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Piece goods

October 28, 2023

Piece goods were the textile materials sold in cut pieces as per the buyer's specification. The piece goods were either cut from a fabric roll or produced with a certain length, also called yard goods. Various textiles such as cotton, wool, silk, etc., were traded in terms of piece goods. The prices were determined as per the fabric quality.[1][2][3][4][5]

Woollen piece goods

John Forbes Watson classified Indian textiles into two types: piece goods and loom goods. Piece goods are materials that must be cut and sewn before they can be used, whereas loom goods, such as scarves and Saris, are ready to use after leaving the loom.[6]

Production edit

Many Indian clothes were ready to wear after leaving the loom. These were simple pieces of cloth of dimensions suited to the purposes. Lungi, Dhoti, and Sari are few specific examples of drape clothes. Other cloths produced according to specified dimensions are:

  • Longcloth made at Coromandel Coast was of the length of 37 yards[7] or 37 to 40 yards.[8]
  • Qutni at Damascus was woven as per market specified dimensions; for example, Length 6.13 meters width 0.7 meters was for Syria, Baghdad and Constantinople, Smyrna, and Persia. But for Egypt, the length was slightly more, i.e., 6.83 with the same width.[9]
  • Chautar an old muslin has been recorded with specific dimensions, i.e., length 12.44 meters and width 77.75 centimeters. Chautar was compared with sansuo, which was a three shuttle cloth, type of fine cotton variety produced at Songjiang.[10]
  • Tasar, a silk and cotton cloth used for lining in quilts from Bengal was produced with 14 yards of length and 1.5 yards width.[11]
  • Alachas were 5 yards long.[12]
  • A type of Gulbadan (silk cloth), Sohren Gulbadan was with 36 feet long and 1 foot and 4 inches wide.[13][14]
  • Salampore was 16X1 yards.[15]
  • Sussi (cloth) a striped fabric was 10 to 20 yards long and one yard in wide.[16]
  • Khasas had dimensions of 20 x 1 or 1.5 yards. The number of threads in warp direction were 1400–2800 with the weight of 595 grams /pc (with 2800 threads).[17]
  • Mulboos khas special muslins, reserved for royal aristocracy were measured 10 yards X 1-yard when produced of half-length. They had 1800-1900 threads in warp.[18]
  • Man-cheti was a “ginger yellow” cotton cloth made in India in the 14th century. Made in lengths of fifty feet and a width of four feet.[19]
  • Punjum, a kind of longcloth from the Northern Circars was produced in a variety of thread counts. As per John Forbes Watson, a common piece of Punjum weighs 14 pounds and is 18 yards long (36 Cubits). Its width ranges from 38 to 44 inches.[20]
  • Ghalta had a standard length of 9 yards and a width of 26 inches.[6]: 91, 92 
  • Kente cloth from Ghana, which dates back to the ninth century, consists of narrowly woven strips that are sewn together.[21]

Trading practices edit

Textile piece goods have been sold globally in many varieties, including grey, bleached, or dyed and prints.[22][23] And the practice is still being followed by many buyers. The knitted fabric is traded by weight also.

History edit

Historically drapers and cloth merchants were trading in piece goods. India was famous for its handloom cotton piece goods. Many fabrics of coarse to fine cotton qualities such as Baftas, calicos, and muslins were used to be exported during the Mughal era.

There are records stating that in 1664 the East India Company imported 273,746 pieces of cotton cloth from India (approximately 4.2 million sq. meters). This increasing trend finally peaked in 1684 at 1,760,315 pieces (or 26.9 million sq. meters).[24][25] Woolen and silk piece goods were also traded.[26][27][3][28][29] Woollen piece goods for example shawls were exported from Kashmir.[30]

The exports were continued until the British cloths emerged in the 19th century.[31] Substantial quantities of various piece goods were exported from Madras in 18th and 19th century. Punjum cloths accounted for a sizable portion of Madras' exports in the 18th century. Punjum, Salampores, Palampores, Chintz, Book muslin and Longcloth, varieties of Ghingahm were among the piece goods which were exported to America from Madras.[32]: 22, 429 [20]

During the 1920s, the Philippines was the largest market for cotton piece goods exported by the United States of America.[33]

