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Pisa, Greece

October 21, 2023

Pisa (Ancient Greek: Πῖσα) is a modern village situated 2.15 kilometres (1.34 mi) to the east of Olympia, Greece. Currently it is not politically independent but is a neighborhood of the village of Archea Olympia, the capital of the Municipality of Ancient Olympia, of which it is a municipal unit, Ancient Olympia, since 2011. Municipality (deme), municipal unit, village, and ancient site, all telescope at the same location under the same Greek name, archaia Olympia, although different English translations provide some diversity at the different levels. They are all in the regional unit of Elis, located on the northwest side of the geographic (not political) feature of the Peloponnesus

Modern Pisa is the putative location of ancient Pisa. Greek history tells of a contention between Olympia, Pisa, and Elis, a village of ancient Elis, for supremacy of the region and management of the sacred precinct. The existence of an ancient district called Pisatis (ἡ Πισᾶτις), which included 8 villages over half of modern Elis, is indicated by many ancient authors. Such a political unit is certain for the 4th century BC.[1] The tradition of an earlier unit is not an unreasonable one. Eventually Olympia was victorious in the contention and Pisa became part of Olympia rather than vice versa.

Pisatis area Edit

The current location thought to be Pisa is about 1km east of Olympia.

A confederacy of eight states apparently existed in Pisatis, of which, besides Pisa, the following names are recorded: Salmone, Heracleia, Harpinna, Cycesium, and Dyspontium.[2] The celebration of the festival of Zeus at Olympia had originally belonged to the Pisatans, in the neighbourhood of whose city Olympia was situated.

Legendary foundations Edit

Pisa was said to have been founded by an eponymous hero, Pisus, the son of Perieres, and grandson of Aeolus;[3] but others derived its name from a fountain Pisa.[4] Modern writers connect its name with Πῖσος, a low marshy ground, or with Πίσσα, the name of the black fir or pinetree. It was celebrated in mythology as the residence of Oenomaus and Pelops. The Virgilian commentator Servius wrote that the Teuti, or Pelops, the king of the Pisatans, arrived on the Tyrrhenian coast after the Trojan War and founded the Italian (and more famous) Pisa in the 13th century BCE. These traditions are regarded as having no merit of historical truth today, but are classed as folk-etymologies.

Early Olympic Games Edit

In the eighth Olympiad (747 BCE) the Pisatans succeeded in depriving the Eleians of the presidency by calling in the assistance of Pheidon I, tyrant of Argos, in conjunction with whom they celebrated the festival. But almost immediately afterwards the power of Pheidon was destroyed by the Spartans, who not only restored to the Eleians the presidency, but are said even to have confirmed them in the possession of the Pisatis and Triphylia.[5][6][7]

In the Second Messenian War the Pisatans and Triphylians revolted from Elis and assisted the Messenians, while the Eleians sided with the Spartans. In this war the Pisatans were commanded by their king Pantaleon, who also succeeded in making himself master of Olympia by force, during the 34th Olympiad (644 BCE), and in celebrating the games to the exclusion of the Eleians.[8][9] The conquest of the Messenians by the Spartans must also have been attended by the submission of the Pisatans to their former masters.

In the 48th Olympiad (588 BCE) the Eleians, suspecting the fidelity of Damophon, the son of Pantaleon, invaded the Pisatis, but were persuaded by Damophon to return home without committing any further acts of hostility. But in the 52nd Olympiad (572 BCE), Pyrrhus, who had succeeded his brother Damophon in the sovereignty of Pisa, invaded Elis, assisted by the Dyspontii in the Pisatis, and by the Macistii and Scilluntii in Triphylia. This attempt ended in the ruin of these towns, which were razed to the ground by the Eleians.[10]

From this time Pisa disappears from history; and so complete was its destruction that the fact of its ever having existed was disputed in later times.[11] Although Pisa ceased to exist as a city from this time, the Pisatans, in conjunction with the Arcadians, celebrated the 104th Olympic festival in 364 BCE.

