Pinar del Río
Pinar del Río is the capital city of Pinar del Río Province, Cuba. With a population of 191,081 (2022),[3] it is the 10th-largest city in Cuba. Inhabitants of the area are called Pinareños.
Pinar del Río | |
|---|---|
The city's central avenue, Calle de José Martí | |
Coat of arms | |
Pinar del Río municipality (red) within Pinar del Río Province (yellow) and Cuba | |
| Coordinates: 22°24′44″N 83°40′19″W / 22.41222°N 83.67194°W | |
| Country | Cuba |
| Province | Pinar del Río |
| Founded | September 10, 1867 |
| Government | |
| • President | Osmani Azcuy Herrera |
| Area | |
| • Municipality | 691.12 km2 (266.84 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 70.7 km2 (27.3 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 61 m (200 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Municipality | 191,081 |
| • Density | 269.1/km2 (697/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Pinareños |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (EST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| Postal code | 20100-20300 |
| Area code | +53 48 |
| Vehicle registration | P |
| Highways | Carretera Central |
History edit
Pinar del Río was one of the last major cities in Cuba founded by the Spanish, on September 10, 1867.[4] The city and province was founded as Nueva Filipinas (New Philippines) in response to an influx of Asian laborers coming from the Philippine Islands to work on tobacco plantations.[5]
Pinar del Río's history begins with the Guanahatabey, a group of nomadic Indians who lived in caves and procured most of their livelihood from the sea. Less advanced than the other indigenous natives who lived on the island, the Guanahatabey were a peaceful and passive race whose culture came about largely independently of the Taíno and Siboney cultures further east. The Guanahatabey were extinct by the time of the Spanish arrival in 1492; little firsthand documentation remains of how the archaic Guanahatabey society was structured and organized, although some archeological sites have been found on the Guanahacabibes Peninsula.
Post-Columbus, the conquistadors left rugged Pinar del Río largely to its own devices, and the area developed lackadaisically only after Canary Islanders started arriving in the late 1500s. These Canarians became the tobacco farmers of the region. It was originally called Nueva Filipina (New Philippines), but the region was renamed Pinar del Río in 1778, supposedly for the pine forests crowded along the Río Guama. Tobacco plantations and cattle ranches quickly sprang up in the rich soil, along with open grazing land that typifies Pinar. Farmers who made a living from the delicate and well-tended crops were colloquially christened Guajiros, a native word that literally means 'one of us'. By the mid-1800s Europeans were hooked on the fragrant weed, and the region flourished. Sea routes opened up and in 1893 the railways[4] was extended to facilitate the shipping of the perishable product. Pinar del Río is known as "the Mecca of tobacco".
Geography edit
The municipality borders San Luis, San Juan y Martínez, Viñales and Consolación del Sur. The villages included in the municipality are Briones Montoto, Cayo Conuco,[6] La Coloma, La Conchita and Las Ovas.
Climate edit
Pinar del Río has a warm tropical climate, more specifically a tropical monsoon climate (Am) according to the Köppen climate classification scheme.
