Plesiadapiformes ("Adapid-like" or "near Adapiformes") is an extinct basal Pan-Primates group, as sister to the rest of the pan-primates.[4][5][6][7][8] The pan-primates together with the Dermoptera form the Primatomorpha. Purgatorius may not be a primate as an extinct sister to the rest of the Dermoptera[8] or a separate, more basal stem pan-primate branch. Even with Purgatorius removed, the crown primates may even have emerged in this group.
Plesiadapiformes first appear in the fossil record between 65 and 55 million years ago,[9][10] although many were extinct by the beginning of the Eocene. They may be the earliest known mammals to have finger nails in place of claws.[11] In 1990, K.C. Beard attempted to link the Plesiadapiformes with the order Dermoptera. They proposed that paromomyid Phenacolemur had digital proportions of the fossil indicated gliding habits similar to that of colugos.[12]
In the following simplified cladogram, the crown primates are found to be highly derived Plesiadapiformes, possibly as sister of the Plesiadapoidea.[7] The crown primates are cladistically granted here into the Plesiadapiformes, and the 'plesiadapiformes' become a junior synonym of the primates. With this tree, the plesiadapiformes are not literally extinct (in the sense of having no surviving descendants). The crown primates are also called "Euprimates" in this context.
Alternatively, in 2018, the plesiadapiform were proposed to be more related to Dermoptera, or roughly corresponding to Primatomorpha with both Dermoptera and the primates emerging within this group.[13][14][15] Also in a 2020 paper, the primates and Dermoptera were jointly considered sister to the plesiadapiform Purgatoriidae, resulting in the following phylogenetic tree.[16]
Traditionally, they were regarded as a separate extinct order of Primatomorpha, but it now appears that groups such as the extant primates and/or the Dermoptera have emerged in the group.[citation needed]
Similarly, in 2021 the Purgatoriidae were found to be sister to Dermoptera, while the rest of the Plesiadapiformes appear to be sister to the remaining primates:[8]
^"Plesiadapiformes". paleobiodb.org. Retrieved 10 August 2021.
^Scott, Craig S.; Fox, Richard C.; Redman, Cory M. (21 March 2016). "A new species of the basal plesiadapiform Purgatorius (Mammalia, Primates) from the early Paleocene Ravenscrag Formation, Cypress Hills, southwest Saskatchewan, Canada: further taxonomic and dietary diversity in the earliest primates". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 53 (4): 343–354. Bibcode:2016CaJES..53..343S. doi:10.1139/cjes-2015-0238. hdl:1807/71784.
^ abSilcox, Mary T.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Boyer, Doug M.; Chester, Stephen G. B.; López‐Torres, Sergi (April 2017). "The evolutionary radiation of plesiadapiforms". Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews. 26 (2): 74–94. doi:10.1002/evan.21526. ISSN 1060-1538. PMID 28429568.
^Henke, Winfried; Tattersall, Ian; Hardt, Thorolf (2007). Handbook of Paleoanthropology: Vol I:Principles, Methods and Approaches Vol II:Primate Evolution and Human Origins Vol III:Phylogeny of Hominids. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 839. ISBN978-3-540-32474-4. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
^Boyer, Doug M.; Costeur, Loïc; Lipman, Yaron (2012). "Earliest record of Platychoerops(Primates, Plesiadapidae), a new species from Mouras Quarry, Mont de Berru, France". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 149 (3): 329–346. doi:10.1002/ajpa.22119. ISSN 0002-9483. PMID 22926965. S2CID 37772289.
^Ni, X.; Meng, J.; Beard, K. C.; Gebo, D. L.; Wang, Y.; Li, C. (2009). "A new tarkadectine primate from the Eocene of Inner Mongolia, China: phylogenetic and biogeographic implications". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 277 (1679): 247–256. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.0173. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC2842661. PMID 19386655.
^ abSilcox, Mary T.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Boyer, Doug M.; Chester, Stephen G. B.; López‐Torres, Sergi (2017). "The evolutionary radiation of plesiadapiforms". Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews. 26 (2): 74–94. doi:10.1002/evan.21526. ISSN 1520-6505. PMID 28429568.
