980 2019 a network meta regression The Lancet 398 10307 1239 1255 doi 10 1016 S0140 6736 21 01609 3 PMC 8485022 PMID 34600625 Across all races and states in the USA we estimate 30 800 deaths 95 uncertainty interval UI 30 300 31 300 from police violence between 1980 and 2018 this represents 17 100 more deaths 16 600 17 600 than reported by the NVSS Kaste Martin October 1 2021 More than 17 000 deaths caused by police have been misclassified since 1980 NPR Retrieved October 2 2021 More Than Half of Police Killings Are Mislabeled New Study Says The New York Times September 30 2021 Retrieved October 3 2021 External links editFatal Encounters Dot Org National Database of People Killed While Encountering Police Fatal Encounters The Counted Tracking people killed by police in the United States 2015 2016 The Guardian Washington Post database of police shootings 2015 present The Washington Post US police killings undercounted by half study using Guardian data finds The Guardian 11 October 2017 National Gun Violence Memorial with searchable database of Americans killed with guns GunMemorial database of police killings in the U S 2013 2020 Mapping Police Violence Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lists of killings by law enforcement officers in the United States amp oldid 1193060949, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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