| Climate data for Pinar del Río | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 27.0 (80.6) | 27.0 (80.6) | 29.0 (84.2) | 30.0 (86.0) | 31.0 (87.8) | 31.0 (87.8) | 32.0 (89.6) | 32.0 (89.6) | 32.0 (89.6) | 30.0 (86.0) | 29.0 (84.2) | 27.0 (80.6) | 29.8 (85.6) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 17.0 (62.6) | 17.0 (62.6) | 18.0 (64.4) | 20.0 (68.0) | 21.0 (69.8) | 23.0 (73.4) | 23.0 (73.4) | 23.0 (73.4) | 22.0 (71.6) | 21.0 (69.8) | 19.0 (66.2) | 18.0 (64.4) | 20.2 (68.3) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 56.0 (2.20) | 65.0 (2.56) | 74.0 (2.91) | 78.0 (3.07) | 190.0 (7.48) | 260.0 (10.24) | 161.0 (6.34) | 208.0 (8.19) | 221.0 (8.70) | 129.0 (5.08) | 75.0 (2.95) | 40.0 (1.57) | 1,557 (61.29) |
| Average rainy days | 6.0 | 6.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 11.0 | 15.0 | 13.0 | 14.0 | 16.0 | 12.0 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 117 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 217.0 | 226.0 | 248.0 | 270.0 | 248.0 | 210.0 | 248.0 | 248.0 | 210.0 | 217.0 | 210.0 | 217.0 | 2,769 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 64 | 73 | 67 | 69 | 62 | 54 | 62 | 62 | 58 | 58 | 64 | 64 | 63 |
| Source: Weather Atlas [7] | |||||||||||||
Demographics edit
In the 2002 national census, the following statistics were recorded:
- Area: 70.7 km² (city); 708 km² (municipality)
- Population: 189,221 (total); 152,200 (city); 30,417 (surrounding rural area)
- Density: 270,4 /km²
In 2004, the municipality of Pinar del Río had a population of 190,532.[2] With a total area of 708 km2 (273 sq mi),[1] it has a population density of 269.1/km2 (697/sq mi). On december 2022 the municipality reached a population of 191,081.[3]
Economy edit
The city is located in a major tobacco-growing area and is a centre of the cigar industry. The main farming animal in this province is the carabao.
Sport edit
The local baseball club is Pinar del Río, nicknamed Vegueros, and the association football one is FC Pinar del Río. Both the clubs have their home ground in the Capitán San Luis Stadium. The Vegueros are the Serie del Caribe 2015 champions. Also Major League Baseball and Hall of Famer for the Minnesota Twins Tony Oliva is from Pinar del Rio.
Transport edit
The city is served by the Carretera Central highway and by the A4 motorway. Pinar del Río Airport is abandoned, and La Coloma Airport (IATA: LCL, ICAO: MULM) has no scheduled flights. There is a railway station on the line to Havana.
Education edit
The main post-secondary education institution is the University of Pinar del Río.
Notable people edit
- Danys Báez – Major League Baseball pitcher
- Mario Bencomo – painter
- René Capo – Olympic Judoka
- Willy Chirino – singer-songwriter
- Jose Contreras - Major League Baseball pitcher
- Sen Dog – member of Cypress Hill
- Yunieski Gonzalez – boxer
- Dagoberto Valdés Hernández – religious leader/writer
- Carlos Luna – artist
- Mijaín López – three-time Olympic Greco-Roman Wrestling champion
- Yunesky Maya – pitcher for the Washington Nationals
- Polo Montañez – singer/songwriter
- Dolan Mor – writer
- Pedro Pablo Oliva – painter
- Tony Oliva – Outfielder for the Minnesota Twins and Major League Baseball Hall of Famer.
- Rudy Pérez – composer
- Alexei Ramírez – infielder for the Chicago White Sox
- Yoel Romero – Mixed Martial Artist, Olympic wrestler
- Gonzalo Rubalcaba – pianist
- Eduardo Zamacois – Spanish novelist
- Paulina Pedroso- leader in the Cuban War of Independence.
Gallery edit
-
The historical building "Fruti Cuba (Fruit Juices)", located in the city centre
-
Milanés Theatre
-
Cathedral
-
Culture house "Pedro Junco"
-
Tobacco plantation
-
Cigar factory
See also edit
References edit
- ^ a b Statoids (July 2003). "Municipios of Cuba". Retrieved October 7, 2007.
- ^ a b Atenas.cu (2004). (in Spanish). Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved October 7, 2007.
- ^ a b c Oficina Nacional de Estadistica e Informacion (2023). "Indicadores Demograficos" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-05-26.
- ^ a b "Pinar del Río y su historia" (in Spanish). guerrillero.cu. Retrieved 2023-05-26.
- ^ "Filipinos & Cuba". Retrieved 2023-05-26.
- ^ "Cayo Conuco (Cuba) map - nona.net". nona.net. Retrieved February 14, 2011.
- ^ "Pinar del Río, Cuba - Monthly weather forecast and Climate data". Weather Atlas. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
External links edit
- (in Spanish)
- (in Spanish) Pinar del Río on guije.com (historical infos)
- (in Spanish) [1] (historical infos)