^ abcWisniewski, Anna L.; Lloyd, Graeme T.; Slater, Graham J. (25 May 2022). "Extant species fail to estimate ancestral geographical ranges at older nodes in primate phylogeny". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 289 (1975): 20212535. doi:10.1098/rspb.2021.2535. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC9115010. PMID 35582793.
^Paleontologists discover most primitive primate skeleton - PhysOrg.com
^March 2021, Patrick Pester-Staff Writer 04. "Primate ancestor of all humans likely roamed with the dinosaurs". livescience.com. Retrieved 5 March 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^""Sleep, First Primates, Earthquakes in the Midwest and Profile: Sang-Mook Lee"". NOVA scienceNOW. Season 4. Episode 8. 9 July 2008. 13:04 minutes in. PBS. Transcripts – NOVA scienceNOW: 9 July 2008.
^Beard, K. C. (1990). "Gliding behaviour and palaeoecology of the alleged primate family Paromomyidae (Mammalia, Dermoptera)". Nature. 345 (6273): 340–341. Bibcode:1990Natur.345..340B. doi:10.1038/345340a0. S2CID 4369153.
^Morse, Paul E.; Chester, Stephen G.B.; Boyer, Doug M.; Smith, Thierry; Smith, Richard; Gigase, Paul; Bloch, Jonathan I. (2019). "New fossils, systematics, and biogeography of the oldest known crown primate Teilhardina from the earliest Eocene of Asia, Europe, and North America". Journal of Human Evolution. 128: 103–131. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.08.005. PMID 30497682. S2CID 54167483.
^Godinot, Marc (16 April 2017), "Paleocene and Eocene Primates", in Bezanson, Michele; MacKinnon, Katherine C; Riley, Erin; Campbell, Christina J (eds.), The International Encyclopedia of Primatology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 1–9, doi:10.1002/9781119179313.wbprim0331, ISBN9781119179313
^Boyer, Doug M.; Maiolino, Stephanie A.; Holroyd, Patricia A.; Morse, Paul E.; Bloch, Jonathan I. (1 September 2018). "Oldest evidence for grooming claws in euprimates". Journal of Human Evolution. 122: 1–22. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.03.010. PMID 29935935.
^Seiffert, Erik R.; Tejedor, Marcelo F.; Fleagle, John G.; Novo, Nelson M.; Cornejo, Fanny M.; Bond, Mariano; de Vries, Dorien; Campbell, Kenneth E. (10 April 2020). "A parapithecid stem anthropoid of African origin in the Paleogene of South America". Science. 368 (6487): 194–197. Bibcode:2020Sci...368..194S. doi:10.1126/science.aba1135. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 32273470. S2CID 215550773.