Currently edit

Several textile piece goods are still traded with different HS codes to differentiate the weave, structure, and composition. For example, HS code 51123030 stands for hundred percent wool, and 58109100 is for woven dyed cotton with embroidery piece goods. The Harmonized System, or ‘HS,’ is an identification code developed by the World Customs Organization (WCO).[34][35]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Definition of PIECE GOODS". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2020-12-21.
  2. ^ Wingate, Isabel Barnum (1979). Fairchild's dictionary of textiles. Internet Archive. New York : Fairchild Publications. p. 455. ISBN 978-0-87005-198-2.
  3. ^ a b Chaudhury, Sushil (2020-03-10). Spinning Yarns: Bengal Textile Industry in the Backdrop of John Taylor's Report on 'Dacca Cloth Production' (1801). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-07920-3.
  4. ^ Blanco, A. E. (2019-11-29). Piece Goods Manual: Fabrics described; textile, knit goods, weaving terms, etc., explained; with notes on the classification of samples. Good Press.
  5. ^ Office, United States Patent (1925). Annual Report of the Commissioner of Patents. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 1686.
  6. ^ a b A Monograph on Silk Fabrics Produced in the Northwestern Provinces and Oudh. Printed at the N.-W. Provinces and Oudh Government Press. 1900. p. 70.
  7. ^ Peck, Amelia (2013). Interwoven Globe: The Worldwide Textile Trade, 1500-1800. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 305. ISBN 978-1-58839-496-5.
  8. ^ Rømer, Ludvig Ferdinand; Mer, Ludewig Ferdinand R. (2000). A Reliable Account of the Coast of Guinea (1760). British Academy. p. 266. ISBN 978-0-19-726218-4.
  9. ^ Issawi, Charles (1988-07-14). The Fertile Crescent, 1800-1914: A Documentary Economic History. Oxford University Press. p. 383. ISBN 978-0-19-536421-7.
  10. ^ Ray, Haraprasad (1993). Trade and Diplomacy in India-China Relations: A Study of Bengal During the Fifteenth Century. Radiant Publishers. p. 89. ISBN 978-81-7027-202-1.
  11. ^ Sangar, S.P. (1969). "Silk Cloth in the 17Th Century". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 31: 233–240. ISSN 2249-1937. JSTOR 44138372.
  12. ^ Forming ... to the hand-book of the economic products of the Punjab. Engineering College Press. 1872. p. 66.
  13. ^ FOUND INSIDE – PAGE 222 ''Sohrén gulbadan is made in pieces 36 feet long by 1 foot 4 inches wide . The ground is scarlet with thin yellow and green lines . It is made either of silk or cotton , and is in common use for shirts and trousers among the women of all classes ...'' Baluchistan District Gazetteer Series - Volume 6 - Page 222books.google.co.in › books Baluchistan (Pakistan) · 1907
  14. ^ ''These are often of dark green crepe with a red border . c ) Sohren gulbadan is made in silk or cotton pieces ( 36 feet x 16 inches ) . The material is scarlet with thin yellow lines . This material is used for shirts and trousers among all classes of ...'' Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, ...books.google.co.in › books 1954 ·https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Papers_of_the_Peabody_Museum_of_Archaeol/8mOaDpv505MC?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=sohren+gulbadan&dq=sohren+gulbadan&printsec=frontcover
