An Act To declare the purpose of the people of the United States as to the future political status of the people of the Philippine Islands, and to provide a more autonomous government for those islands.
The law was enacted by the 64th United States Congress on August 29, 1916, and contained the first formal and official declaration of the United States federal government's commitment to grant independence to the Philippines.[1] It was a framework for a "more autonomous government", with certain privileges reserved to the United States to protect its sovereign rights and interests, in preparation for the grant of independence by the United States. The law provides that the grant of independence would come only "as soon as a stable government can be established", which was to be determined by the United States Government itself.
The ultimate goal for the Philippines was independence. U.S. PresidentTheodore Roosevelt said as early as 1901, "We hope to do for them what has never been done for any people of the tropics—to make them fit for self-government after the fashion of really free nations."[3] The American public tended to view America's presence in the Philippines as unremunerative and expensive, so Roosevelt had concluded by 1907, "We shall have to be prepared for giving the islands independence of a more or less complete type much sooner than I think advisable."[3]
Woodrow Wilson said, during the 1912 election campaign which made him U.S. President, "The Philippines are at present our frontier but I hope we presently are to deprive ourselves of that frontier."[3] Even before the 1912 elections, U.S. House Committee on Insular Affairs Chairman William Atkinson Jones attempted to launch a bill that would set a fixed date for Philippine independence.[4]Manuel L. Quezon was one of the Philippines' two resident commissioners to the U.S. House of Representatives. Jones delayed launching his bill, so Quezon drafted the first of two "Jones Bills". He drafted a second Jones Bill in early 1914 after the election of Wilson as U.S. president and his appointment of Francis Burton Harrison as president of the Philippine Commission and governor general of the Philippines.[citation needed]
Wilson had informed Quezon of his hostility to any fixed timetable for independence, and Quezon believed that the draft bill contained enough flexibility to suit Wilson.[5]
Passage into lawedit
The bill passed the House of Representatives in October 1913 and went to the Senate, backed by Harrison, U.S. Secretary of WarLindley Garrison, and President Wilson. A final version of the bill was signed into U.S. law by President Wilson on August 29, 1916, after amendment by the Senate and further changes in a congressional conference committee.[5]
Among the provisions of the law was the creation of an all-Filipino legislature. It created the Philippine Senate to replace the Philippine Commission, which had served as the upper chamber of the legislature.[2]
^In the "Instructions of the President to the Philippine Commission 2009-02-27 at the Wayback Machine" dated April 7, 1900, PresidentWilliam McKinley reiterated the intentions of the United States Government to establish and organize governments, essentially popular in their form, in the municipal and provincial administrative divisions of the Philippine Islands. However, there was no official mention of any declaration of Philippine Independence.
Kramer, Paul Alexander (2006). The Blood of Government: Race, Empire, the United States, & the Philippines. UNC Press. ISBN978-0-8078-5653-6.
Ninkovich, Frank A. (2004). The United States and Imperialism. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN978-1-57718-056-2.
External linksedit
"The Philippine Autonomy Act". Corpus Juris online Philippine law library. July 1902. Retrieved January 13, 2008.