Later testimonies Edit

Pausanias found its site converted into a vineyard.[12] Its situation, however, was perfectly well known to Pindar and Herodotus. Pindar frequently identifies it with Olympia;[13] and Herodotus refers to Pisa and Olympia as the same point in computing the distance from the altar of the twelve gods at Athens.[14]

See also Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ Mogens Herman Hansen, Thomas Heine Nielsen, An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis. OUP Oxford, 2004. pp.500,501
  2. ^ Strabo. Geographica. Vol. viii. p.356, et seq. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
  3. ^ Pausanias (1918). "22.2". Description of Greece. Vol. 6. Translated by W. H. S. Jones; H. A. Ormerod. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann – via Perseus Digital Library.
  4. ^ Strabo. Geographica. Vol. viii. p.356. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
    Eustath. ad Dionys. Per. 409.
  5. ^ Pausanias (1918). "22.2". Description of Greece. Vol. 6. Translated by W. H. S. Jones; H. A. Ormerod. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann – via Perseus Digital Library.
  6. ^ Strabo. Geographica. Vol. viii. p.354, et seq. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
  7. ^ Herodotus. Histories. Vol. 6.127.
  8. ^ Pausanias (1918). "21.1". Description of Greece. Vol. 6. Translated by W. H. S. Jones; H. A. Ormerod. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann – via Perseus Digital Library.-2
  9. ^ Strabo. Geographica. Vol. viii. p.362. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
  10. ^ Pausanias (1918). "21.4". Description of Greece. Vol. 6. Translated by W. H. S. Jones; H. A. Ormerod. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann – via Perseus Digital Library. et seq.
  11. ^ Strabo. Geographica. Vol. viii. p.356. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
  12. ^ Pausanias (1918). "22.1". Description of Greece. Vol. 6. Translated by W. H. S. Jones; H. A. Ormerod. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann – via Perseus Digital Library.
  13. ^ e.g. Ol. 2.3
  14. ^ Herodotus. Histories. Vol. 2.7.

Attribution Edit

  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Pisa". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.
  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Elis". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.

External links Edit

  • Mait Kõiv, Early History of Elis and Pisa: Invented or Evolving Traditions?