  15. ^ Montgomery, Florence M. (1984). Textiles in America 1650-1870 : a dictionary based on original documents, prints and paintings, commercial records, American merchants' papers, shopkeepers' advertisements, and pattern books with original swatches of cloth. Internet Archive. New York ; London : Norton. p. 339. ISBN 978-0-393-01703-8.
  16. ^ Montgomery, Florence M. (1984). Textiles in America 1650-1870 : a dictionary based on original documents, prints and paintings, commercial records, American merchants' papers, shopkeepers' advertisements, and pattern books with original swatches of cloth. Internet Archive. New York ; London : Norton. p. 349. ISBN 978-0-393-01703-8.
  17. ^ Chaudhury, Sushil (2020-03-10). Spinning Yarns: Bengal Textile Industry in the Backdrop of John Taylor's Report on 'Dacca Cloth Production' (1801). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-07920-3.
  18. ^ Chaudhury, Sushil (2020-03-10). Spinning Yarns: Bengal Textile Industry in the Backdrop of John Taylor's Report on 'Dacca Cloth Production' (1801). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-07920-3.
  19. ^ Kumar, Raj (2008). Encyclopaedia of Untouchables Ancient, Medieval and Modern. Gyan Publishing House. p. 227. ISBN 978-81-7835-664-8.
  20. ^ a b Watson, John Forbes (1867). The Textile Manufactures and the Costumes of the People of India. Allen. p. 84.
  21. ^ Shujaa, Mwalimu J.; Shujaa, Kenya J. (2015-07-13). The SAGE Encyclopedia of African Cultural Heritage in North America. SAGE Publications. p. 713. ISBN 978-1-4833-4638-0.
  22. ^ Administration, United States Office of Price (1943). Press Releases. p. 334.
  23. ^ Dillon, Michael (2008-08-07). Chinese Economic History up to 1949 (2 vols). Global Oriental. ISBN 978-90-04-21786-7.
  24. ^ Chaudhuri, Trading World, Table C.14, p. S47
  25. ^ Richards, John F. (1995). The Mughal Empire. Cambridge University Press. p. 198. ISBN 978-0-521-56603-2.
  26. ^ Mann (F.S.S.), James A. (1860). The Cotton Trade of India: A Paper Read Before the Royal Asiatic Society, London, 21st January, 1860. Harrison and Sons, St. Martin's Lane, W.C. p. 7.
  27. ^ The British Trade Journal. Benn Brothers. 1889.
  28. ^ Malani, K. P. Sipahi; Soni, Hans Raj (1936). Indian Economics: A General Survey of Indian Economic Problems. Nand Kishore.
  29. ^ Burnell, A. C.; Yule, Henry (2018-10-24). Hobson-Jobson: Glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words And Phrases. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-60332-7.
  30. ^ commerce, India dept of finance and (1880). Review of the trade by land of British India with foreign countries [afterw.] Review of external land trade.
  31. ^ Stein, Burton (2010-02-04). A History of India. John Wiley & Sons. p. 215. ISBN 978-1-4443-2351-1.
  32. ^ Milburn, William (1825). Oriental Commerce, Or, The East India Trader's Complete Guide: Containing a Geographical and Nautical Description of the Maritime Parts of India, China, Japan, and Neighbouring Countries ... with an Account of Their Respective Commerce ... Kingsbury, Parbury, and Allen.
  33. ^ Hiram Nones (1932), Philippine Cotton Piece-goods Market, Washington: US Government Printing Office
  34. ^ "Import Data and Price of textile piece goods under HS Code 5112 | Zauba". www.zauba.com. Retrieved 2020-12-21.
  35. ^ "Export Data Of Textile Piece Goods Under HS Code 5810 | Textile Piece Goods Export Data Of India". www.indiatradedata.com. Retrieved 2020-12-21.
 