January 01, 1970
jones, philippines, jones, redirects, here, confused, with, merchant, marine, 1920, increased, penalties, jones, stat, also, known, jones, philippine, autonomy, congress, august, 1916, organic, passed, united, states, congress, replaced, philippine, organic, 1. Jones Law redirects here Not to be confused with Merchant Marine Act of 1920 or Increased Penalties Act The Jones Law 39 Stat 545 416 also known as the Jones Act the Philippine Autonomy Act and the Act of Congress of August 29 1916 was an Organic Act passed by the United States Congress The law replaced the Philippine Organic Act of 1902 and acted as a constitution of the Philippines from its enactment until 1934 when the Tydings McDuffie Act was passed which in turn led eventually to the Commonwealth of the Philippines and to independence from the United States The Jones Law created the first fully elected Philippine legislature Jones LawLong titleAn Act To declare the purpose of the people of the United States as to the future political status of the people of the Philippine Islands and to provide a more autonomous government for those islands Enacted bythe 64th United States CongressCitationsPublic law64 240Statutes at Large39 Stat 545Legislative historySigned into law by President Woodrow Wilson on August 29 1916 Congressman William Jones authored the bill which replaced the Philippine Organic Act of 1902 A poster advertising the passage of the Jones Law The law was enacted by the 64th United States Congress on August 29 1916 and contained the first formal and official declaration of the United States federal government s commitment to grant independence to the Philippines 1 It was a framework for a more autonomous government with certain privileges reserved to the United States to protect its sovereign rights and interests in preparation for the grant of independence by the United States The law provides that the grant of independence would come only as soon as a stable government can be established which was to be determined by the United States Government itself The law also changed the Philippine Legislature into the Philippines first fully elected body and therefore made it more autonomous of the U S government The 1902 Philippine Organic Act provided for an elected lower house the Philippine Assembly while the upper house the Philippine Commission was appointed 2 The Jones Law provided for both houses to be elected 2 and changed the name of the Philippine Assembly to the House of Representatives The executive branch continued to be headed by an appointed governor general of the Philippines always an American Elections were held on October 3 1916 for the newly created Philippine Senate Elections to the Philippine Assembly had already been held on June 6 1916 and those elected in that election were made members of the House of Representatives by the law Contents 1 Development of the bill 2 Passage into law 3 Terms 4 See also 5 References 5 1 Bibliography 6 External linksDevelopment of the bill editThe ultimate goal for the Philippines was independence U S President Theodore Roosevelt said as early as 1901 We hope to do for them what has never been done for any people of the tropics to make them fit for self government after the fashion of really free nations 3 The American public tended to view America s presence in the Philippines as unremunerative and expensive so Roosevelt had concluded by 1907 We shall have to be prepared for giving the islands independence of a more or less complete type much sooner than I think advisable 3 Woodrow Wilson said during the 1912 election campaign which made him U S President The Philippines are at present our frontier but I hope we presently are to deprive ourselves of that frontier 3 Even before the 1912 elections U S House Committee on Insular Affairs Chairman William Atkinson Jones attempted to launch a bill that would set a fixed date for Philippine independence 4 Manuel L Quezon was one of the Philippines two resident commissioners to the U S House of Representatives Jones delayed launching his bill so Quezon drafted the first of two Jones Bills He drafted a second Jones Bill in early 1914 after the election of Wilson as U S president and his appointment of Francis Burton Harrison as president of the Philippine Commission and governor general of the Philippines citation needed Wilson had informed Quezon of his hostility to any fixed timetable for independence and Quezon believed that the draft bill contained enough flexibility to suit Wilson 5 Passage into law editThe bill passed the House of Representatives in October 1913 and went to the Senate backed by Harrison U S Secretary of War Lindley Garrison and President Wilson A final version of the bill was signed into U S law by President Wilson on August 29 1916 after amendment by the Senate and further changes in a congressional conference committee 5 Terms edit nbsp Joint session of the Philippine Legislature created by the Jones Law in Manila on November 15 1916 Among the provisions of the law was the creation of an all Filipino legislature It created the Philippine Senate to replace the Philippine Commission which had served as the upper chamber of the legislature 2 See also editHare Hawes Cutting Act Commonwealth of the Philippines Jones Shafroth Act Puerto Rico References edit In the Instructions of the President to the Philippine Commission Archived 2009 02 27 at the Wayback Machine dated April 7 1900 President William McKinley reiterated the intentions of the United States Government to establish and organize governments essentially popular in their form in the municipal and provincial administrative divisions of the Philippine Islands However there was no official mention of any declaration of Philippine Independence a b c Philippine Autonomy Act Jones Law a b c Ninkovich 2004 p 75 Kramer 2006 p 353 a b Kramer 2006 p 354 Bibliography edit Kramer Paul Alexander 2006 The Blood of Government Race Empire the United States amp the Philippines UNC Press ISBN 978 0 8078 5653 6 Ninkovich Frank A 2004 The United States and Imperialism Blackwell Publishing ISBN 978 1 57718 056 2 External links edit The Philippine Autonomy Act Corpus Juris online Philippine law library July 1902 Retrieved January 13 2008 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jones Law Philippines amp oldid 1189952099, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