37°38′38″N 21°39′14″E / 37.644°N 21.654°E / 37.644; 21.654

October 21, 2023
pisa, greece, pisa, ancient, greek, Πῖσα, modern, village, situated, kilometres, east, olympia, greece, currently, politically, independent, neighborhood, village, archea, olympia, capital, municipality, ancient, olympia, which, municipal, unit, ancient, olymp. Pisa Ancient Greek Pῖsa is a modern village situated 2 15 kilometres 1 34 mi to the east of Olympia Greece Currently it is not politically independent but is a neighborhood of the village of Archea Olympia the capital of the Municipality of Ancient Olympia of which it is a municipal unit Ancient Olympia since 2011 Municipality deme municipal unit village and ancient site all telescope at the same location under the same Greek name archaia Olympia although different English translations provide some diversity at the different levels They are all in the regional unit of Elis located on the northwest side of the geographic not political feature of the PeloponnesusModern Pisa is the putative location of ancient Pisa Greek history tells of a contention between Olympia Pisa and Elis a village of ancient Elis for supremacy of the region and management of the sacred precinct The existence of an ancient district called Pisatis ἡ Pisᾶtis which included 8 villages over half of modern Elis is indicated by many ancient authors Such a political unit is certain for the 4th century BC 1 The tradition of an earlier unit is not an unreasonable one Eventually Olympia was victorious in the contention and Pisa became part of Olympia rather than vice versa Contents 1 Pisatis area 2 Legendary foundations 3 Early Olympic Games 4 Later testimonies 5 See also 6 References 7 Attribution 8 External linksPisatis area EditThe current location thought to be Pisa is about 1km east of Olympia A confederacy of eight states apparently existed in Pisatis of which besides Pisa the following names are recorded Salmone Heracleia Harpinna Cycesium and Dyspontium 2 The celebration of the festival of Zeus at Olympia had originally belonged to the Pisatans in the neighbourhood of whose city Olympia was situated Legendary foundations EditPisa was said to have been founded by an eponymous hero Pisus the son of Perieres and grandson of Aeolus 3 but others derived its name from a fountain Pisa 4 Modern writers connect its name with Pῖsos a low marshy ground or with Pissa the name of the black fir or pinetree It was celebrated in mythology as the residence of Oenomaus and Pelops The Virgilian commentator Servius wrote that the Teuti or Pelops the king of the Pisatans arrived on the Tyrrhenian coast after the Trojan War and founded the Italian and more famous Pisa in the 13th century BCE These traditions are regarded as having no merit of historical truth today but are classed as folk etymologies Early Olympic Games EditIn the eighth Olympiad 747 BCE the Pisatans succeeded in depriving the Eleians of the presidency by calling in the assistance of Pheidon I tyrant of Argos in conjunction with whom they celebrated the festival But almost immediately afterwards the power of Pheidon was destroyed by the Spartans who not only restored to the Eleians the presidency but are said even to have confirmed them in the possession of the Pisatis and Triphylia 5 6 7 In the Second Messenian War the Pisatans and Triphylians revolted from Elis and assisted the Messenians while the Eleians sided with the Spartans In this war the Pisatans were commanded by their king Pantaleon who also succeeded in making himself master of Olympia by force during the 34th Olympiad 644 BCE and in celebrating the games to the exclusion of the Eleians 8 9 The conquest of the Messenians by the Spartans must also have been attended by the submission of the Pisatans to their former masters In the 48th Olympiad 588 BCE the Eleians suspecting the fidelity of Damophon the son of Pantaleon invaded the Pisatis but were persuaded by Damophon to return home without committing any further acts of hostility But in the 52nd Olympiad 572 BCE Pyrrhus who had succeeded his brother Damophon in the sovereignty of Pisa invaded Elis assisted by the Dyspontii in the Pisatis and by the Macistii and Scilluntii in Triphylia This attempt ended in the ruin of these towns which were razed to the ground by the Eleians 10 From this time Pisa disappears from history and so complete was its destruction that the fact of its ever having existed was disputed in later times 11 Although Pisa ceased to exist as a city from this time the Pisatans in conjunction with the Arcadians celebrated the 104th Olympic festival in 364 BCE Later testimonies EditPausanias found its site converted into a vineyard 12 Its situation however was perfectly well known to Pindar and Herodotus Pindar frequently identifies it with Olympia 13 and Herodotus refers to Pisa and Olympia as the same point in computing the distance from the altar of the twelve gods at Athens 14 See also EditHippodamia of Pisa Tantalus son of Broteas List of ancient Greek citiesReferences Edit Mogens Herman Hansen Thomas Heine Nielsen An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis OUP Oxford 2004 pp 500 501 Strabo Geographica Vol viii p 356 et seq Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon s edition Pausanias 1918 22 2 Description of Greece Vol 6 Translated by W H S Jones H A Ormerod Cambridge Massachusetts London Harvard University Press William Heinemann via Perseus Digital Library Strabo Geographica Vol viii p 356 Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon s edition Eustath ad Dionys Per 409 Pausanias 1918 22 2 Description of Greece Vol 6 Translated by W H S Jones H A Ormerod Cambridge Massachusetts London Harvard University Press William Heinemann via Perseus Digital Library Strabo Geographica Vol viii p 354 et seq Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon s edition Herodotus Histories Vol 6 127 Pausanias 1918 21 1 Description of Greece Vol 6 Translated by W H S Jones H A Ormerod Cambridge Massachusetts London Harvard University Press William Heinemann via Perseus Digital Library 2 Strabo Geographica Vol viii p 362 Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon s edition Pausanias 1918 21 4 Description of Greece Vol 6 Translated by W H S Jones H A Ormerod Cambridge Massachusetts London Harvard University Press William Heinemann via Perseus Digital Library et seq Strabo Geographica Vol viii p 356 Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon s edition Pausanias 1918 22 1 Description of Greece Vol 6 Translated by W H S Jones H A Ormerod Cambridge Massachusetts London Harvard University Press William Heinemann via Perseus Digital Library e g Ol 2 3 Herodotus Histories Vol 2 7 Attribution Edit nbsp This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Smith William ed 1854 1857 Pisa Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography London John Murray nbsp This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Smith William ed 1854 1857 Elis Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography London John Murray External links EditMait Koiv Early History of Elis and Pisa Invented or Evolving Traditions 37 38 38 N 21 39 14 E 37 644 N 21 654 E 37 644 21 654 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pisa Greece amp oldid 1160813783, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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