Look up piece goods in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

October 28, 2023
piece, goods, were, textile, materials, sold, pieces, buyer, specification, piece, goods, were, either, from, fabric, roll, produced, with, certain, length, also, called, yard, goods, various, textiles, such, cotton, wool, silk, were, traded, terms, piece, goo. Piece goods were the textile materials sold in cut pieces as per the buyer s specification The piece goods were either cut from a fabric roll or produced with a certain length also called yard goods Various textiles such as cotton wool silk etc were traded in terms of piece goods The prices were determined as per the fabric quality 1 2 3 4 5 Woollen piece goodsJohn Forbes Watson classified Indian textiles into two types piece goods and loom goods Piece goods are materials that must be cut and sewn before they can be used whereas loom goods such as scarves and Saris are ready to use after leaving the loom 6 Contents 1 Production 2 Trading practices 2 1 History 2 2 Currently 3 See also 4 ReferencesProduction editMany Indian clothes were ready to wear after leaving the loom These were simple pieces of cloth of dimensions suited to the purposes Lungi Dhoti and Sari are few specific examples of drape clothes Other cloths produced according to specified dimensions are Longcloth made at Coromandel Coast was of the length of 37 yards 7 or 37 to 40 yards 8 Qutni at Damascus was woven as per market specified dimensions for example Length 6 13 meters width 0 7 meters was for Syria Baghdad and Constantinople Smyrna and Persia But for Egypt the length was slightly more i e 6 83 with the same width 9 Chautar an old muslin has been recorded with specific dimensions i e length 12 44 meters and width 77 75 centimeters Chautar was compared with sansuo which was a three shuttle cloth type of fine cotton variety produced at Songjiang 10 Tasar a silk and cotton cloth used for lining in quilts from Bengal was produced with 14 yards of length and 1 5 yards width 11 Alachas were 5 yards long 12 A type of Gulbadan silk cloth Sohren Gulbadan was with 36 feet long and 1 foot and 4 inches wide 13 14 Salampore was 16X1 yards 15 Sussi cloth a striped fabric was 10 to 20 yards long and one yard in wide 16 Khasas had dimensions of 20 x 1 or 1 5 yards The number of threads in warp direction were 1400 2800 with the weight of 595 grams pc with 2800 threads 17 Mulboos khas special muslins reserved for royal aristocracy were measured 10 yards X 1 yard when produced of half length They had 1800 1900 threads in warp 18 Man cheti was a ginger yellow cotton cloth made in India in the 14th century Made in lengths of fifty feet and a width of four feet 19 Punjum a kind of longcloth from the Northern Circars was produced in a variety of thread counts As per John Forbes Watson a common piece of Punjum weighs 14 pounds and is 18 yards long 36 Cubits Its width ranges from 38 to 44 inches 20 Ghalta had a standard length of 9 yards and a width of 26 inches 6 91 92 Kente cloth from Ghana which dates back to the ninth century consists of narrowly woven strips that are sewn together 21 Trading practices editTextile piece goods have been sold globally in many varieties including grey bleached or dyed and prints 22 23 And the practice is still being followed by many buyers The knitted fabric is traded by weight also History edit Historically drapers and cloth merchants were trading in piece goods India was famous for its handloom cotton piece goods Many fabrics of coarse to fine cotton qualities such as Baftas calicos and muslins were used to be exported during the Mughal era There are records stating that in 1664 the East India Company imported 273 746 pieces of cotton cloth from India approximately 4 2 million sq meters This increasing trend finally peaked in 1684 at 1 760 315 pieces or 26 9 million sq meters 24 25 Woolen and silk piece goods were also traded 26 27 3 28 29 Woollen piece goods for example shawls were exported from Kashmir 30 The exports were continued until the British cloths emerged in the 19th century 31 Substantial quantities of various piece goods were exported from Madras in 18th and 19th century Punjum cloths accounted for a sizable portion of Madras exports in the 18th century Punjum Salampores Palampores Chintz Book muslin and Longcloth varieties of Ghingahm were among the piece goods which were exported to America from Madras 32 22 429 20 During the 1920s the Philippines was the largest market for cotton piece goods exported by the United States of America 33 Currently edit Several textile piece goods are still traded with different HS codes to differentiate the weave structure and composition For example HS code 51123030 stands for hundred percent wool and 58109100 is for woven dyed cotton with embroidery piece goods The Harmonized System or HS is an identification code developed by the World Customs Organization WCO 34 35 See also editMercery Bolt fabric Greige goods Drapery Draped garment kilts Belted plaid Chiton costume Loincloth togas stolas saris sarongs lungis pareos Longyi Dhoti Poncho Cloak ShawlReferences edit Definition of PIECE GOODS www merriam webster com Retrieved 2020 12 21 Wingate Isabel Barnum 1979 Fairchild s dictionary of textiles Internet Archive New York Fairchild Publications p 455 ISBN 978 0 87005 198 2 a b Chaudhury Sushil 2020 03 10 Spinning Yarns Bengal Textile Industry in the