^"Plesiadapoidea". paleobiodb.org. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
External linksedit
February 16, 2024
plesiadapiformes, adapid, like, near, adapiformes, extinct, basal, primates, group, sister, rest, primates, primates, together, with, dermoptera, form, primatomorpha, purgatorius, primate, extinct, sister, rest, dermoptera, separate, more, basal, stem, primate. Plesiadapiformes Adapid like or near Adapiformes is an extinct basal Pan Primates group as sister to the rest of the pan primates 4 5 6 7 8 The pan primates together with the Dermoptera form the Primatomorpha Purgatorius may not be a primate as an extinct sister to the rest of the Dermoptera 8 or a separate more basal stem pan primate branch Even with Purgatorius removed the crown primates may even have emerged in this group PlesiadapiformesTemporal range 66 46 2 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Paleocene Middle Eocene 1 PlesiadapisScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass MammaliaClade Pan PrimatesOrder PlesiadapiformesSimons and Tattersall 1972Groups includedMicromomyidae Paromomyidae Picromomyidae Palaechthonidae Picrodontidae Microsyopidae Chronolestidae Plesiadapidae Carpolestidae Purgatoriidae 2 Saxonellidae 3 Toliapinidae 3 Plesiadapiformes first appear in the fossil record between 65 and 55 million years ago 9 10 although many were extinct by the beginning of the Eocene They may be the earliest known mammals to have finger nails in place of claws 11 In 1990 K C Beard attempted to link the Plesiadapiformes with the order Dermoptera They proposed that paromomyid Phenacolemur had digital proportions of the fossil indicated gliding habits similar to that of colugos 12 In the following simplified cladogram the crown primates are found to be highly derived Plesiadapiformes possibly as sister of the Plesiadapoidea 7 The crown primates are cladistically granted here into the Plesiadapiformes and the plesiadapiformes become a junior synonym of the primates With this tree the plesiadapiformes are not literally extinct in the sense of having no surviving descendants The crown primates are also called Euprimates in this context Euarchontoglires Glires Rodentia rodents Lagomorpha rabbits hares pikas Euarchonta Scandentia treeshrews Primatomorpha Dermoptera colugos Primates Purgatoriidae Micromomyidae Microsyopidae Paromomyidae PalaechthonidaePlesiadapoidea Carpolestidae PlesiadapidaeCrown PrimatesPlesiadapiformesAlternatively in 2018 the plesiadapiform were proposed to be more related to Dermoptera or roughly corresponding to Primatomorpha with both Dermoptera and the primates emerging within this group 13 14 15 Also in a 2020 paper the primates and Dermoptera were jointly considered sister to the plesiadapiform Purgatoriidae resulting in the following phylogenetic tree 16 Euarchontoglires Glires Rodentia rodents Lagomorpha rabbits hares pikas Euarchonta Scandentia treeshrews Primatomorpha Purgatoriidaecrown Primatomorpha Dermoptera colugos Primates Plesiadapiform s s PlesiadapiformesTraditionally they were regarded as a separate extinct order of Primatomorpha but it now appears that groups such as the extant primates and or the Dermoptera have emerged in the group citation needed Similarly in 2021 the Purgatoriidae were found to be sister to Dermoptera while the rest of the Plesiadapiformes appear to be sister to the remaining primates 8 Euarchonta ScandentiaPrimatomorpha Dermoptera Purgatoriidaecrown DermopteraPrimates Plesiadapiformes s s Palenochtha weissaeToliapinidae Avenius amatorumAltanius orlovicrown Primates Strepsirrhini crown StrepsirrhiniAdapiformes s l Haplorhini Archicebus achillesTeilhardina s s Teilhardina asiaticaTeilhardina belgicaTeilhardina magnolianaTeilhardina brandticrown Haplorhini Tarsiiformes Omomyiformes s s Teilhardina s scrown TarsiiformesSimiiformesTeilhardina s l Omomyiformes s l Plesiadapiformes s l One possible classification table of plesiadapiform families is listed below Plesiadapiformes Family Micromomyidae Superfamily Paromomyoidea Family Paromomyidae Family Picromomyidae Family Palaechthonidae Family Microsyopidae Superfamily Plesiadapoidea 17 Family Carpolestidae Family Chronolestidae Family Picrodontidae Family Plesiadapidae Family