Backdrop of John Taylor s Report on Dacca Cloth Production 1801 Routledge ISBN 978 1 000 07920 3 Blanco A E 2019 11 29 Piece Goods Manual Fabrics described textile knit goods weaving terms etc explained with notes on the classification of samples Good Press Office United States Patent 1925 Annual Report of the Commissioner of Patents U S Government Printing Office p 1686 a b A Monograph on Silk Fabrics Produced in the Northwestern Provinces and Oudh Printed at the N W Provinces and Oudh Government Press 1900 p 70 Peck Amelia 2013 Interwoven Globe The Worldwide Textile Trade 1500 1800 Metropolitan Museum of Art p 305 ISBN 978 1 58839 496 5 Romer Ludvig Ferdinand Mer Ludewig Ferdinand R 2000 A Reliable Account of the Coast of Guinea 1760 British Academy p 266 ISBN 978 0 19 726218 4 Issawi Charles 1988 07 14 The Fertile Crescent 1800 1914 A Documentary Economic History Oxford University Press p 383 ISBN 978 0 19 536421 7 Ray Haraprasad 1993 Trade and Diplomacy in India China Relations A Study of Bengal During the Fifteenth Century Radiant Publishers p 89 ISBN 978 81 7027 202 1 Sangar S P 1969 Silk Cloth in the 17Th Century Proceedings of the Indian History Congress 31 233 240 ISSN 2249 1937 JSTOR 44138372 Forming to the hand book of the economic products of the Punjab Engineering College Press 1872 p 66 FOUND INSIDE PAGE 222 Sohren gulbadan is made in pieces 36 feet long by 1 foot 4 inches wide The ground is scarlet with thin yellow and green lines It is made either of silk or cotton and is in common use for shirts and trousers among the women of all classes Baluchistan District Gazetteer Series Volume 6 Page 222books google co in books Baluchistan Pakistan 1907 These are often of dark green crepe with a red border c Sohren gulbadan is made in silk or cotton pieces 36 feet x 16 inches The material is scarlet with thin yellow lines This material is used for shirts and trousers among all classes of Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology books google co in books 1954 https www google co in books edition Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeol 8mOaDpv505MC hl en amp gbpv 1 amp bsq sohren gulbadan amp dq sohren gulbadan amp printsec frontcover Montgomery Florence M 1984 Textiles in America 1650 1870 a dictionary based on original documents prints and paintings commercial records American merchants papers shopkeepers advertisements and pattern books with original swatches of cloth Internet Archive New York London Norton p 339 ISBN 978 0 393 01703 8 Montgomery Florence M 1984 Textiles in America 1650 1870 a dictionary based on original documents prints and paintings commercial records American merchants papers shopkeepers advertisements and pattern books with original swatches of cloth Internet Archive New York London Norton p 349 ISBN 978 0 393 01703 8 Chaudhury Sushil 2020 03 10 Spinning Yarns Bengal Textile Industry in the Backdrop of John Taylor s Report on Dacca Cloth Production 1801 Routledge ISBN 978 1 000 07920 3 Chaudhury Sushil 2020 03 10 Spinning Yarns Bengal Textile Industry in the Backdrop of John Taylor s Report on Dacca Cloth Production 1801 Routledge ISBN 978 1 000 07920 3 Kumar Raj 2008 Encyclopaedia of Untouchables Ancient Medieval and Modern Gyan Publishing House p 227 ISBN 978 81 7835 664 8 a b Watson John Forbes 1867 The Textile Manufactures and the Costumes of the People of India Allen p 84 Shujaa Mwalimu J Shujaa Kenya J 2015 07 13 The SAGE Encyclopedia of African Cultural Heritage in North America SAGE Publications p 713 ISBN 978 1 4833 4638 0 Administration United States Office of Price 1943 Press Releases p 334 Dillon Michael 2008 08 07 Chinese Economic History up to 1949 2 vols Global Oriental ISBN 978 90 04 21786 7 Chaudhuri Trading World Table C 14 p S47 Richards John F 1995 The Mughal Empire Cambridge University Press p 198 ISBN 978 0 521 56603 2 Mann F S S James A 1860 The Cotton Trade of India A Paper Read Before the Royal Asiatic Society London 21st January 1860 Harrison and Sons St Martin s Lane W C p 7 The British Trade Journal Benn Brothers 1889 Malani K P Sipahi Soni Hans Raj 1936 Indian Economics A General Survey of Indian Economic Problems Nand Kishore Burnell A C Yule Henry 2018 10 24 Hobson Jobson Glossary of Colloquial Anglo Indian Words And Phrases Routledge ISBN 978 1 136 60332 7 commerce India dept of finance and 1880 Review of the trade by land of British India with foreign countries afterw Review of external land trade Stein Burton 2010 02 04 A History of India John Wiley amp Sons p 215 ISBN 978 1 4443 2351 1 Milburn William 1825 Oriental Commerce Or The East India Trader s Complete Guide Containing a Geographical and Nautical Description of the Maritime Parts of India China Japan and Neighbouring Countries with an Account of Their Respective Commerce Kingsbury Parbury and Allen Hiram Nones 1932 Philippine Cotton Piece goods Market Washington US Government Printing Office Import Data and Price of textile piece goods under HS Code 5112 Zauba www zauba com Retrieved 2020 12 21 Export Data Of Textile Piece Goods Under HS Code 5810 Textile Piece Goods Export Data Of India www indiatradedata com Retrieved 2020 12 21 nbsp Look up piece goods in Wiktionary the free dictionary Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Piece goods amp oldid 1180619311, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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