SaxonellidaeReferences edit Plesiadapiformes paleobiodb org Retrieved 10 August 2021 Scott Craig S Fox Richard C Redman Cory M 21 March 2016 A new species of the basal plesiadapiform Purgatorius Mammalia Primates from the early Paleocene Ravenscrag Formation Cypress Hills southwest Saskatchewan Canada further taxonomic and dietary diversity in the earliest primates Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 53 4 343 354 Bibcode 2016CaJES 53 343S doi 10 1139 cjes 2015 0238 hdl 1807 71784 a b Silcox Mary T Bloch Jonathan I Boyer Doug M Chester Stephen G B Lopez Torres Sergi April 2017 The evolutionary radiation of plesiadapiforms Evolutionary Anthropology Issues News and Reviews 26 2 74 94 doi 10 1002 evan 21526 ISSN 1060 1538 PMID 28429568 Henke Winfried Tattersall Ian Hardt Thorolf 2007 Handbook of Paleoanthropology Vol I Principles Methods and Approaches Vol II Primate Evolution and Human Origins Vol III Phylogeny of Hominids Springer Science amp Business Media p 839 ISBN 978 3 540 32474 4 Retrieved 25 January 2015 Boyer Doug M Costeur Loic Lipman Yaron 2012 Earliest record of Platychoerops Primates Plesiadapidae a new species from Mouras Quarry Mont de Berru France American Journal of Physical Anthropology 149 3 329 346 doi 10 1002 ajpa 22119 ISSN 0002 9483 PMID 22926965 S2CID 37772289 Ni X Meng J Beard K C Gebo D L Wang Y Li C 2009 A new tarkadectine primate from the Eocene of Inner Mongolia China phylogenetic and biogeographic implications Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences 277 1679 247 256 doi 10 1098 rspb 2009 0173 ISSN 0962 8452 PMC 2842661 PMID 19386655 a b Silcox Mary T Bloch Jonathan I Boyer Doug M Chester Stephen G B Lopez Torres Sergi 2017 The evolutionary radiation of plesiadapiforms Evolutionary Anthropology Issues News and Reviews 26 2 74 94 doi 10 1002 evan 21526 ISSN 1520 6505 PMID 28429568 a b c Wisniewski Anna L Lloyd Graeme T Slater Graham J 25 May 2022 Extant species fail to estimate ancestral geographical ranges at older nodes in primate phylogeny Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences 289 1975 20212535 doi 10 1098 rspb 2021 2535 ISSN 0962 8452 PMC 9115010 PMID 35582793 Paleontologists discover most primitive primate skeleton PhysOrg com March 2021 Patrick Pester Staff Writer 04 Primate ancestor of all humans likely roamed with the dinosaurs livescience com Retrieved 5 March 2021 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Sleep First Primates Earthquakes in the Midwest and Profile Sang Mook Lee NOVA scienceNOW Season 4 Episode 8 9 July 2008 13 04 minutes in PBS Transcripts NOVA scienceNOW 9 July 2008 Beard K C 1990 Gliding behaviour and palaeoecology of the alleged primate family Paromomyidae Mammalia Dermoptera Nature 345 6273 340 341 Bibcode 1990Natur 345 340B doi 10 1038 345340a0 S2CID 4369153 Morse Paul E Chester Stephen G B Boyer Doug M Smith Thierry Smith Richard Gigase Paul Bloch Jonathan I 2019 New fossils systematics and biogeography of the oldest known crown primate Teilhardina from the earliest Eocene of Asia Europe and North America Journal of Human Evolution 128 103 131 doi 10 1016 j jhevol 2018 08 005 PMID 30497682 S2CID 54167483 Godinot Marc 16 April 2017 Paleocene and Eocene Primates in Bezanson Michele MacKinnon Katherine C Riley Erin Campbell Christina J eds The International Encyclopedia of Primatology John Wiley amp Sons Inc pp 1 9 doi 10 1002 9781119179313 wbprim0331 ISBN 9781119179313 Boyer Doug M Maiolino Stephanie A Holroyd Patricia A Morse Paul E Bloch Jonathan I 1 September 2018 Oldest evidence for grooming claws in euprimates Journal of Human Evolution 122 1 22 doi 10 1016 j jhevol 2018 03 010 PMID 29935935 Seiffert Erik R Tejedor Marcelo F Fleagle John G Novo Nelson M Cornejo Fanny M Bond Mariano de Vries Dorien Campbell Kenneth E 10 April 2020 A parapithecid stem anthropoid of African origin in the Paleogene of South America Science 368 6487 194 197 Bibcode 2020Sci 368 194S doi 10 1126 science aba1135 ISSN 0036 8075 PMID 32273470 S2CID 215550773 Plesiadapoidea paleobiodb org Retrieved 1 March 2022 External links editMikko s Phylogeny Archive Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Plesiadapiformes amp oldid 1206527005, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
